Erschienen in:

Open Access 2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

144. Report on Global Environment Competitiveness of Venezuela

verfasst von : Li Jianping, Li Minrong, Wang Jinnan, Li Jianjian, Su Hongwen, Huang Maoxing

Erschienen in: Report on Global Environmental Competitiveness (2013)

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

Venezuela, RB is located in northern South America countries. It covers 916,400 square kilometres and borders Columbia to the west, Caribbean to the north, Brazil to the south and Guyana to the east. It covers 882.1 thousand of square kilometers and has a population of 29.28 million. Its GDP reaches $316.48 billion in 2011. Through the index system and evaluation model, the environment competitiveness index of Venezuela ranks at 12in 133 countries.

Score: 55.82

Rank: 12

Table 144.1

Score and rank of all indicators of GEC

Indicators	Score	Rank
1 Resource Environment Competitiveness	23.93	25
1.1 Land Resources	4.86	122
Land area per capita	5.41	37
Percentage of arable land to total land area	4.84	112
Arable land per capita	4.15	102
1.2 Water Resources	33.22	30
Surface water	14.82	19
Annual precipitation	55.24	27
Groundwater	31.53	25
Total internal renewable water resources	31.29	38
1.3 Forest Resources	39.59	26
Growing stock in forest and other wooded land	N/A	N/A
Proportion of land area covered by forest	61.06	15
Forest area per capita	10.95	22
1.4 Energy Resources	16.91	25
Fossil energy	31.62	6
Energy production	6.75	16
Proportion of combustible renewable and waste to total energy consumption	1.33	103
Net energy imports of the energy consumption	32.00	15
2 Ecological Environment Competitiveness	68.75	4
2.1 Biodiversity	62.36	10
Threatened fish species	82.55	88
Threatened mammal species	82.61	110
Threatened plant species	96.03	100
GEF benefits index for biodiversity	25.30	15
2.2 Ecological Safeguard	68.07	6
Terrestrial protected areas	100.00	1
Marine protected areas	20.19	17
2.3 Air Quality	74.04	41
Inhalable particles (PM10)	92.70	5
Particulate matter (PM2.5)	87.12	54
Index of indoor air pollution	N/A	N/A
Nitrogen oxides emission	65.82	95
Sulfur dioxide emission	39.94	91
3 Environment Carrying Competitiveness	68.20	53
3.1 Agricultural Carrying	71.00	41
Cereal yield per unit of arable land	41.38	39
Fertilizer consumption per unit of arable land	83.81	105
Annual freshwater withdrawals for agriculture per unit of arable land	97.67	74
3.2 Industrial Carrying	94.49	25
Net exports of goods as a percentage of GDP	81.71	65
Electric power consumption per unit of value added of industry	96.85	19
SO₂ emissions per unit of value added of industry	99.95	28
Annual freshwater withdrawals for industry per value added of industry	99.43	25
3.3 Energy Consumption	35.82	40
Energy consumption per unit of land area	99.82	60
Ratio of clean energy consumption	19.71	33
Elasticity of energy consumption	13.54	92
Elasticity of electric power consumption	10.21	85
3.4 Greenhouse Gas	56.98	106
Growth rate of CO₂ emissions	40.47	107
Growth rate of Methane emissions	68.21	14
CO₂ emissions per unit of land area	99.77	70
CO₂ emissions per unit of energy consumption	35.96	85
4 Environment Management Competitiveness	46.64	86
4.1 Environmental Governance	0.00	131
Agricultural chemicals regulation	N/A	N/A
Percentage of the rural population with access to an improved water source	N/A	N/A
Percentage of the urban population with access to an improved water source	N/A	N/A
4.2 Ecological Protection	64.71	8
Area of plantation and afforestation	N/A	N/A
Biome protect	100.00	1
Overfishing of fishing resources	29.41	89
4.3 Resource Utilization	22.56	122
Utilization rate of water resources	0.03	117
Percentage of total internal renewable water resources to total water resources	50.24	87
Percentage of agricultural land to total land area	28.68	105
Percentage of fossil fuel energy consumption to total energy consumption	11.31	94
5 Environment Harmony Competitiveness	71.57	26
5.1 Population and Environment	77.76	29
Percentage of population with access to Improved sanitation facilities	91.00	58
Motor vehicles per 1,000 people	82.10	70
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita	29.85	14
SO₂ emissions per capita	94.81	73
CO₂ emissions per capita	82.89	93
Energy consumption per capita	80.04	86
5.2 Economy and Environment	65.38	66
Land resource utilization efficiency	0.10	64
Sulfur dioxide emissions per unit of GDP	96.44	49
Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP	79.72	92
Energy consumption per unit of GDP	85.27	64

Table 144.2

Rank distribution of the individual indicators of GEC

Sub-index	Number of the individual indicators	Rank 1–10	Rank 11–30	Rank 31–60	Rank 61–100	Rank 101–133
Resource Environment Competitiveness	14	1	8	1	0	3
Ecological Environment Competitiveness	11	4	0	2	3	1
Environment Carrying Competitiveness	15	0	4	5	3	3
Environment Management Competitiveness	10	2	0	0	1	4
Environment Harmony Competitiveness	10	0	2	2	6	0
Total	60	7	14	10	13	11

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Abstract