Erschienen in:

Open Access 2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

145. Report on Global Environment Competitiveness of Vietnam

verfasst von : Li Jianping, Li Minrong, Wang Jinnan, Li Jianjian, Su Hongwen, Huang Maoxing

Erschienen in: Report on Global Environmental Competitiveness (2013)

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

Vietnam is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. The country is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east. It covers 310.1 thousand of square kilometers and has a population of 87.84 million. Its GDP reaches $123.60 billion in 2011. Through the index system and evaluation model, the environment competitiveness index of Vietnam ranks at 101 in 133 countries.

Score: 46.78

Rank: 101

Table 145.1

Score and rank of all indicators of GEC

Indicators	Score	Rank
1 Resource Environment Competitiveness	26.18	19
1.1 Land Resources	11.93	72
Land area per capita	0.61	119
Percentage of arable land to total land area	35.48	38
Arable land per capita	3.46	111
1.2 Water Resources	46.76	14
Surface water	29.51	2
Annual precipitation	65.91	17
Groundwater	33.15	21
Total internal renewable water resources	58.46	15
1.3 Forest Resources	37.19	34
Growing stock in forest and other wooded land	52.64	45
Proportion of land area covered by forest	52.66	25
Forest area per capita	1.11	82
1.4 Energy Resources	7.75	52
Fossil energy	0.16	52
Energy production	0.77	70
Proportion of combustible renewable and waste to total energy consumption	26.60	33
Net energy imports of the energy consumption	14.12	40
2 Ecological Environment Competitiveness	35.22	126
2.1 Biodiversity	51.17	127
Threatened fish species	67.92	116
Threatened mammal species	70.65	123
Threatened plant species	93.06	110
GEF benefits index for biodiversity	12.10	27
2.2 Ecological Safeguard	10.80	97
Terrestrial protected areas	16.58	89
Marine protected areas	2.12	62
2.3 Air Quality	41.57	121
Inhalable particles (PM10)	60.58	102
Particulate matter (PM2.5)	58.63	123
Index of indoor air pollution	7.10	101
Nitrogen oxides emission	64.08	105
Sulfur dioxide emission	39.91	92
3 Environment Carrying Competitiveness	60.81	121
3.1 Agricultural Carrying	66.37	66
Cereal yield per unit of arable land	54.05	23
Fertilizer consumption per unit of arable land	67.45	120
Annual freshwater withdrawals for agriculture per unit of arable land	81.73	119
3.2 Industrial Carrying	82.09	120
Net exports of goods as a percentage of GDP	50.29	125
Electric power consumption per unit of value added of industry	85.44	103
SO₂ emissions per unit of value added of industry	99.78	72
Annual freshwater withdrawals for industry per value added of industry	92.87	104
3.3 Energy Consumption	31.69	93
Energy consumption per unit of land area	99.60	89
Ratio of clean energy consumption	6.87	62
Elasticity of energy consumption	12.85	112
Elasticity of electric power consumption	7.44	115
3.4 Greenhouse Gas	49.66	126
Growth rate of CO₂ emissions	26.57	126
Growth rate of Methane emissions	54.58	89
CO₂ emissions per unit of land area	99.53	94
CO₂ emissions per unit of energy consumption	41.06	67
4 Environment Management Competitiveness	47.02	85
4.1 Environmental Governance	89.98	62
Agricultural chemicals regulation	80.95	53
Percentage of the rural population with access to an improved water source	93.00	51
Percentage of the urban population with access to an improved water source	99.00	51
4.2 Ecological Protection	29.33	84
Area of plantation and afforestation	4.55	14
Biome protect	36.60	90
Overfishing of fishing resources	55.09	46
4.3 Resource Utilization	27.64	108
Utilization rate of water resources	0.37	62
Percentage of total internal renewable water resources to total water resources	39.10	99
Percentage of agricultural land to total land area	39.16	92
Percentage of fossil fuel energy consumption to total energy consumption	31.94	50
5 Environment Harmony Competitiveness	64.68	89
5.1 Population and Environment	78.97	20
Percentage of population with access to Improved sanitation facilities	75.00	83
Motor vehicles per 1,000 people	98.64	14
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita	4.95	53
SO₂ emissions per capita	98.24	35
CO₂ emissions per capita	96.04	48
Energy consumption per capita	95.74	33
5.2 Economy and Environment	50.38	111
Land resource utilization efficiency	0.12	61
Sulfur dioxide emissions per unit of GDP	89.03	91
Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP	53.29	125
Energy consumption per unit of GDP	59.10	114

Table 145.2

Rank distribution of the individual indicators of GEC

Sub-index	Number of the individual indicators	Rank 1–10	Rank 11–30	Rank 31–60	Rank 61–100	Rank 101–133
Resource Environment Competitiveness	14	1	4	6	2	1
Ecological Environment Competitiveness	11	0	0	0	2	9
Environment Carrying Competitiveness	15	0	1	0	7	7
Environment Management Competitiveness	10	0	1	2	6	1
Environment Harmony Competitiveness	10	0	2	3	3	2
Total	60	1	8	11	20	20

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Abstract