2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Tipp
Weitere Kapitel dieses Buchs durch Wischen aufrufen
Erschienen in:
Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security
Agricultural biodiversity is often understood as crop genetic resources, yet agro-ecosystems hold a wide diversity of other organisms that contribute toward their productivity and sustainability. Pollination is an ecological process that provides important services to humans. Pollination service in agro-ecosystems depends on several factors, including the land management systems used by farmers. Pollinators, such as honeybees, play a crucial role in flowering plant reproduction and in the production of most fruits and vegetables. As most of the agri-horticultural crops plants are not only self incompatible but also cross incompatible. It has been found that the use of hive bees results in a manifold increase in the quality of produce. Yield potential of a cross pollinated crop can be achieved only when the pollination requirement of the crop is fulfilled. Interestingly, most of the crops benefited from bees are sources of protein and fat, the nutrients our people need most. Over the past decade, the international community has increasingly recognized the importance of pollinators as an element of agricultural diversity supporting human livelihoods. Yet mounting evidence points to a potentially serious decline in populations of pollinators. Maintaining and increasing yields in horticultural crops, seeds and pastures through better conservation and management of pollinators is critically important to health, nutrition, food security and better farm incomes for poor farmers. Recognizing the dimensions of a “pollination crisis” and its links to biodiversity and human livelihoods, the Convention on Biological Diversity has made the conservation and sustainable use of pollinators a priority.
Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten
Sie möchten Zugang zu diesem Inhalt erhalten? Dann informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:
Anzeige
Abrol DP (2012) Wild bees and crop pollination. In: Abrol DP pollination biology: biodiversity conservation and agricultural production. Springer Publication, New York, pp 111–184
CrossRef
Adamson NL (2011) An Assessment of non-apis bees as fruit and vegetable crop pollinators in Southwest Virginia. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, p 136
Allen Wardell G, Bernhardt P, Bitner R, Burquez A, Buchmann S, Cane J, Cox PA, Dalton V, Feinsinger P, Ingram M, Inouye D, Jones CE, Kennedy K, Kevan P, Koopowitz H, Medellin R, Medellin-Morales S, Nabhan GP, Pavlik B, Tepedino V, Torchio P, Walker S (1998) The potential consequences of pollinator declines on the conservation of biodiversity and stability of food crop yields. Conserv Biol 12(1):8–17
CrossRef
Ascher J, Eardley C, Griswold T, Melo G, Polaszek A, Ruggiero M, Williams P, Walker K, Warrit N (2008) World bee checklist project – update 2008–09, manuscript (version 10/09/2008), [online] Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
http://www.itis.gov/beechecklist.html
Batra SWT (1967) Crop pollination and the flower relationship of the wild bees of Ludhiana, India (Hymenoptera : Apoidea). J Kansas Entomol Soc 40(2):164–177
Batra SWT (1997) Solitary bees for orchard pollination. Pennsylvania Fruit News, April 1997
Battacharya M, Primack RB, Gerwein J (2003) Are roads and railroads barriers to bumblebee movement in temperate suburban conservation area. Biol Conserv 109:37–45
CrossRef
Bauer DM, Wing IS (2010) Economic consequences of pollinator declines: a synthesis. Agric Res Econ Rev 39(3):368–383
Biesmeijer JC, Roberts SPM, Reemer M, Ohlemuller R, Edwards M, Peeters T, Schaffers AP, Potts SG, Kleukers R, Thomas CD, Settele J, Kunin WE (2006) Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science 313:351–354
CrossRef
Blacquiere T (2010) Care for bees: for many reasons and in many ways. Proc Neth Entomol Soc Meet 21:35–39
Bohart GE (1971) Management of habitats for wild bees. Tall timbers conference on ecological animal control by habitat management, 25–27 Feb. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, 2:253–266
