Skip to main content

1994 | Buch

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

Continuation of Residue Reviews

herausgegeben von: George W. Ware

Verlag: Springer New York

Buchreihe : Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

insite
SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

International concern in scientific, industrial, and governmental communi­ ties over traces of xenobiotics in foods and in both abiotic and biotic envi­ ronments has justified the present triumvirate of specialized publications in this field: comprehensive reviews, rapidly published research papers and progress reports, and archival documentations. These three international publications are integrated and scheduled to provide the coherency essential for nonduplicative and current progress in a field as dynamic and complex as environmental contamination and toxicology. This series is reserved ex­ clusively for the diversified literature on "toxic" chemicals in our food, our feeds, our homes, recreational and working surroundings, our domestic animals, our wildlife and ourselves. Tremendous efforts worldwide have been mobilized to evaluate the nature, presence, magnitude, fate, and toxi­ cology of the chemicals loosed upon the earth. Among the sequelae of this broad new emphasis is an undeniable need for an articulated set of authoritative publications, where one can find the latest important world literature produced by these emerging areas of science together with docu­ mentation of pertinent ancillary legislation. Research directors and legislative or administrative advisers do not have the time to scan the escalating number of technical publications that may contain articles important to current responsibility. Rather, these individu­ als need the background provided by detailed reviews and the assurance that the latest information is made available to them, all with minimal literature searching.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Antimicrobials in Shrimp Aquaculture in the United States: Regulatory Status and Safety Concerns
Abstract
The demand for seafood products, i.e., shrimp, continues to increase every year. However, the supply of seafood from the ocean has been believed for some time, to be very close to the point of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) (Roedel 1973). A figure of 100 million metric tons (MT) per year has long been accepted as the MSY of our oceans. Some believe that a more liberal figure of 150 million MT is more accurate. By 1987, the world fisheries landings had reached a level of 93 million MT (Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO] 1989). Regardless, the yearly rate of increase of fishery landings continues to decline, and an increasing amount of the seafoods consumed is supplied via the aquaculture industry (United States Office of Agriculture [USOA] 1986). The world aquaculture production of fish in 1985 was 10.6 million MT and rose to 13.2 million MT by 1987 (FAO 1989). It has been estimated that, by the year 2000, as much as 32 million MT of aquacultured fish will be produced, accounting for approximately 25% of the world’s fishery production.
Eric D. Park, Donald V. Lightner, Douglas L. Park
Ecological Impact of Major Industrial Chemical Accidents
Abstract
Accidents involving the release of chemicals into the environment have the potential to cause catastrophic ecological damage. This potential has been realized on a number of occasions, notably at Chernobyl, Ukraine (Muller and Prohl 1993), Bhopal, India (Singh and Ghosh 1987), Seveso, Italy (Fanelli et al. 1980), Sandoz, Switzerland (Guttinger and Stumm 1992), and the Exxon Valdez, Alaska oil spill (Shaw 1992). The ecological impact of all of these accidents differed enormously in scale, from Chernobyl polluting large tracts of Europe with 137Cs, 90Sr, and 131I (Muller and Prohl 1993), Sandoz polluting 200 km of the lower Rhine River with a pesticides mixture (Guttinger and Stumm 1992), the Exxon Valdez oil tanker contaminating Prince William Sound, Alaska, over a 750-km stretch (Shaw 1992), to Seveso and Bhopal contaminating areas of approximately 15 km2 with highly toxic chemicals (Fanelli et al. 1980; Singh and Ghosh 1987).
A. A. Meharg
Pollutant Degradation by White Rot Fungi
Abstract
The continually growing worldwide hazardous waste problem must be dealt with by the present as well as future generations. Past production and improper disposal of large quantities of environmentally persistent and toxic chemicals by both the government and the private sector has generated very legitimate public health concerns. Widespread contamination of soils as well as groundwater and surface water has brought this problem to the forefront. Cleanup of environmental pollution also presents a serious economic burden to society. In the United States alone, the cost of environmental decontamination is thought to range between $0.5 and $1.0 trillion (Aust 1993). Considering the magnitude of this financial burden, it becomes apparent that cost-effective yet efficient methods of decontamination are vital to our success in solving the hazardous waste problem. One such method that has become increasingly popular is bioremediation. The use of indigenous or introduced microorganisms to decontaminate waste sites provides a very attractive economic solution to many of our hazardous pollution problems.
David P. Barr, Steven D. Aust
Glufosinate (Phosphinothricin), A Natural Amino Acid with Unexpected Herbicidal Properties
Abstract
In addition to the large number of phosphates formed under natural conditions, such as the nucleotides and phospholipids, the world of living organisms also presents a small group of phosphonic acids, the structure of which was first brought to light during the last 20 years or so. One of the first compounds from this series was 1,2-epoxipropanephosphonic acid, which was isolated from protozoa in 1969 and is known by the trivial name fosfomycin (1) (Christensen et al. 1969; Hendlin et al. 1969). Other examples are plumbemycin (2) (Park et al. 1977), isolated in 1976 from cultured filtrates of Streptomyces plumbeus, and fosmidomycin (3) (Kuroda et al. 1980), isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae. All three of these have an antibiotic effect (Fig. 1). Natural substances containing a phosphinic acid moiety in which the phosphorus atom is bound to two carbon atoms were unknown 20 years ago.
Gerhard Hoerlein
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
herausgegeben von
George W. Ware
Copyright-Jahr
1994
Verlag
Springer New York
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4612-2672-7
Print ISBN
978-1-4612-7629-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2672-7