Erschienen in:

Open Access 2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

113. Report on Global Environment Competitiveness of Poland

verfasst von : Li Jianping, Li Minrong, Wang Jinnan, Li Jianjian, Su Hongwen, Huang Maoxing

Erschienen in: Report on Global Environmental Competitiveness (2013)

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

Poland is a country in Central Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the north and Germany to the west, by the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, by Ukraine and Belarus to the east, by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast. It covers 304.2 thousand of square kilometers and has a population of 38.53 million. Its GDP reaches $514.50 billion in 2011. Through the index system and evaluation model, the environment competitiveness index of Poland ranks at 38 in 133 countries.

Score: 52.78

Rank: 38

Table 113.1

Score and rank of all indicators of GEC

Indicators	Score	Rank
1 Resource Environment Competitiveness	15.06	88
1.1 Land Resources	23.17	23
Land area per capita	1.40	100
Percentage of arable land to total land area	61.89	13
Arable land per capita	13.48	35
1.2 Water Resources	9.46	95
Surface water	2.17	89
Annual precipitation	20.91	90
Groundwater	5.88	82
Total internal renewable water resources	8.89	83
1.3 Forest Resources	31.80	57
Growing stock in forest and other wooded land	56.21	29
Proportion of land area covered by forest	36.06	60
Forest area per capita	1.69	69
1.4 Energy Resources	4.10	80
Fossil energy	2.05	26
Energy production	1.78	40
Proportion of combustible renewable and waste to total energy consumption	8.02	66
Net energy imports of the energy consumption	8.37	72
2 Ecological Environment Competitiveness	60.07	17
2.1 Biodiversity	58.90	36
Threatened fish species	96.70	20
Threatened mammal species	97.28	22
Threatened plant species	99.53	56
GEF benefits index for biodiversity	0.50	99
2.2 Ecological Safeguard	38.48	25
Terrestrial protected areas	60.60	21
Marine protected areas	5.31	39
2.3 Air Quality	77.13	37
Inhalable particles (PM10)	75.91	75
Particulate matter (PM2.5)	84.86	66
Index of indoor air pollution	100.00	1
Nitrogen oxides emission	62.55	114
Sulfur dioxide emission	37.32	113
3 Environment Carrying Competitiveness	64.88	100
3.1 Agricultural Carrying	69.30	50
Cereal yield per unit of arable land	32.14	60
Fertilizer consumption per unit of arable land	88.31	92
Annual freshwater withdrawals for agriculture per unit of arable land	99.85	26
3.2 Industrial Carrying	90.53	79
Net exports of goods as a percentage of GDP	76.84	85
Electric power consumption per unit of value added of industry	91.68	66
SO₂ emissions per unit of value added of industry	99.72	79
Annual freshwater withdrawals for industry per value added of industry	93.88	96
3.3 Energy Consumption	30.66	115
Energy consumption per unit of land area	99.29	105
Ratio of clean energy consumption	0.57	104
Elasticity of energy consumption	13.15	104
Elasticity of electric power consumption	9.62	100
3.4 Greenhouse Gas	54.00	118
Growth rate of CO₂ emissions	46.13	85
Growth rate of Methane emissions	61.03	47
CO₂ emissions per unit of land area	98.88	114
CO₂ emissions per unit of energy consumption	17.81	119
4 Environment Management Competitiveness	60.75	10
4.1 Environmental Governance	100.00	1
Agricultural chemicals regulation	100.00	1
Percentage of the rural population with access to an improved water source	N/A	N/A
Percentage of the urban population with access to an improved water source	100.00	1
4.2 Ecological Protection	49.61	15
Area of plantation and afforestation	11.52	6
Biome protect	100.00	1
Overfishing of fishing resources	50.00	55
4.3 Resource Utilization	36.37	70
Utilization rate of water resources	0.78	43
Percentage of total internal renewable water resources to total water resources	72.83	56
Percentage of agricultural land to total land area	62.63	45
Percentage of fossil fuel energy consumption to total energy consumption	9.24	100
5 Environment Harmony Competitiveness	63.13	93
5.1 Population and Environment	62.49	112
Percentage of population with access to Improved sanitation facilities	90.00	62
Motor vehicles per 1,000 people	37.53	108
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita	1.68	87
SO₂ emissions per capita	86.33	105
CO₂ emissions per capita	78.44	104
Energy consumption per capita	80.13	85
5.2 Economy and Environment	63.77	76
Land resource utilization efficiency	0.49	28
Sulfur dioxide emissions per unit of GDP	91.62	82
Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP	76.52	98
Energy consumption per unit of GDP	86.46	58

Table 113.2

Rank distribution of the individual indicators of GEC

Sub-index	Number of the individual indicators	Rank 1–10	Rank 11–30	Rank 31–60	Rank 61–100	Rank 101–133
Resource Environment Competitiveness	14	0	4	3	7	0
Ecological Environment Competitiveness	11	1	4	3	2	1
Environment Carrying Competitiveness	15	0	0	3	6	6
Environment Management Competitiveness	10	4	1	3	1	0
Environment Harmony Competitiveness	10	0	1	0	5	4
Total	60	5	10	12	21	11

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Abstract