6. Security-Aware Mapping for TDMA-Based Systems

This chapter focuses on security-aware design for Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based real-time distributed systems. The TDMA-based protocol is a very representative synchronous protocol and an abstraction of many existing protocols, such as the FlexRay [7], the Time-Triggered Protocol [45], and the Time-Triggered Ethernet [44]. It is critically important to address these protocols, as they are being increasingly adopted in various safety-critical systems such as automotive and avionics electronic systems for their more predictable timing behavior. Compared with priority-based networks such as the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, TDMA-based systems have fundamental differences on system modeling (in particular for latency modeling), on security mechanism selection (a global time is available for security reasons), on design space (network scheduling is the focus of this work but not a factor for CAN-based systems), and on algorithm design. Therefore, the approaches for CAN-based systems in the previous chapter do not apply to TDMA-based systems. It is needed to rethink appropriate security mechanisms and develop a new set of formulations and algorithms to explore the design space.