Bohart GE (1972) Management of wild bees for the pollination of crops. Ann Rev Entomol 17:287–312
CrossRef
Borneck R, Merle B (1989) Essaie d’une evaluation de l’incidence e’conomique de l’abeille pollinisatrice dans l’agriculture europe’enne. Apicata 24:33–38
Bosch J, Kemp WP (2001) How to manage the blue orchard bee as an orchard pollinator. Sustainable Agricultural Network, USDA, Beltsville
Brown BJ, Mitchell RJ, Graham SA (2002) Competition for pollination between an invasive species (purple loosestrife) and a native congener. Ecology 83:2328–2336
CrossRef
Bryant SR, Thomas CD, Bale JS (1997) Nettle-feeding nymphalid butterflies: temperature, development and distribution. Ecol Entomol 22:390–398
CrossRef
Buchmann SL, Nabhan GP (1996) The forgotten pollinators. Island Press, Washington, DC
Byrne A, Fitzpatrick U (2009) Bee conservation policy at the global, regional and national levels. Apidologie 4:1–17
Cane JH (2001) Habitat fragmentation and native bees: a premature verdict? Conserv Ecol 5(1):3
Cane JH (2008) A native ground-nesting bee (Nomia melanderi) sustainably managed to pollinate alfalfa across an intensively agricultural landscape. Apidologie 39:315–323
CrossRef
Cane JH, Payne JA (1991) Native bees pollinate rabbiteye blueberry. In: 5th Biennial Southeast Blueberry conference and trade show, Rural Development Center, Tifton, Georgia, USA, pp 53–57
Cane JH, Eickwort GC, Wesley FR, Spielholz J (1985) Pollination ecology of Vaccinium stamineum (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae). Am J Bot 72:135–142
CrossRef
Chaudhary OP (2006) Diversity, foraging behaviour of floral visitors and pollination ecology of fennel (
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). J Spices Aromatic Crops 15(1):34–41
Chauhan A, Thakur RK, Jatin S (2010) Bumble bees as dominating insect visitors of some important medicinal plants Pest Management and Economic Zoology. Pest Mgt Econ Zool 18(1/2):342–347
Conte YL, Navajas M (2008) Climate change: impact on honey bee populations and diseases. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz 27(2):499–510
Cowley MJR, Thomas CD, Thomas JA, Warren MS (1999) Flight areas of British butterflies: assessing species status and decline. Proc Royal Soc Lond B 266:1587–1592
CrossRef
Danforth BN, Sipes S, Fang J, Brady SG (2006) The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15118–15123
CrossRef
Delaplane KS, Mayer DF (2000) Crop pollination by bees. CABI Publishing, New York
CrossRef
Donovon BJ (2001) Calculated value of nests of long tongued bumble bee Bombus hortorum, for pollination of tetraploid red clover Trifolium prantese. Acta Horticult 521:293–296
Eardley C, Gikungu M, Schwarz MP (2009) Bee conservation in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: diversity, status and threats. Apidologie 40:355–366
CrossRef
Evans EC, Spivak M (2006) Effects of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) presence on cranberry (Ericales : Ericaceae) pollination. J Econ Entomol 99:614–620
CrossRef
Fitter AH, Fitter RSR (2002) Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants. Science 296:1689–1691
CrossRef
Fitzpatrick Ú, Murray TE, Byrne A, Paxton RJ, Brown MJF (2006) Regional red list of Irish bees, Public Report to National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland) and Environment and Heritage Service (N. Ireland)
Fleishman EG, Austin T, Weiss AD (1998) An empirical test of Rapoport’s rule: elevational gradients in montane butterfly communities. Ecology 79:2482–2493
Gardner KE, Ascher JS (2006) Notes on the native bee pollinators in New York apple orchards. J N Y Entomol Soc 114:86–91
CrossRef
Greenleaf SS, Kremen C (2006) Wild bees enhance honey bees’ pollination of hybrid sunflower. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:13890–13895
CrossRef
Hill JK, Thomas CD, Fox R, Telfer MG, Willis SG, Asher J, Huntley B (2002) Responses of butterflies to twentieth century climate warming: implications for future changes. Proc Royal Soc Lond B 269:2163–2171
CrossRef
Howlett BG, Donovan BJ, McCallum JA, Newstrom LE, Teulon DAJ (2005) Between and within field variability of New Zealand indigenous flower visitors to onions. NZ Plant Prot 58:213–218
