Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Experimental Mechanics
Erschienen in: Experimental Mechanics 8/2010

01.10.2010

Relaxation Methods for Measuring Residual Stresses: Techniques and Opportunities

verfasst von: G. S. Schajer

Erschienen in: Experimental Mechanics | Ausgabe 8/2010

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Relaxation methods, also called “destructive” methods, are commonly used to evaluate residual stresses in a wide range of engineering components. While seemingly less attractive than non-destructive methods because of the specimen damage they cause, the relaxation methods are very frequently the preferred choice because of their versatility and reliability. Many different methods and variations of methods have been developed to suit various specimen geometries and measurement objectives. Previously, only specimens with simple geometries could be handled, but now the availability of sophisticated computational tools and of high-precision machining and measurement processes has greatly expanded the scope of the relaxation methods for residual stress evaluation. This paper reviews several prominent relaxation methods, describes recent advances, and indicates some promising directions for future developments.
Nächster Artikel Recent Applications of Moiré Interferometry

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Literatur
1.
Withers PJ, Bhadeshia HK (2001) Residual stress. Part 1: measurement techniques. Mater Sci Technol 17(4):355–365CrossRef
2.
Gunnert R (1955) Method for measuring residual stresses and its application to a study of residual welding stresses. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm
3.
Schwaighofer J (1964) Determination of residual stresses on the surface of structural parts. Exp Mech 4(2):54–56CrossRef
4.
Jullien D, Gril J (2008) Growth strain assessment at the periphery of small-diameter trees using the two-grooves method: influence of operating parameters estimated by numerical simulations. Wood Sci Technol 42(7):551–565CrossRef
5.
Walton HW (2002) Deflection methods to estimate residual stress. In: Totten G, Howes M, Inoue T (eds), Handbook of residual stress and deformation of steel. ASM International, pp 89–98
6.
Fuller J (1995) Conditioning stress development and factors that influence the prong test. USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Research Paper FPL–RP–537, p 6
7.
Baldwin WM (1949) Residual stresses in metals, Proc. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, p 49
8.
ASTM (2007) Standard practice for estimating the approximate residual circumferential stress in straight thin-walled tubing. Standard test method E1928-07, American Society for testing and materials, West Conshohocken, PA
9.
Stoney GG (1909) The tension of thin metallic films deposited by electrolysis. Proc R Soc Lond, A 82:172–175CrossRef
10.
Cao W, Fathallah R, Castex L (1995) Correlation of Almen arc height with residual stresses in shot peening process. Mater Sci Technol 11(9):967–973
11.
Shadley JR, Rybicki EF, Shealy WS (1987) Application guidelines for the parting out in a through thickness residual stress measurement procedure. Strain 23:157–166CrossRef
12.
Tebedge N, Alpsten G, Tall L (1973) Residual-stress measurement by the sectioning method. Exp Mech 13(2):88–96CrossRef
13.
Treuting RG, Read WT (1951) A mechanical determination of biaxial residual stress in sheet materials. J Appl Phys 22(2):130–134MATHCrossRef
14.
Sachs G, Espey G (1941) The measurement of residual stresses in metal, the iron age. 63–71
15.
Hospers F, Vogelesang LB (1975) Determination of residual stresses in aluminum-alloy sheet material. Exp Mech 15(3):107–110CrossRef
16.
Östlund M, Östlund S, Carlsson LA, Fellers C (1985) Experimental determination of residual stresses in paperboard. Exp Mech 45(6):493–497
17.
Mathar J (1934) Determination of initial stresses by measuring the deformation around drilled holes. Trans ASME 56(4):249–254MathSciNet
18.
