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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

31. Seismic Microzonation: A Preventive Measure for the Conservation of the Built Heritage

verfasst von : M. Cristina García-Nieto, Marcos A. Martínez-Segura, Manuel Navarro, Patricia Alarcón

Erschienen in: Historic Cities in the Face of Disasters

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Several earthquakes around the world verified the vulnerability of monumental buildings and the urgent action needed to protect them. This chapter assesses the necessity of performing detailed seismic studies in historical buildings (small-scale), due to the importance of this types of structures that deserve to be protected and conserved or, on the contrary, if the seismic microzonation in the city (large-scale) is enough. The case study is Murcia city and one of its most important historical buildings, the Cathedral of Santa Maria. The Murcia Region, located in southeast Spain, is classified as a seismically active zone. Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method was used providing a characterisation of the materials in terms of shear-wave velocity (Vs), to obtain characterisation of the subsoil structure in historical buildings. The Vs investigations were carried out at the scale of a historic building and at the seismic microzonation scale in the city. Results evidenced a clear difference in Vs values obtained under the Cathedral and in the city. The study makes the case that the analysis of the local effect due to the shallow soil conditions in historic buildings, is a fundamental point to address the preventive analysis of the building seismic response, beyond studies of seismic microzonation carried out at city scale.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Evaluating Visitors’ Experiences at St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury

Nächstes Kapitel The Representation of a Resilient City: The Case of Amatrice’s Reconstruction

Eurocode 8

European regulation, which establishes a set of technical rules applicable to the design and construction of buildings and civil engineering works in seismic regions, with the aim of ensuring that, when an earthquake occurs, human lives are protected, damage is limited, and structures important for civil protection remain operation.

Ground acceleration

Time rate of ground velocity change, commonly measured in gravity acceleration (g ≈ 9.81 m/s²).

Intensity

Measurement of the effects of an earthquake at a particular place. The intensity depends not only upon the strength of the earthquake (earthquake magnitude) but also upon the distance from the epicentre, the local geology at the point, the nature of the surface materials, the construction of buildings, etc.

Liquefaction

Soil and sand behaving as a liquid upon agitation (such as by an earthquake) that disrupts grain-to-grain contacts.

Microzonation

Identification of geographical areas having homogeneous similar behaviour under seismic action, including effects beyond the traditional seismic action parameters such as landslide and liquefaction.

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Earthquake size parameter derived from the scalar seismic momentum, which is defined as the product of the rupture surface in the fault plane, the net displacement on the fault or dislocation and the stiffness coefficient. It is the size parameter that best correlates to the energy released by the earthquake.

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Maximum value the acceleration obtained from the accelerogram.

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Phenomenon that occurs when a structural system is subjected to a cyclical load with a frequency equal or close to natural frequency of the system. The result is a build-up of amplitude of movement of the system due to external action.

Site effects

Changes in the ground motion propagating near the site, in amplitude, frequency content and duration, relatively to the motion at a “hard” lower layer, due to the geometric characteristics and mechanical properties of surface layers surrounding the site, especially for cases of soft layer and complex geometries.

Stiffness

Qualitative measure of the resistance to elastic deformation produced by a material.

Shear-wave propagation velocity. In an isotropic medium, the velocity of shear waves Vs is given by Vs = (G/ρ)1/2 = {E/[2ρ(1 + σ)]}1/2, where G is the shear modulus, ρ is the density, E is Young’s modulus and σ is Poisson’s ratio

Vs30

Average shear-wave velocity of the upper 30 m of the subsurface used in several building codes for seismic response site classification.

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Degree of loss of a system (engineering structure, network, social group, etc.) under a certain level of seismic action.

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Titel: Seismic Microzonation: A Preventive Measure for the Conservation of the Built Heritage
verfasst von: M. Cristina García-Nieto
Marcos A. Martínez-Segura
Manuel Navarro
Patricia Alarcón
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Historic Cities in the Face of Disasters
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77355-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-77356-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77356-4_31

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