Inouye DW (2008) Effects of climate change on phenology, frost damage, and floral abundance of montane wildflowers. Ecology 89:353–362
CrossRef
Inouye DW, Wielgolaski FE (2003) Phenology of high-altitude climates. In: Schwartz MD (ed) Phenology: an integrative environmental science. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 195–214
Inouye DW, Saavedra F, Lee YW (2003) Environmental influences on the phenology and abundance of flowering by
Androsace septentrionalis L. (Primulaceae). Am J Bot 90(6):905–910
CrossRef
Julier HE, Roulston TH (2009) Wild bee abundance and pollination service in cultivated pumpkins: farm management, nesting behavior and landscape effects. J Econ Entomol 102(2):563–573
CrossRef
Kearns CA, Inouye DW, Waser NM (1998) Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant–pollinator interactions. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 29:83–112
CrossRef
Kemp WP, Bosch J (2000) Development and emergence of the alfalfa pollinator megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 93:904–911
CrossRef
Kerr JT, Vincent RL, Currie DJ (1998) Determinants of Lepidoptera richness in North America. Ecoscience 5:448–453
Kerr JT, Sugar A, Packer L (2000) Indicator taxa, rapid biodiversity assessment, and nestedness in an endangered ecosystem. Conserv Bio 14:1726–1734
CrossRef
Kevan PG (1999) Pollinators as bioindicators of the state of the environment: species, activity and diversity. Agric Ecosys Environ 74:373–393
CrossRef
Kevan PG (2004) Pollination ecology, conservation & sustainability: human beings as part of the world’s ecosystem. In: Tropical beekeeping: research and development for pollination and conservation. San José, Costa Rica, p 25
Kevan PG, Phillips T (2001) The economics of pollinator declines: assessing the consequences. Conserv Ecol 5(1):8
Klein AM, Vaissiére BE, Cane JH, Steffan-Dewenter I, Cunningham SA, Kremen C, Tscharntke T (2007) Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci 274:303–313
CrossRef
Kremen C, Williams NM, Thorp RW (2002) Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural diversification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(26):16812–16816
CrossRef
Kremen C, Williams NM, Bugg RL, Fay JP, Thorp RW (2004) Estimating the area requirements of an ecosystem service, crop pollination. Ecol Lett 7:1109–1119
CrossRef
Kreuss A, Tscharntke T (2002) Grazing intensity and the diversity of grasshoppers, butterflies, and trap nesting bees and wasps. Conserv Bio 16:1570–1580
CrossRef
Kukal O, Ayres MP, Scriber JM (1991) Cold tolerance of the pupae in relation to the distribution of swallowtail butterflies. Can J Zool 69:3028–3037
CrossRef
Leong JM, Thorp RW (2005) Bee diversity associated with Limnanthes floral patches in California Vernal pool habitats, USDA Forest Service General technical report PSW-GTR-195
Loose JL, Drummond FA, Stubbs C, Woods S, Hoffmann S (2005) Conservation and management of native bees in cranberry. Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. University of Maine, Orono
Luig J, Peterson K, Poltimae H (2005) Human impacts on pollinators and pollination services. ALARM socio-economic working paper, no. X. SEI Tallinn, Estonia
Mader E, Spivak M, Evans E (2010) Managing alternative pollinators: a handbook for beekeepers, growers, and conservationists, SARE handbook 11, NRAES-186. Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service, Ithaca
Menz MHM, Phillips RD, Winfree R, Kremen C, Aizen MA, Johnson SD, Dixon KW (2011) Reconnecting plants and pollinators: challenges in the restoration of pollination mutualisms. Trends Pl Sci 16(1):4–12
CrossRef
Michener CD (2000) The bees of the world. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Mikkola K (1997) Population trends of Finnish Lepidoptera during 1961–1996. Entomol Fenn 8:121–143
Morse RA, Calderone NW (2000) The value of honey bees as pollinators of U.S. crops in 2000. Bee Cult 128:15
Munyuli MBT (2011) Pollinator biodiversity in Uganda and in Sub-Sahara Africa: landscape and habitat management strategies for its conservation. Int J Biodiver Conserv 3(11):551–609
OECD (2001) The DAC guidelines: strategies for sustainable development.
