7. Regulatory Frameworks and Policies

This chapter explores the role of regulatory frameworks and policies in addressing air pollution at both national and international levels. It examines how various countries implement air quality standards and emission control measures, along with enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance. The chapter discusses key international agreements such as the Montreal Protocol, Stockholm Convention, and Paris Agreement, which address global pollution concerns. Case studies from around the world, such as China’s Air Pollution Action Plan and low-emission zones in European cities, are presented to highlight effective policy implementations. The chapter also delves into emerging approaches like Emission Trading Systems (ETS) and the importance of ecological diplomacy in managing transboundary pollution. It underscores the need for cross-sectoral collaboration, public awareness, and political will to successfully mitigate air pollution and achieve sustainable environmental outcomes.