Measurements Group (2001) Measurement of residual stresses by hole-drilling strain gage method, Tech Note TN-503-6. Vishay Measurements Group, Raleigh
19.
Lu J (ed) (1996) Handbook of measurement of residual stresses. Fairmont, Lilburn
20.
Rendler NJ, Vigness I (1966) Hole-drilling strain-gage method of measuring residual stresses. Exp Mech 6(12):577–586CrossRef
21.
Wu Z, Lu J, Han B (1998) Study of residual stress distribution by a combined method of moiré interferometry and incremental hole drilling. J Appl Mech 65(4)Part I:837–843, Part II:844–850
22.
Nelson DV, McCrickerd JT (1986) Residual-stress determination through combined use of holographic interferometry and blind-hole drilling. Exp Mech 26(4):371–378CrossRef
23.
McGinnis MJ, Pessiki S, Turker H (2005) Application of three-dimensional digital image correlation to the core-drilling method. Exp Mech 45(4):359–367CrossRef
24.
Grant PV, Lord JD, Whitehead PS (2002) The measurement of residual stresses by the incremental hole drilling technique. Measurement Good Practice Guide, No.53. National Physical Laboratory, UK
25.
ASTM (2008) Standard test method for determining residual stresses by the hole-drilling strain-gage method. Standard test method E837-08. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA
26.
Niku-Lari A, Lu J, Flavenot JF (1985) Measurement of residual-stress distribution by the incremental hole-drilling method. Exp Mech 25(2):175–185CrossRef
27.
Schajer GS (1988) Measurement of non-uniform residual stresses using the hole-drilling method. J Eng Mater Technol 110(4) Part I:338–343, Part II:344–349
28.
Vangi D (1994) Data management for the evaluation of residual stresses by the incremental hole drilling method. J Eng Mater Technol 116(4):561–566CrossRef
29.
Grant P, Lord J, Whitehead P, Fry T (2005) The application of fine increment hole drilling for measuring machining-induced residual stresses. Appl Mech Mater 3–4:105–110CrossRef
30.
Milbradt KP (1951) Ring-method determination of residual stresses. Proc SESA 9(1):63–74
31.
Kiel S (1992) Experimental determination of residual stresses with the ring-core method and an on-line measuring system. Exp Tech 16(5):17–24CrossRef
32.
Ajovalasit A, Petrucci G, Zuccarello B (1996) Determination of non-uniform residual stresses using the ring-core method. J Eng Mater Technol 118(2):224–228CrossRef
33.
Leggatt RH, Smith DJ, Smith SD, Faure F (1996) Development and experimental validation of the deep hole method for residual stress measurement. J Strain Anal 31(3):177–186CrossRef
34.
DeWald AT, Hill MR (2003) Improved data reduction for the deep-hole method of residual stress measurement. J Strain Anal 38(1):65–78CrossRef
35.
Amadei B, Stephansson O (1997) Rock stress and its measurement. Chapman and Hall, London
36.
Prime MB (1999) Residual stress measurement by successive extension of a slot: the crack compliance method. Appl Mech Rev 52(2):75–96CrossRef
37.
Germaud M, Cheng W, Finnie I, Prime MB (1994) The compliance method for measurement of near surface residual stresses—analytical background. J Eng Mater Technol 119(4):550–555CrossRef
38.
Cheng W, Finnie I (2007) Residual stress measurement and the slitting method. Springer, New York
39.
Prime MB, Hill MR (2002) Residual stress, stress relief, and inhomogeneity in aluminum plate. Scr Mater 46(1):77–82CrossRef
40.
Nervi S, Szabó BA (2007) On the estimation of residual stresses by the crack compliance method. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 196(37–40):3577–3584MATHCrossRef
41.
An Y, Schajer GS (2010) Residual stress determination using cross-slitting and dual-axis ESPI. Exp Mech 50(2):169–177CrossRef
42.
Schindler HJ, Cheng W, Finnie I (1997) Experimental determination of stress intensity factors due to residual stresses. Exp Mech 37(3):272–277CrossRef
43.
Prime MB (2001) Cross-sectional mapping of residual stresses by measuring the surface contour after a cut. J Eng Mater Technol 123(2)
44.
Prime MB, Sebring RJ, Edwards JM, Hughes DJ, Webster PJ (2004) Laser surface-contouring and spline data-smoothing for residual stress measurement. Exp Mech 44(2):176–184CrossRef