http://www.oecd.org/dac/environment-development/2669958.pdf
Paini DR, Roberts JD (2005) Commercial honeybees (
Apis mellifera) reduce the fecundity of an Australian native bee (
Hylaeus alcyoneus). Biol Conserv 123:103–112
CrossRef
Parmesan C (1996) Climate and species’ range. Nature 382:765–766
CrossRef
Parmesan C, Ryrholm N, Steganescu C, Hill JK, Thomas CD, Descimon H, Huntley B, Kaila L, Kullberg J, Tammaru T, Tennent WJ, Thomas JA, Warren M (1999) Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming. Nature 399:579–583
CrossRef
Partap U, Partap T (2000) Pollination of apples in China. Beekeeping Dev 54:6–7
Partap U, Partap T (2002) Warning signal from the apple valley of the HKH: productivity concerns and pollination problems. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, p 45
Partap U, Verma LR (1994) Pollination of radish by Apis cerana. J Apic Res 33:237–241
Paton DC (1993) Honeybees in the Australian environment. Biogeosciences 43:95–103
CrossRef
Pimentel D, Wilson C, McCullum C, Huang R, Dwen P, Flack J, Tran Q, Saltman T, Cliff B (1997) Economics and environmental benefits of biodiversity. BioSci 47:747–757
CrossRef
Pitts-Singer TL, Cane JH (2011) The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata: the world’s most intensively managed solitary bee. Ann Rev Entomol 56:221–237
CrossRef
Pollard E, Rothery P, Yates TJ (1996) Annual growth rates in newly established populations of the butterfly
Pararge aegeria. Ecol Entomol 21:365–369
CrossRef
Potts SG, Vulliamy B, Dafni A, Ne’eman G, Willmer PG (2003) Linking bees and flowers: how do floral communities structure pollinator communities? Ecology 84:2628–2642
CrossRef
Potts SG, Biesmeijer JC, Kremen C, Neumann P, Schweiger O et al (2010) Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends Ecol Evol 25:345–353
CrossRef
Pounds JA, Fogden MPL, Campbell JH (1999) Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain. Nature 398:611–615
CrossRef
Price MV, Waser NM (1998) Effects of experimental warming on plant reproductive phenology in a subalpine meadow. Ecology 79:1261–1271
CrossRef
Ricketts TH (2004) Do tropical forest fragments enhance pollinator activity in nearby coffee crops. Conserv Bio 18:1–10
CrossRef
Ricketts TH, Daily GC, Ehrlich PR, Michener CD (2004) Economic value of tropical forest to coffee production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:12579–12582
CrossRef
Roubik DW (1995) Pollination of cultivated plants in the tropics. FAO agriculture service bulletin no. 118. FAO, Rome, p 196
Saavedra F, Inouye DW, Price MV, Harte J (2003) Changes in flowering and abundance of
Delphinium nuttallianum (Ranunculaceae) in response to a subalpine climate warming experiment. Glob Change Biol 9:885–894
CrossRef
Sagar P (1981) Role of insects in crop pollination of fennel crop at Ludhiana. J Res Punjab Agric Univ 18(4):388–392
Sampson BJ, Knight PR, Cane JH, Spiers JM (2007) Foraging behavior, pollinator effectiveness, and management potential of the new world squash bees
Peponapis pruinosa and
Xenoglossa strenua (Apidae: Eucerini). Hortsci 42:459–459
Sampson BJ, Cane J, Kirker GT, Stringer ST, Spiers JM (2009) Biology and management potential for three orchard bee species (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae):
Osmia riblifloris Cockerell,
O. lignaria (Say), and
O. chalybea Smith with emphasis on the former. In: Hummer KE (ed) Proceedings of the IXth international symposium
Vaccinium. Acta Horticult 810:549–555
Sanford (1985) Wet lands — The bee forage connection, APIS 3(6), June 1985 [online]
http://apis.ifas.ufl.edu/apis85/apjun85.htm#2
Sárospataki M, Novak J, Molnar V (2005) Assessing the threatened status of bumble bee species (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Hungary, central Europe. Biodivers Conserv 14:2437–2446
CrossRef
