nach oben

Erschienen in:

2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Resin Transfer Molding Process: Fundamentals, Numerical Computation and Experiments

verfasst von : Felipe Ferreira Luz, Sandro Campos Amico, Jeferson Ávila Souza, Enivaldo Santos Barbosa, Antonio Gilson Barbosa de Lima

Erschienen in: Numerical Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is one of the most widely known composite manufacturing technique of the liquid molding family, being extensively studied and used to obtain advanced composite materials comprised of fibers embedded in a thermoset polymer matrix. The fibrous reinforcement is considered a porous medium regarding its infiltration by the polymer resin. In this sense, this chapter aims to briefly discuss multiphase flow and heat transfer theory in RTM process, focusing on a multifluid model and the Control Volume/Finite Element (CV/FE) method. Finally, computational analysis was developed on the basis of ANSYS CFX^® and PAM-RTM commercial software’s for the investigation of the fluid flow in RTM composite molding. In order to show the versatility and performance of the commercial codes, RTM experiments were carried under distinct injection pressure and fiber volume fraction conditions using plain-weave glass fiber cloth as the porous media. The transient numerical simulations provided information about volume fraction, pressure and velocity distribution of the phases (resin and air) inside the porous media.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Transient Diffusion in Arbitrary Shape Porous Bodies: Numerical Analysis Using Boundary-Fitted Coordinates

Nächstes Kapitel Thermal Dispersion in High-Conductivity Porous Media

Military Handbook—MIL-HDBK-17-1F: Composite Materials Handbook, vol. 1—Polymer Matrix Composites Guidelines for Characterization of Structural Materials. U.S. Department of Defense (2002)

Gay, D., Suong, V.H., Tsai, S.W.: Composite Materials: Design and Applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2003)

Liu, K., Takagi, H., Osugi, R., Yang, Z.: Effect of physicochemical structure of natural fiber on transverse thermal conductivity of unidirectional abaca/bamboo fiber composites. Compos. Part A (2012, in press)

Asaad, J.N., Tawfik, S.Y.: Polymeric composites based on polystyrene and cement dust wastes. Mater. Des. 32, 5113–5119 (2011)CrossRef

Gamstedt, E.K., Sandell, R., Berthold, F., Pettersson, T., Nordgren, N.: Characterization of interfacial stress transfer ability of particulate cellulose composite materials. Mech. Mater. 43, 693–704 (2011)CrossRef

Morren, G., Bottiglieri, M., Bossuyt, S., Sol, H., Lecompte, D., Verleye, B., Lomov, S.V.: A reference specimen for permeability measurements of fibrous reinforcements for RTM. Compos. Part A 40, 244–250 (2009)CrossRef

Potter, K.D.: The early history of the resin transfer moulding process for aerospace applications. Compos. Part A 30, 619–621 (1999)CrossRef

Lawrence, J., Simacek, P., Advani, S.: New advances in modeling and simulation of liquid composite molding processes. In: Proceedings of the International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, pp. 1–12, Long Beach (2006)

Haider, M., Hubert, P., Lessard, L.: An experimental investigation of class a surface finish of composites made by the resin transfer molding process. Compos. Sci. Techol. 67, 3176–3186 (2007)CrossRef

10.

Rudd, C.D., Lac, K.N., Mangin, C.G.E.: Liquid moulding, structural reaction injection moulding and related processing techniques. Woodhead Publishing Limited, UK (1997)

11.

He, F., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Wan, Y.: Preparation and mechanical properties of 3-D braided glass fiber reinforced light-cured resin composites. Mater. Lett. 60, 3339–3341 (2006)CrossRef

12.

Leclerc, J.S., Ruiz, E.: Porosity reduction using optimized flow velocity in resin transfer molding. Compos. Part A 39, 1859–1868 (2008)CrossRef

13.

Li, J., Zhang, C., Liang, R., Wang, B.: Statistical characterization and robust design of RTM processes. Compos. Part A 36, 564–580 (2005)CrossRef

14.

Gourichon, B., Deléglise, M., Binetruy, C., Krawczak, P.: Dynamic void content prediction during radial injection in liquid composite molding. Compos. Part A 39, 46–55 (2008)CrossRef

15.

Gokce, A., Chohra, M., Advani, S.G., Walsh, S.M.: Permeability estimation algorithm to simultaneously characterize the distribution media and the fabric preform in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. Compos. Sci. Techol. 65, 2129–2139 (2005)CrossRef

16.

Han, K., Jiang, S., Zhang, C., Wang, B.: Flow modeling and simulation of SCRIMP for composites manufacturing. Compos. Part A 31, 79–86 (2000)CrossRef

17.

Hoes, K., Dinescu, D., Sol, H., Vanheule, M., Parnas, R.S., Luo, Y., Verpoest, I.: Compos. Part A 33, 959–969 (2002)CrossRef

18.

