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Erschienen in:
Introduction: Regulation of Plants Derived from Genome Editing—What Lessons To Be Learned from Other Countries? Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology: Canada

verfasst von : Stuart J. Smyth

Erschienen in: Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Gene editing technologies are the latest to emerge from the broader field of agricultural biotechnology. Canada’s science-based regulatory system was adapted for genetically modified (GM) crops in the early 1990s and has proven sufficiently robust in responding to these new plant breeding techniques, having approved two varieties of gene edited canola. Canada does not have a mandatory labelling system and the products from these crops will have seamlessly entered the food supply system in Canada.
A 2017 industry organized workshop on the future of plant breeding regulations in Canada, acknowledged the excellence of Canada’s regulatory system for GM crops. However, it was noted that Canada cannot afford to be complacent when it comes to regulatory competitiveness as multinational technology development firms are making investment decisions based on regulatory efficiency. To ensure that Canada’s regulatory framework remains efficient, a two-tiered regulatory system has been suggested as a means of leveraging the 25 years of experience and knowledge gained through the safe regulation of GM crops. To date, no regulatory changes to move in this direction have been implemented by Canadian regulatory agencies.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology: Australia
Nächstes Kapitel Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology: European Union
Fußnoten
1
Canola Council of Canada (n.d.).
 
2
Soy Canada (2016).
 
3
Gusta et al. (2011), p. 11.
 
4
Smyth et al. (2011a), p. 407.
 
5
Smyth et al. (2011b), p. 499.
 
6
Smyth et al. (2011a), p. 407.
 
7
CFIA (2004).
 
8
Harrison (2001).
 
9
Smyth et al. (2004), pp. 70–73.
 
10
CFIA (2004).
 
11
Health Canada (2006).
 
12
ASSAf (2017).
 
13
CropLife (2017), p. 2.
 
14
Smyth et al. (2014), p. 1.
 
15
Little (2015).
 
16
AAFC (2012).
 
17
AAFC (2017).
 
18
Ryan and Smyth (2012), p. 21.
 
19
Government of Canada (2004).
 
20
CFIA (2016).
 
21
Hui (2016).
 
22
CFIA (2017).
 
23
Smyth and Phillips (2001), p. 51.
 
24
Hoffman v Monsanto (2005).
 
25
Khoury and Smyth (2007), p. 222.
 
26
Smyth (2005), pp. 53–68.
 
27
Panella et al. (2015).
 
28
Macdonald (2014), p. 63.
 
29
Qaim (2016), p. 27.
 
Literatur
Canadian Food Inspection Agency (2005) Regulation of agricultural biotechnology in Canada. Queen’s Printer, Ottawa
Gusta M, Smyth SJ, Belcher K, Phillips PWB, Castle D (2011) Economic benefits of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant canola for producers. AgBioForum 14(1):1–13
Harrison B (2001) Regulating novel foods in Canada. In: Presentation to the conference The Convergence of Global Regulatory Affairs: its potential impact on international trade and public perception. Saskatoon, Canada, March 19–20
Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc. (2005) S.K.Q.B. 225
Khoury L, Smyth SJ (2007) Reasonable foreseeability and liability in relation to genetically modified organisms. Bull Sci Technol Soc 27(3):215–232CrossRef
Little J (2015) Smart regulation and innovation for EU agriculture. Paper presentation to the 7th European Innovation Summit. Brussels, Belgium, 7–10 December
Macdonald P (2014) Genetically modified organisms regulatory challenges and science: a Canadian perspective. J Consum Prot Food Saf 9(Suppl 1):59–64CrossRef
Qaim M (2016) Genetically modified crops and agricultural development. Palgrave Macmillan, LondonCrossRef
Ryan CD, Smyth SJ (2012) Economic implications of low-level presence in a zero-tolerance European import market: the case of Canadian triffid flax. AgBioForum 15(1):21–30
Smyth SJ (2005) A decade of regulating agricultural biotechnology liability in Canada: a case study from 1994–2004. Dissertation, University of Saskatchewan
Smyth SJ (2014) The state of genetically modified crop regulation in Canada. GM Crops Food 5(3):195–203CrossRef
Smyth SJ, Phillips PWB (2001) Competitors co-operating: establishing a supply chain to manage genetically modified canola. Int Food Agribusiness Manag Rev 4(1):51–66CrossRef
Smyth SJ, Phillips PWB, Kerr WA, Khachatourians GG (2004) Regulating the liabilities of agricultural biotechnology. CABI Publishing, WallingfordCrossRef
Smyth SJ, Gusta M, Belcher K, Phillips PWB, Castle D (2011a) Environmental impacts from herbicide tolerant canola production in Western Canada. Agric Syst 104(5):403–410CrossRef
Smyth SJ, Gusta M, Belcher K, Phillips PWB, Castle D (2011b) Changes in herbicide use following the adoption of HR canola in Western Canada. Weed Technol 25(3):492–500CrossRef
Smyth SJ, McDonald J, Falck-Zepeda J (2014) Investment, regulation and uncertainty: managing new plant breeding techniques. GM Crops Food 5(1):1–14CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology: Canada
verfasst von
Stuart J. Smyth
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Buch
Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17118-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-17119-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17119-3_4