Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

28. Research Needs Towards a Resilient Community

Vulnerability Reduction, Infrastructural Systems Model, Loss Assessment, Resilience-Based Design and Emergency Management

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Most of the literature on resilience is devoted to its assessment. It seems time to move from analysis to design, to develop the tools needed to enhance resilience. Resilience enhancement, a close relative of the less fashionable risk mitigation, adds to the latter, at least in the general perception, a systemic dimension. Resilience is often paired with community, and the latter is a system. This chapter therefore discusses strategies to enhance resilience, endorses one of prevention rather than cure, and focuses in the remainder on the role played by systemic analysis, i.e. the analysis of the built environment modelled beyond a simple collection of physical assets, with due care to the associated interdependencies. Research needs are identified and include challenges in network modelling, the replacement of generic fragility curves for components, how to deal with evolving state of information.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
The reader is warned that what follow are amateurish economic considerations.
 
2
A system is a dynamic entity comprising a collection of interacting components assembled to perform an intended function. As such, a community can be described as a system, albeit an incredibly large and multi-faceted one. It is a complex dynamic system of people and organizations with relationships and interactions. Most of these relationships and interactions are physically supported by the community’s built environment, which plays a crucial role in enabling a community to successfully function: it provides the physical foundations for much of the economic and social activities that characterize a modern society. Natural and man-made hazards can damage the built environment, thus disrupting the security, economy, safety, health, and welfare of the public. In response, regulatory frameworks were developed and implemented to ensure minimum levels of performance for individual parts of the built environment.
 
3
This chapter is not a state-of-the-art on either resilience or the assessment of infrastructural systems, but, rather, a point of view on some research gaps in the field. For this reason, only a subjective, partial selection of examples is given here, before focusing from the next section on the framework developed by the author and co-workers.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Bensi M, Der Kiureghian A, Straub D (2013) Efficient Bayesian network modelling of systems. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 112:200–213CrossRef Bensi M, Der Kiureghian A, Straub D (2013) Efficient Bayesian network modelling of systems. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 112:200–213CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bocchini P, Frangopol DM, Ummenhofer T, Zinke T (2014) Resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure: toward a unified approach. J Infrastruct Syst 20(2)CrossRef Bocchini P, Frangopol DM, Ummenhofer T, Zinke T (2014) Resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure: toward a unified approach. J Infrastruct Syst 20(2)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bommer JJ, Crowley H (2006) The influence of ground-motion variability in earthquake loss modelling. Bull Earthq Eng 4(3):231–248CrossRef Bommer JJ, Crowley H (2006) The influence of ground-motion variability in earthquake loss modelling. Bull Earthq Eng 4(3):231–248CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Borzi B, Ceresa P, Franchin P, Noto F, Calvi GM, Pinto PE (2015) Seismic vulnerability of the Italian roadway bridge stock. Earthquake Spectra 31(4):2137–2161CrossRef Borzi B, Ceresa P, Franchin P, Noto F, Calvi GM, Pinto PE (2015) Seismic vulnerability of the Italian roadway bridge stock. Earthquake Spectra 31(4):2137–2161CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bruneau M, Chang SE, Eguchi RT, Lee GC, O'Rourke TD, Reinhorn AM et al (2003) A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthquake Spectra 19(4):733–752CrossRef Bruneau M, Chang SE, Eguchi RT, Lee GC, O'Rourke TD, Reinhorn AM et al (2003) A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthquake Spectra 19(4):733–752CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Calvi GM, Spaziante V (2009) Reconstruction between temporary and definitive: the CASE project. Progettazione Sismica, 03/English, 2009, pp 221–250 Calvi GM, Spaziante V (2009) Reconstruction between temporary and definitive: the CASE project. Progettazione Sismica, 03/English, 2009, pp 221–250
Zurück zum Zitat Carpentier J (1962) Contribution á l’étude du dispatching économique. Bulletin de la Société Française des Électriciens 3(8):431–447 Carpentier J (1962) Contribution á l’étude du dispatching économique. Bulletin de la Société Française des Électriciens 3(8):431–447
Zurück zum Zitat Cavalieri F (2017) Steady-state flow computation in gas distribution networks with multiple pressure levels. Energy 121:781–791CrossRef Cavalieri F (2017) Steady-state flow computation in gas distribution networks with multiple pressure levels. Energy 121:781–791CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Buriticá Cortés JA, Tesfamariam S (2014a) Models for seismic vulnerability analysis of power networks: comparative assessment. Comput Aided Civ Inf Eng 29(8):590–607 Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Buriticá Cortés JA, Tesfamariam S (2014a) Models for seismic vulnerability analysis of power networks: comparative assessment. Comput Aided Civ Inf Eng 29(8):590–607
Zurück zum Zitat Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Pinto PE (2014) Chapter: Application to selected transportation and electric networks in Italy. In: Pitilakis K, Franchin P, Khazai B, Wenzel H (eds) SYNER-G: systemic seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex urban, utility, lifeline systems and critical facilities, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 331–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8835-9_11. Online ISBN: 978-94-017-8835-9 Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Pinto PE (2014) Chapter: Application to selected transportation and electric networks in Italy. In: Pitilakis K, Franchin P, Khazai B, Wenzel H (eds) SYNER-G: systemic seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex urban, utility, lifeline systems and critical facilities, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 331–346. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-94-017-8835-9_​11. Online ISBN: 978-94-017-8835-9
Zurück zum Zitat Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Gehl P, Khazai B (2012) Quantitative assessment of social losses based on physical damage and interaction with infrastructural systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 41(11):1569–1589CrossRef Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Gehl P, Khazai B (2012) Quantitative assessment of social losses based on physical damage and interaction with infrastructural systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 41(11):1569–1589CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Giovinazzi S (2016) Earthquake-altered flooding hazard induced by damage to storm water systems. Sustain Resilient Infrastruct 1(1–2):14–31CrossRef Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Giovinazzi S (2016) Earthquake-altered flooding hazard induced by damage to storm water systems. Sustain Resilient Infrastruct 1(1–2):14–31CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Gehl P, D’Ayala D (2017) Bayesian networks and infrastructure systems: computational and methodological challenges. In: Risk and reliability analysis: theory and applications. Springer, Cham, pp 385–415 Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Gehl P, D’Ayala D (2017) Bayesian networks and infrastructure systems: computational and methodological challenges. In: Risk and reliability analysis: theory and applications. Springer, Cham, pp 385–415
Zurück zum Zitat Chang SE, Shinozuka M, Moore JE II (2000) Probabilistic earthquake scenarios: extending risk analysis methodologies to spatially distributed systems. Earthquake Spectra 16(3):557–572CrossRef Chang SE, Shinozuka M, Moore JE II (2000) Probabilistic earthquake scenarios: extending risk analysis methodologies to spatially distributed systems. Earthquake Spectra 16(3):557–572CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cho S, Gordon P, Moore JE II, Richardson HW, Shinozuka M, Chang S (2001) Integrating transportation network and regional economic models to estimate the cost of a large urban earthquake. J Reg Sci 41(1):39–65CrossRef Cho S, Gordon P, Moore JE II, Richardson HW, Shinozuka M, Chang S (2001) Integrating transportation network and regional economic models to estimate the cost of a large urban earthquake. J Reg Sci 41(1):39–65CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cho S, Murachi Y, Fan Y, Shinozuka M (2004) Transportation network simulation for dynamic origin-destination matrix under earthquake damage (Paper 1697). In: Proceedings of 13th world conference on earthquake engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada Cho S, Murachi Y, Fan Y, Shinozuka M (2004) Transportation network simulation for dynamic origin-destination matrix under earthquake damage (Paper 1697). In: Proceedings of 13th world conference on earthquake engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Zurück zum Zitat Cimellaro GP, Reinhorn AM, Bruneau M (2010) Framework for analytical quantification of disaster resilience. Eng Struct 32(11):3639–3649CrossRef Cimellaro GP, Reinhorn AM, Bruneau M (2010) Framework for analytical quantification of disaster resilience. Eng Struct 32(11):3639–3649CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Crowley H, Polidoro B, Pinho R, van Elk J (2017) Framework for developing fragility and consequence models for local personal risk. Earthquake Spectra 33(4):1325–1345CrossRef Crowley H, Polidoro B, Pinho R, van Elk J (2017) Framework for developing fragility and consequence models for local personal risk. Earthquake Spectra 33(4):1325–1345CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dolce M (2017) Reduction of vulnerability (and risk), development of guidelines - optimised use of resources for the reduction of seismic risk while improving energy performance. Kick off meeting Italian Department of Civil Protection and EC Joint Research Centre, Rome, Italy, June 1st 2017 Dolce M (2017) Reduction of vulnerability (and risk), development of guidelines - optimised use of resources for the reduction of seismic risk while improving energy performance. Kick off meeting Italian Department of Civil Protection and EC Joint Research Centre, Rome, Italy, June 1st 2017
Zurück zum Zitat Dolce M (2018) The 2016–2017 Central Apennines seismic sequence: analogies and differences with recent Italian earthquakes. In: Pitilakis K (ed) Recent advances in earthquake engineering in Europe. Springer, Cham, pp 603–639 Dolce M (2018) The 2016–2017 Central Apennines seismic sequence: analogies and differences with recent Italian earthquakes. In: Pitilakis K (ed) Recent advances in earthquake engineering in Europe. Springer, Cham, pp 603–639
Zurück zum Zitat Dueñas-Osorio L, Craig JI, Goodno BJ (2007) Seismic response of critical interdependent networks. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 36(2):285–306CrossRef Dueñas-Osorio L, Craig JI, Goodno BJ (2007) Seismic response of critical interdependent networks. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 36(2):285–306CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fardis MN (2018) Practical modelling of RC structures for displacement-based evaluation: toward the second generation of EN-Eurocode 8 and beyond. In: Pitilakis K (ed) Recent advances in earthquake engineering in Europe. Springer, Cham, pp 101–123 Fardis MN (2018) Practical modelling of RC structures for displacement-based evaluation: toward the second generation of EN-Eurocode 8 and beyond. In: Pitilakis K (ed) Recent advances in earthquake engineering in Europe. Springer, Cham, pp 101–123
Zurück zum Zitat Franchin P (2014) A computational framework for systemic seismic risk analysis of civil infrastructural systems. In: Pitilakis K, Franchin P, Khazai B (eds) SYNER-G: systemic seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex urban, utility, lifeline systems and critical facilities, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 23–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8835-9_2 Franchin P (2014) A computational framework for systemic seismic risk analysis of civil infrastructural systems. In: Pitilakis K, Franchin P, Khazai B (eds) SYNER-G: systemic seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex urban, utility, lifeline systems and critical facilities, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 23–56. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-94-017-8835-9_​2
Zurück zum Zitat Franchin P, Cavalieri F (2013) Seismic vulnerability analysis of a complex interconnected civil infrastructure. In: Tesfamariam S, Goda K (eds) Handbook of seismic risk analysis and Management of civil infrastructure systems. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge, pp 465–513. ISBN 0-85709-268-5CrossRef Franchin P, Cavalieri F (2013) Seismic vulnerability analysis of a complex interconnected civil infrastructure. In: Tesfamariam S, Goda K (eds) Handbook of seismic risk analysis and Management of civil infrastructure systems. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge, pp 465–513. ISBN 0-85709-268-5CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Franchin P, Cavalieri F (2015) Probabilistic assessment of civil infrastructure resilience to earthquakes. Comput Aided Civ Inf Eng 30(7):583–600CrossRef Franchin P, Cavalieri F (2015) Probabilistic assessment of civil infrastructure resilience to earthquakes. Comput Aided Civ Inf Eng 30(7):583–600CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Franchin P, Lupoi A, Noto F, Tesfamariam S (2016) Seismic fragility of reinforced concrete girder bridges using Bayesian belief network. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 45(1):29–44CrossRef Franchin P, Lupoi A, Noto F, Tesfamariam S (2016) Seismic fragility of reinforced concrete girder bridges using Bayesian belief network. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 45(1):29–44CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Franchin P, Pinto PE (2009) Allowing traffic over mainshock-damaged bridges. J Earthq Eng 13(5):585–599CrossRef Franchin P, Pinto PE (2009) Allowing traffic over mainshock-damaged bridges. J Earthq Eng 13(5):585–599CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gehl P, Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Negulescu C (2017) Robustness of a hybrid simulation-based/Bayesian approach for the risk assessment of a real-world road network. In: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on structural safety and reliability Gehl P, Cavalieri F, Franchin P, Negulescu C (2017) Robustness of a hybrid simulation-based/Bayesian approach for the risk assessment of a real-world road network. In: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on structural safety and reliability
Zurück zum Zitat Iervolino I (2018) What seismic risk we do design for when we design buildings? In: Pitilakis K (ed) Recent advances in earthquake engineering in Europe. Springer, Cham, pp 583–602 Iervolino I (2018) What seismic risk we do design for when we design buildings? In: Pitilakis K (ed) Recent advances in earthquake engineering in Europe. Springer, Cham, pp 583–602
Zurück zum Zitat Iervolino I, Giorgio M, Polidoro B (2014) Sequence-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Am 104(2):1006–1012CrossRef Iervolino I, Giorgio M, Polidoro B (2014) Sequence-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Am 104(2):1006–1012CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jayaram N, Baker JW (2009) Correlation model for spatially distributed ground-motion intensities. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 38(15):1687–1708CrossRef Jayaram N, Baker JW (2009) Correlation model for spatially distributed ground-motion intensities. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 38(15):1687–1708CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jayaram N, Baker JW (2010) Efficient sampling and data reduction techniques for probabilistic seismic lifeline risk assessment. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 39(10):1109–1131 Jayaram N, Baker JW (2010) Efficient sampling and data reduction techniques for probabilistic seismic lifeline risk assessment. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 39(10):1109–1131
Zurück zum Zitat Nielsen TD, Jensen FV (2009) Bayesian networks and decision graphs. Springer Science & Business Media, New YorkMATH Nielsen TD, Jensen FV (2009) Bayesian networks and decision graphs. Springer Science & Business Media, New YorkMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Karaca E (2005) Regional earthquake loss estimation: role of transportation network, sensitivity and uncertainty, and risk mitigation. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Karaca E (2005) Regional earthquake loss estimation: role of transportation network, sensitivity and uncertainty, and risk mitigation. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Zurück zum Zitat Lin P, Wang N, Ellingwood BR (2016) A risk de-aggregation framework that relates community resilience goals to building performance objectives. Sustain Resilient Infrastruct 1(1–2):1–13CrossRef Lin P, Wang N, Ellingwood BR (2016) A risk de-aggregation framework that relates community resilience goals to building performance objectives. Sustain Resilient Infrastruct 1(1–2):1–13CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Meadows D, Randers J, Meadows D (2004) Limits to growth: the 30-year update. Chelsea Green Publishing, White River Junction Meadows D, Randers J, Meadows D (2004) Limits to growth: the 30-year update. Chelsea Green Publishing, White River Junction
Zurück zum Zitat Mieler MW, Stojadinovic B, Budnitz RJ, Mahin SA, Comerio MC (2013) Toward resilient communities: a performance-based engineering framework for design and evaluation of the built environment (PEER Report 2013/19). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley Mieler MW, Stojadinovic B, Budnitz RJ, Mahin SA, Comerio MC (2013) Toward resilient communities: a performance-based engineering framework for design and evaluation of the built environment (PEER Report 2013/19). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley
Zurück zum Zitat Mieler MW, Stojadinovic B, Budnitz R, Comerio M, Mahin S (2015) A framework for linking community-resilience goals to specific performance targets for the built environment. Earthquake Spectra 31(3):1267–1283CrossRef Mieler MW, Stojadinovic B, Budnitz R, Comerio M, Mahin S (2015) A framework for linking community-resilience goals to specific performance targets for the built environment. Earthquake Spectra 31(3):1267–1283CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Newell J, Beaven S, Johnston DM (2012) Population movements following the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes: summary of research workshops November 2011 and current evidence, GNS Miscellaneous Series 44. 23 p + Appendix C Newell J, Beaven S, Johnston DM (2012) Population movements following the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes: summary of research workshops November 2011 and current evidence, GNS Miscellaneous Series 44. 23 p + Appendix C
Zurück zum Zitat NIBS (National Institute of Building Sciences) (1999) Earthquake loss estimation methodology: HAZUS99 (SR2). Technical manual, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC. http://www.fema.gov/hazus NIBS (National Institute of Building Sciences) (1999) Earthquake loss estimation methodology: HAZUS99 (SR2). Technical manual, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC. http://​www.​fema.​gov/​hazus
Zurück zum Zitat Pitilakis K, Crowley H, Kaynia AM (2014a) SYNER-G: typology definition and fragility functions for physical elements at seismic risk, Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, 27. Springer, DordrechtCrossRef Pitilakis K, Crowley H, Kaynia AM (2014a) SYNER-G: typology definition and fragility functions for physical elements at seismic risk, Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, 27. Springer, DordrechtCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pitilakis K, Franchin P, Khazai B, Wenzel H (eds) (2014b) SYNER-G: systemic seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex urban, utility, lifeline systems and critical facilities: methodology and applications, vol 31. Springer, Dordrech Pitilakis K, Franchin P, Khazai B, Wenzel H (eds) (2014b) SYNER-G: systemic seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex urban, utility, lifeline systems and critical facilities: methodology and applications, vol 31. Springer, Dordrech
Zurück zum Zitat Poljanšek K, Bono F, Gutiérrez E (2012) Seismic risk assessment of interdependent critical infrastructure systems: the case of European gas and electricity networks. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 41(1):61–79CrossRef Poljanšek K, Bono F, Gutiérrez E (2012) Seismic risk assessment of interdependent critical infrastructure systems: the case of European gas and electricity networks. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 41(1):61–79CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shinozuka M, Murachi Y, Dong X, Zhou Y, Orlikowski MJ (2003) Effect of seismic retrofit of bridges on transportation networks. Earthq Eng Eng Vib 2(2):169–179CrossRef Shinozuka M, Murachi Y, Dong X, Zhou Y, Orlikowski MJ (2003) Effect of seismic retrofit of bridges on transportation networks. Earthq Eng Eng Vib 2(2):169–179CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sun L, Didier M, Delé E, Stojadinovic B (2015) Probabilistic demand and supply resilience model for electric power supply system under seismic hazard. In: 12th international conference on applications of statistics and probability in civil engineering, ICASP12 Vancouver, Canada, July 12–15, 2015 Sun L, Didier M, Delé E, Stojadinovic B (2015) Probabilistic demand and supply resilience model for electric power supply system under seismic hazard. In: 12th international conference on applications of statistics and probability in civil engineering, ICASP12 Vancouver, Canada, July 12–15, 2015
Zurück zum Zitat Vamvatsikos D (2017) Performance-based seismic design in real life: the good, the bad and the ugly. Atti del XVII Convegno ANIDIS L’ingegneria Sismica in Italia, 17–24 Vamvatsikos D (2017) Performance-based seismic design in real life: the good, the bad and the ugly. Atti del XVII Convegno ANIDIS L’ingegneria Sismica in Italia, 17–24
Zurück zum Zitat Vamvatsikos D, Kazantzi AK, Aschheim MA (2015) Performance-based seismic design: avant-garde and code-compatible approaches. ASCE-ASME J Risk Uncertain Eng Syst Part A Civil Eng 2(2):C4015008CrossRef Vamvatsikos D, Kazantzi AK, Aschheim MA (2015) Performance-based seismic design: avant-garde and code-compatible approaches. ASCE-ASME J Risk Uncertain Eng Syst Part A Civil Eng 2(2):C4015008CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vanzi I (1996) Seismic reliability of electric power networks: methodology and application. Struct Saf 18:311–327CrossRef Vanzi I (1996) Seismic reliability of electric power networks: methodology and application. Struct Saf 18:311–327CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Veneziano D, Casciati F, Faravelli L (1983) Method of seismic fragility for complicated systems. In: Proceeding of the 2nd Committee of Safety of Nuclear Installation (CNSI). Specialist meeting on probabilistic methods in seismic risk assessment for nuclear power plants, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, CA Veneziano D, Casciati F, Faravelli L (1983) Method of seismic fragility for complicated systems. In: Proceeding of the 2nd Committee of Safety of Nuclear Installation (CNSI). Specialist meeting on probabilistic methods in seismic risk assessment for nuclear power plants, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, CA
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Au S-K, Fu Q (2010) Seismic risk assessment and mitigation of water supply systems. Earthquake Spectra 26(1):257–274CrossRef Wang Y, Au S-K, Fu Q (2010) Seismic risk assessment and mitigation of water supply systems. Earthquake Spectra 26(1):257–274CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weatherill G, Esposito S, Iervolino I, Franchin P, Cavalieri F (2014) Framework for seismic hazard analysis of spatially distributed systems. In: SYNER-G: systemic seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex urban, utility, lifeline systems and critical facilities. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 57–88 Weatherill G, Esposito S, Iervolino I, Franchin P, Cavalieri F (2014) Framework for seismic hazard analysis of spatially distributed systems. In: SYNER-G: systemic seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex urban, utility, lifeline systems and critical facilities. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 57–88
Metadaten
Titel
Research Needs Towards a Resilient Community
verfasst von
Paolo Franchin
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75741-4_28