45.
Kelleher J, Prime MB, Buttle D, Mummery PM, Webster PJ, Shackleton J, Withers PJ (2003) The measurement of residual stress in railway rails by diffraction and other methods. J Neutron Res 11(4):187–193CrossRef
46.
Pagliaro P, Prime MB, Swenson H, Zuccarello B (2010) Measuring multiple residual-stress components using the contour method and multiple cuts. Exp Mech 50(2):187–194CrossRef
47.
DeWald AT, Hill MR (2006) Multi-axial contour method for mapping residual stresses in continuously processed bodies. Exp Mech 46(4):473–490CrossRef
48.
Kartal ME, Liljedahl CDM, Gungor S, Edwards L, Fitzpatrick ME (2008) Determination of the profile of the complete residual stress tensor in a VPPA weld using the multi-axial contour method. Acta Mater 56(16):4417–4428CrossRef
49.
Flaman MT (1982) Brief investigation of induced drilling stresses in the center-hole method of residual-stress measurement. Exp Mech 22(1):26–30CrossRef
50.
Beaney EM (1976) Accurate measurement of residual stress on any steel using the centre hole method. Strain 12(3):99–106CrossRef
51.
Lee HT, Rehbach WP, Hsua FC, Tai TY, Hsua E (2004) The study of EDM hole-drilling method for measuring residual stress in SKD11 tool steel. J Mater Process Technol 149(1–3):88–93CrossRef
52.
McCarthy J, Pei Z, Becker M, Atteridge D (2000) FIB micromachined submicron thickness cantilevers for the study of thin film properties. Thin Solid Films 358(1):146–151CrossRef
53.
Sabaté N, Vogel D, Keller J, Gollhardt A, Marcos J, Gràcia I, Cané C, Michel B (2007) FIB-based technique for stress characterization on thin films for reliability purposes. Microelectron Eng 84(5–8):1783–1787CrossRef
54.
Korsunsky AM, Sebastiani M, Bemporad E (2009) Focused ion beam ring drilling for residual stress evaluation. Mater Lett 63:1961–1963CrossRef
55.
Kang KJ, Yao N, He MY, Evans AG (2003) A method for in situ measurement of the residual stress in thin films by using the focused ion beam. Thin Solid Films 443(1/2):71–77CrossRef
56.
Winiarski B, Langford RM, Tian J, Yokoyama Y, Liaw PK, Withers PJ (2010) Mapping residual stress distributions at the micron scale in amorphous materials. Metall Mater Trans, A. 41
57.
Nelson DV (2010) Residual stress determination by hole drilling combined with optical methods. Exp Mech 50(1):145–158CrossRef
58.
McDonach A, McKelvie J, MacKenzie P, Walker CA (1983) Improved Moiré interferometry and applications in fracture mechanics, residual stress and damaged composites. Exp Tech 7(6):20–24CrossRef
59.
Nicoletto G (1991) Moiré interferometry determination of residual stresses in the presence of gradients. Exp Mech 31(3):252–256CrossRef
60.
Steinzig M, Ponslet E (2003) Residual stress measurement using the hole drilling method and laser speckle interferometry: Part I. Exp Tech 27(3):43–46CrossRef
61.
Montay G, Sicot O, Maras A, Rouhaud E, François M (2009) Two dimensions residual stresses analysis through incremental groove machining combined with electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Exp Mech 49:459–469CrossRef
62.
Sutton MA, McNeill SR, Helm JD, Chao YJ (2000) Advances in two-dimensional and three-dimensional computer vision. Chapter 10. In: Rastogi PK (ed) Photomechanics. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
63.
Hung MYY, Long KW, Wang JQ (1997) Measurement of residual stress by phase shift shearography. Opt Lasers Eng 27(1):61–73CrossRef
64.
Lord JD, Penn D, Whitehead P (2008) The application of digital image correlation for measuring residual stress by incremental hole drilling. Appl Mech Mater 13–14:65–73CrossRef
65.
Parker RL (1994) Geophysical inverse theory. Princeton University Press, New JerseyMATH
66.
Lambert JW (1954) A method of deriving residual stress equations. Proc SESA 12(1):91–96
67.
Bijak-Zochowski M (1978) A semidestructive method of measuring residual stresses. VDI-Berichte 313:469–476
68.
Schajer GS, Prime MB (2006) Use of inverse solutions for residual stress measurements. J Eng Mater Technol 128(3):375–382CrossRef