Matsuzaki, R., Kobayashi, S., Todoroki, A., Mizutani, A.: Full-field monitoring of resin flow using an area-sensor array in a VaRTM process. Compos. Part A 42, 550–559 (2011)CrossRef

19.

Grujicic, M., Chittajallu, K.M., Walsh, S.: Non-isothermal preform infiltration during the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Appl. Surf. Sci. 245, 51–64 (2005)CrossRef

20.

Correia, N.C., Robitaille, F., Long, A.C., Rudd, C.D., Simacek, P., Advani, S.G.: Analysis of the vacuum infusion moulding process: I. Analytical formulation. Compos. Part A 36, 1645–1656 (2005)CrossRef

21.

Buntain, M.J., Bickerton, S.: Modeling forces generated within rigid liquid composite molding tools. Part A: experimental study. Compos. Part A 38, 1729–1741 (2007)

22.

Garay, A.C., Heck, V., Zatera, A., Amico, S.C.: Influence of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the infiltration process and properties of composites molded by RTM and RTM light. In: 19º Brazilian Congress of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Campos do Jordão, Brazil (2010) (In Portuguese)

23.

Han, K., Jiang, S., Zhang, C., Wang, B.: Flow modeling and simulation of SCRIMP for composites manufacturing. Compos. Part A 31, 79–86 (2000)CrossRef

24.

Hudson, A.: Vacuum-assisted RTM increasingly popular. Compos. Techol. March/April, 24–30 (1996)

25.

Liu, S., Masliyah, H.: Dispersion in porous media. In: Vafai, K. (ed.) Handbook of Porous Media, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005)

26.

Bear, J.: Dynamics of Fluid in Porous Media. Dover Publications Inc, New York (1972)

27.

Allen III, M.B., Behie, G.A., Trangenstein, J.A.: Multiphase Flow in Porous Media. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1988)CrossRef

28.

Delgado, J.M.P.D.: Longitudinal and transverse dispersion in porous media. Trans. IChemE Part A, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 85(A9), 1245–1252 (2007)

29.

Hunt, A.G., Skinner, T.E., Ewing, R.P., Ghanbarian-Alavijeh, B.: Dispersion of solute in porous media. Eur. Phys. J. B 80(4), 411–432 (2011)CrossRef

30.

Vallabh, R., Banks-Lee, P., Seyam, A.: New approach for determining tortuosity in fibrous porous media. J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. 5(3), 7–15 (2010)

31.

Epstein, N.: Tortuosity and the tortuosity factor in flow and diffusion through porous media. Chem. Eng. Sci. 44(3), 777–779 (1989)CrossRef

32.

ANSYS Inc.: CFX^®-Theory manual (2010)

33.

Nield, D.A., Bejan, A.: Convection in Porous Media. Springer-Verlag, New York (2006)

34.

Tannehill, J.C., Anderson, D.A., Pletcher, R.H.: Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer. Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia (1997)

35.

Fletcher, C.A.J.: Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics: Fundamental and General Techniques, vol. 1. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1991)

36.

Majumdar, P.: Computational Methods for Heat and Mass Transfer. Taylor & Francis, New York (2005)

37.

Mojtabi, A., Charrier-Mojtabi, M.: Double-diffusive convection in porous media. In: Vafai, K. (ed.) Handbook of Porous Media, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005)

38.

Magyari, E., Rees, D.A.S., Keller, B.: Effect of viscous dissipation on the flow in fluid saturated porous media. In: Vafai, K. (ed.) Handbook of Porous Media, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005)

39.

Hugo, J., Topin, F.: Metal foams design for heat exchangers: structure and effectives transport properties. In: Delgado, J.M.P.Q. (ed.) Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media. Springer-Velag, Berlin (2012)

40.

Hsu, C.: Dynamic modeling of convective heat transfer in porous media. In: Vafai, K. (ed.) Handbook of Porous Media, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005)

41.

McKibbin, R.: Mathematical modeling for heat and mass transport in geothermal systems. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media. Elsevier, Oxford (1998)

42.

Ye, X., Qiu, J., Zhang, C., Liang, R., Wang, B.: A finite element-based heuristic estimation of local perform permeability for resin transfer molding. Transp. Porous Media 76, 247–263 (2009)CrossRef

43.

Nield, D.A.: Modeling fluid flow in saturated porous media and at interfaces. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport phenomena in Porous Media II. Elsevier, Oxford (2002)

44.

Lage, J.L.: The fundamental theory of flow through permeable media from Darcy to turbulence. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media. Elsevier, Oxford (1998)

45.

Chen, C.K., Hsiao, S.W.: Transport phenomena in enclosed porous cavities. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media. Elsevier, Oxford (1998)

46.

Vafai, K., Amiri, A.: Non-Darcian effects in confined forced convection flows. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media. Elsevier, Oxford (1998)

47.

Merrikh, A.A., Lage, J.L.: From continuum to porous-continuum: the visual resolution impact on modeling natural convection in heterogeneous media. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media III. Elsevier, Oxford (2005)

48.