Schoonhoven LM, Jermy T, Van Loon JJA (1998) Insect-plant biology: from physiology to evolution. Chapman & Hall, London
CrossRef
Sekita N (2001) Managing
Osmia cornifrons to pollinate apples in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Acta Horticult 561:303–308
Sharma D, Abrol DP (2005) Contact toxicity of some insecticides to honeybee, A. mellifera L. and A. cerana F. J Asia Pacif Entomol 8(1):113–115
CrossRef
Sheffield CS, Westby SM, Smith RF, Kevan PG (2008) Potential of big leaf lupine for building and sustaining Osmia lignaria populations for pollination of apple. Can Entomol 140:589–599
CrossRef
Sparks TH, Yates TJ (1997) The effect of spring temperature on the appearance dates of British butterflies 1883–1993. Ecography 20:368–374
CrossRef
Swengel AB (1998) Effects of management on butterfly abundance in tallgrass prairie and pine barrens. Biol Conserv 83:77–89
CrossRef
Tarrier M, Leestmans R (1997) Losses and acquisitions probably linked to the effects of global climatic warming on western Mediterranean Lepidopteran fauna (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). Linneana Belgica 16:23–36
Torchio PF (1987) Use of non-honey bee species as pollinators of crops. Proc Entomol Soc Ont 118:111–124
Travis MJ (2003) Climate change and habitat destruction: a deadly anthropogenic cocktail. Proc R Soc Lond B 270:467–473
CrossRef
Tuell JK, Ascher JS, Isaacs R (2009) Wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) of the Michigan highbush blueberry agroecosystem. Ann Entomol Soc Am 102:275–287
CrossRef
Turner JRG, Gatehouse CM, Corey CA (1987) Does solar energy control organic diversity? Butterflies, moths and the British climate. Oikos 48:195–205
CrossRef
Velthuis HHW, van Doorn A (2006) A century of advances in bumblebee domestication and the economic and environmental aspects of its commercialization for pollination. Apidologie 37:421–451
CrossRef
Wall MA, Timmerman-Erskine M, Boyd RS (2003) Conservation impact of climatic variability on pollination of the federally endangered plant,
Clematis socialis (Ranunculaceae). South East Nat 2:11–24
CrossRef
Wardell AG, Bernhardt P, Bitner R, Burquez A, Buchmann S, Cane J, Cox P, Dalton P, Feinsinger P, Ingram M, Inouye D, Jones C, Kennedy K, Kevan K, Koopowitz H, Medellin R, Medellin-Morales R, Nabhan G, Pavlik B, Tepedino V, Torchio T, Walker S (1998) The potential consequences of pollinator declines on the conservation of biodiversity and stability of food crop yields. Conserv Biol 12:8–17
CrossRef
Waser NM, Ollerton J (2006) Plant- pollinator interactions: from specialization to generalization. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Watanabe ME (1994) Pollination worries rise as honey bees decline. Science 265:1170
CrossRef
Wielgolaski FE, Inouye DW (2003) Phenology of high-latitude climates. In: Schwartz MD (ed) Phenology: an integrative environmental science. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 175–194
Williams IH (1996) Aspects of bee diversity and crop pollination in the European Union. In: Matheson A, Buchmann SL, O’Toole C, Westrich P, Williams IH (eds) The conservation of bees, vol 18, Linnaean society symposium. Academic, London, pp 210–226
Willis C et al (2008) Phylogenetic patterns of species loss in Thoreau’s woods are driven by climate change, PNAS, online access
Winfree R (2008) Pollinator-dependent crops: an increasingly risky business. Curr Biol 18:968–969
CrossRef
Winfree R (2010) The conservation and restoration of wild bees. Ann NY Acad Sci 1195:169–197
CrossRef
Winfree R et al (2007) Effect of human disturbance on bee communities in a forested ecosystem. Conserv Biol 2:213–223
CrossRef
- Titel
- Role of Pollinators in Sustainable Farming and Livelihood Security
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9199-1_14
- Autoren:
-
Devinder Sharma
D. P. Abrol
- Verlag
- Springer Netherlands
- Sequenznummer
- 14
- Kapitelnummer
- Chapter 14