69.
Schajer GS, Prime MB (2007) Residual stress solution extrapolation for the slitting method using equilibrium constraints. J Eng Mater Technol 129(2):227–232CrossRef
70.
Tikhonov A, Goncharsky A, Stepanov V, Yagola A (1995) Numerical methods for the solution of ill-posed problems. Kluwer, DordrechtMATH
71.
Ueda Y, Fukuda K, Nakacho K, Endo D (1975) A new measuring method of residual stresses with the aid of finite element method and reliability of estimated values. Transactions of the Joining and Welding Research Institute (Osaka University, Japan) 4(2):123–131
72.
Hill MR, Nelson DV (1995) The inherent strain method for residual stress determination and its application to a long welded joint. ASME, PVP, Vol.318. New York, pp 343–352
73.
Mura T (1987) Micromechanics of defects in solids, 2nd edn. Kluwer, Boston
74.
Ueda Y, Fukuda K, Kim YC (1986) New measuring method of axisymmetric three-dimensional residual stresses using inherent strains as parameters. J Eng Mater Technol 108(4):328–334CrossRef
75.
DeWald AT, Hill MR (2009) Eigenstrain-based model for prediction of laser peening residual stresses in arbitrary three-dimensional bodies. J Strain Anal Eng Des 44(1)Part 1:1–11, Part 2:13–27
76.
Beghini M, Bertini L, Raffaeli P (1995) An account of plasticity in the hole-drilling method of residual stress measurement. J Strain Anal 30(3):227–233CrossRef
77.
Nobre JP, Dias AM, Gibmeier J, Kornmeier M (2006) Local stress-ratio criterion for incremental hole-drilling measurements of shot-peening stresses. J Eng Mater Technol 128(2):193–201CrossRef
78.
Beghini M, Bertini L, Santus C (2010) A procedure for evaluating high residual stresses using the blind hole drilling method, including the effect of plasticity. J Strain Anal 45(1):301–318CrossRef
79.
Petrucci G, Zuccarello B (1996) Effect of plasticity on the residual stress measurement using the groove method. Strain 32(3):97–104CrossRef
80.
Mahmoudi AH, Hossain S, Truman CE, Smith DJ, Pavier MJ (2009) A new procedure to measure near yield residual stresses using the deep hole drilling technique. Exp Mech 49(1):97–104
81.
Prime MB (2010) Plasticity effects in incremental slitting measurement of residual stresses. Eng Fract Mech 77(10):1552–1566CrossRef
82.
Focht G, Schiffner K (2003) Determination of residual stresses by an optical correlative hole drilling method. Exp Mech 43(1):97–104CrossRef
83.
Ponslet E, Steinzig M (2003) Residual stress measurement using the hole drilling method and laser speckle interferometry: Part II. Exp Tech 27(4):17–21CrossRef
84.
Baldi A (2005) A new analytical approach for hole drilling RS analysis by full field method. J Eng Mater Technol 127(2):165–169CrossRef
85.
Schajer GS, Steinzig M (2005) Full-field calculation of hole-drilling residual stresses from ESPI data. Exp Mech 45(6):526–532CrossRef
86.
Metadaten
Titel
Relaxation Methods for Measuring Residual Stresses: Techniques and Opportunities
verfasst von
G. S. Schajer
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2010
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Experimental Mechanics / Ausgabe 8/2010
Print ISSN: 0014-4851
Elektronische ISSN: 1741-2765
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-010-9386-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2010

Experimental Mechanics 8/2010 Zur Ausgabe

OriginalPaper

A New Perspective in Adhesion Science and Technology: Testing Dynamic Failure of Adhesive Junctions for Space Applications

OriginalPaper

An Intelligent Hybrid Measurement Method for Steady Temperature Field

OriginalPaper

Recent Applications of Moiré Interferometry

OriginalPaper

Damage of Optical Fibers Under Wet Environments

OriginalPaper

“Equivalent” Electromechanical Coefficient for IPMC Actuator Design Based on Equivalent Bimorph Beam Theory

OriginalPaper

Nano-Pattern Recognition and Correlation Technique for Sub-Nanometer In-Plane Displacement Measurement

Premium Partner

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen. 

    Zur Marktübersicht
    Bildnachweise