Advani, S.G., Hsiao, K.: Transport phenomena in liquid composites molding processes and their roles in process control and optimization. In: Vafai, K. (ed.) Handbook of Porous Media, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005)

49.

Parnas, R.S., Phelan Jr, F.R.: The effect of heterogeneous porous media on mold filling in resin transfer molding. SAMPE Q. 22(2), 53–60 (1991)

50.

Pillai, K.M.: Modeling the unsaturated flow liquid composite molding processes: a review and some thoughts. J. Compos. Mater. 38(23), 2097–2118 (2004)CrossRef

51.

Cheng, P., Hsu, C.: Heat conduction. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media. Elsevier, Oxford (1998)

52.

Wang, C.Y.: Modeling multiphase flow and transport in porous media. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media. Elsevier, Oxford (1998)

53.

Bradean, R., Heggs, P.J., Inghan, D.B., Pop, I.: Convective heat flow from suddenly heated surfaces embedded in porous media. I. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media. Elsevier, Oxford (1998)

54.

Kaviany, M.: Principles of Convective Heat Transfer, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (2001)

55.

Rees, D.A.S., Pop, I.: Local thermal non-equilibrium in porous medium convective. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media III. Elsevier, Oxford (2005)

56.

de Lemos, M.J.S.: The double-decomposition concept for turbulent transport in porous media. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media III. Elsevier, Oxford (2005)

57.

de Lemos, M.J.S.: Mathematical modeling and applications of turbulent heat and transfer in porous media. In: Vafai, K. (ed.) Handbook of Porous Media, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005)

58.

Nield, D.A., Kuznetsov, A.V.: Heat transfer in bidisperse porous media. In: Ingham, D.B., Pop, I. (eds.) Transport Phenomena in Porous Media III. Elsevier, Oxford (2005)

59.

de Lemos, M.J.S.: Turbulence in Porous Media: Modeling and Applications. Elsevier, Amsterdan (2006)

60.

Hu, J.L., Liu, Y., Shao, X.M.: Study on void formation in multi-layer woven fabrics. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 35, 595–603 (2004)CrossRef

61.

Shojaei, A.: A numerical study of filling process through multilayer preforms in resin injection/compression molding. Compos. Sci. Techol. 66, 1546–1557 (2006)CrossRef

62.

Yang, J., Jia, Y.X., Sun, S., Ma, D.J., Shi, T.F., An, L.J.: Enhancements of the simulation method on the edge effect in resin transfer molding processes. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 478, 384–389 (2008)CrossRef

63.

Phelan, F.R.: Simulation of the injection process in resin transfer molding. Polym. Compos. 18, 460–476 (1997)CrossRef

64.

Reddy, J.: Introduction to the Finite Element Method. McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math, New York (2005)

65.

Patankar, S.V.: Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York (1980)

66.

Maliska, C.R.: Computational Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics. LTC, Rio de Janeiro (2004)

67.

Versteeg, H., Malalasekra, M.: An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method. Prentice Hall, London (2007)

68.

Hirt, C.W., Nichols, B.D.: Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. J. Comput. Phys. 39, 201–225 (1981)CrossRef

69.

Srinivasan, V., Salazar, A.J., Saito, K.: Modeling the disintegration of modulated liquid jets using volume-of-fluid (VOF) methodology. Appl. Math. Model. 35, 3710–3730 (2001)CrossRef

70.

Shäfer, M.: Computational Engineering. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2006)

71.

Ferziger, J.H., Perić, M.: Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2002)CrossRef

72.

Fletcher, C.A.J.: Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics: Specific Techniques for Different Flow Categories, vol. 2. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1991)

73.

Gutowski, T.G., Morigaki, T., Cai, Z.: The consolidation of laminate composites. J. Compos. Mater. 21(2), 172–188 (1987)CrossRef

74.

Kokx, V.S. Jr.: Modeling the filling phase of liquid composite moulding processes, including dynamic mould deformations. Ph.D. thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand (2002)

75.

Kokx, V.S. Jr., Bickerton, S.: Modeling liquid composite molding processes involving dynamic cavity thickness changes. In: 48th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, Long Beach, 1690–1701 (2003)

76.

Luz, F.F.: Comparative analysis of fluid flow in RTM experiments utilizing commercial softwares. Master dissertation, Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (2011)

77.

Luz, F.F., Amico, S.C., Cunha, A.L., Barbosa, E.S., de Lima, A.G.B.: Applying computational analysis in studies of resin transfer moulding. Defect Diffus. Forum 326–328, 158–163 (2012)

Titel: Resin Transfer Molding Process: Fundamentals, Numerical Computation and Experiments
verfasst von: Felipe Ferreira Luz
Sandro Campos Amico
Jeferson Ávila Souza
Enivaldo Santos Barbosa
Antonio Gilson Barbosa de Lima
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Numerical Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30531-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-30532-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30532-0_5

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht