nach oben

Environmental Earth Sciences

Erschienen in:

01.05.2021 | Original Article

Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Upper Eocene–Oligocene succession, northwest Birket Qarun, Fayum-Egypt

verfasst von: Ahmed-Reda M. El-Younsy, Abdelhamid M. Salman

Erschienen in: Environmental Earth Sciences | Ausgabe 9/2021

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The Upper Eocene–Oligocene sequence exposed northwest Birket Qarun; Fayum district covers two rock units, Qasr El-Sagha (Temple and Dir Abu Lifa members) and Gebel Qatrani formations were re-evaluated by sequence stratigraphy. Six depositional sequences were recognized based on facies geometry, and sedimentological aspects. The first sequence (Temple Member) was accumulated under marginal intertidal flat environment indicating highstand deposits. The second (the lower Dir Abu Lifa Member) displays a regressive sedimentary facies starting with progradational delta front environment reflecting lowstand deposits followed upward by a lagoonal environment indicating transgressive/highstand deposits. The third (the top of the Dir Abu Lifa Member) was accumulated under a low sinuosity stream reflecting lowstand deposits. The fourth which constitutes the topmost of Dir Abu Lifa Member initiating near-shore shallow marine points to transgressive sediments, followed upward by fluvial sediments reflecting highstand deposits. The fifth (the Lower of Gebel Qatrani Formation) accumulated as point-bar deposits demonstrating lowstand deposits. The last occupies the main of Gebel Qatrani Formation initiates with restricted riverine marking lowstand deposits, followed upward by several fining upward cycles that were accumulated in fluvial and flood plain conditions with evidence of tidal influence on sedimentation near its top denoting transgressive deposits. Several minor transgressive episodes accompanied by tidal influence on sedimentation are noticed near the top, which may reflect gradual subsidence of the Oligocene alluvial plain. The area is subjected to relative sea-level changes that show a similarity with the global sea level. The base-level fluctuations are mainly controlled by the regional tectonic setting.

Vorheriger Artikel Limit equilibrium theory-based investigation on the critical tension crack depth in loess slope

Nächster Artikel Assessing data-scarce contaminated groundwater sites surrounding petrochemical industries

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Abdallah AM, Helal SA, Abdel Aziz SM (2002) Eocene ostracoda from the Nile Fayoum Divide, Western Desert, Egypt. In: Proceeding in 6th international conference geological Arab world (GAW6), II, pp 575–604

Abdallah AM, Helal SA, Abdel Aziz SM (2003) Planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Eastern Fayoum Depressioin, Egypt. In: 3rd International conference on the geology of Africa. I: 571–598

Abdel-Fattah ZA (2009) Sedimentology, ichnology, and sequence stratigraphy of the Middle–Upper Eocene succession in the Fayum Depression, Egypt. PhD Thesis, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada, p 238

Abdel-Fattah ZA, Gingras MK, Caldwell MW, Pemberton SG (2010) Sedimentary environments and depositional characteristics of the Middle to Upper Eocene whale-bearing succession in the Fayum Depression. Egypt Sedimentol 57:446–476CrossRef

Abdel-Fattah ZA, Gingras MK, Pemberton SG (2011) Significance of hypoburrow nodule formation associated with large biogenic sedimentary structures in open-marine bay siliciclastics of the upper Eocene Birket Qarun Formation, Wadi Al–Hitan, Fayum, Egypt. Sediment Geol 233:111–128CrossRef

Abu El Ghar MS (2012) Sequence stratigraphy and cyclicity in the Middle Eocene of the Fayoum ranges, Western Desert, Egypt: implications for regional sea level changes. Mar Pet Geol 29:276–292CrossRef

Ahmed SM (2001) Contribution to sedimentary nature of Eocene sequence, Fayum, Egypt. Sediment Egypt 9:27–41

Allen JRL (1965) A review of the original characteristics of recent alluvial sediment. Sedimentology 5:89–191CrossRef

Ashour A, Jonathan P, Philippe D, Mathieu SS, Philippe S, Jacques J, Jean-Loup R (2012) New insight into the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Dur At Talah tidal-fluvial transition sequence (Eocene–Oligocene, Sirt Basin, Libya). J Afr Earth Sci 65:72–90CrossRef

Bassiouni M, Boukhary M, Shama K, Blondeau A (1984) Middle eocene ostracodes from Fayoum. Egypt Geol Mediterr 11:181–192

Beadnell HJL (1901) The Fayum depression, A preliminary notice of the geology of a district in Egypt containing a new Palaeogene fauna. Geol Mag 8:240–546CrossRef

Beadnell HJL (1905) The topography and geology of the Fayum province of Egypt. Surv Department, Cairo, p 101

Bown TM, Kraus MJ (1988) Geology and Paleoenvironment of the Oligocene Gebel Qatrani formation and adjacent rocks, Fayum Depression, Egypt. US Geological Survey Professional, p 1–60

Boyd R, Suter J, Penland S (1989) Relation of sequence stratigraphy to modern sedimentary environments. Geology 17:926–929CrossRef

Catuneanu O, Embry AF, Eriksson PG (2004) Concepts ofsequence stratigraphy. In: Eriksson PG, Altermann W, Nelson D, Mueller W, Catuneanu O (eds) The precambrian earth: tempos and events, developments in precambrian geology 12. Elsevier Science Ltd., Amsterdam, pp 685–705

Catuneanu O, Khalifa MA, Wanas HA (2006) Sequence stratigraphy and incised-valley systems of the Cenomanian Bahariya Formation, Western Desert, Egypt. Sediment Geol 190:121–137CrossRef

Catuneanu O, Abreu V, Bhattacharya JP, Blum MD, Dalrymple RW, Eriksson PG, Fielding CR, Fishe WL, Galloway WE, Gibling MR, Giles KA, Holbrook JM, Jordan R, Kendall CGSC, Macurda B, Martinsen OJ, Miall AD, Neal JE, Nummedal D, Pomar L, Posamentier HW, Prat BR, Sarg JF, Shanley KW, Steel RJ, Strasser A, Tucker ME, Winker C (2009) Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy. Earth Sci Rev 92:1–33CrossRef

Cherif OH, El-Afifi FI (1983) Remarks on the stratigraphy and tectonism of the main Oligocene exposures in Egypt. Ann Geol Surv Egypt 13:247–255

Cloetingh S (1988) Intraplate stress: new element in basin analysis. In: Kleinspehn KL, Paola C (eds) New perspectives in basin analysis. Springer, New York, p 230p

Coleman RG (1981) Tectonic setting for ophiolite obduction in Oman. J Geophys Res 86:2497–2508CrossRef

Cuvilleir J (1930) On Upper Eocene in Egypt and geographical distribution of Upper Eocene. In: Hume WF (ed) Geology of Egypt, a digest of papers published on Egypt, 3 (2). General Organization of Government Printing Office, Cairo

Dames W (1883) Über eine Tertiäre Wirbeltierfauna von der weslichen Insel des Birket el-Qarun, im Fayum (Aegypten). Sitzungsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensch, Berlin, p 129

Davis RA (1983) Depositional systems: a genetic approach to sedimentary geology. Prentice-Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, p 669

Davis RA Jr (1992) Depositional systems: an introduction to sedimentology and stratigraphy. Prentice-Hall Inc 2nd ed, Englewood Cliffs, p 604

Dolson JC, El Barkooky AN, Wehr F, Gingerich P, Prochazka N, Shann M (2002) The Eocene and Oligocene paleo-ecology and paleo-geography of Whale Valley and the Fayoum Basins: implications for hydrocarbon eploration in the Nile Delta and eco-tourism in the Greater Fayoum Basin. AAPG, Search and Discovery

Dolson JC, Boucher PJ, Siok J, Heppard PD (2005) Key challenges to realizing full potential in an emerging giant gas province: Nile Delta/Mediterranean offshore, deep water, Egypt. In: AG Doré, BA Vining (eds.) Petroleum geology: north-west europe and global perspectives—proceedings of the 6th petroleum geology conference. Geological Society of London, petroleum geology conference series no. 6, pp. 607–24

Dunham RJ (1962) Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: Ham WE (eds.) Classification of carbonate rocks. American association of petroleum geologists, memoir, 1, 108–121

EGPC/CONOCO (1987) Geological Map of Egypt, NH36SW Sheet of Beni Suef, 1:500000. Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation and Conoco, Cairo

El Zarka MH (1983) Mode of hydrocarbon generation and prospects of the northern part of the Western Desert, Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 1:295–304

El-Fawal FM, El-Asmar HM, Sarhan MA (2013) Depositional evolution of the Middle–Upper Eocene rocks, Fayum area, Egypt. Arab J Geosci 6:749–760CrossRef

EL-Younsy AR, Mansour HH, Youssef MM, Makram MHM (1999) Sedimentology and mineralogy of the Upper Eocene-Oligocene sequence northwest Birket Qarun, Fayum Depression, Western Desert, Egypt. In: Proceedings of the first international conference on the Geology of Africa. Assiut University, Egypt, I, 137–159

EL-Younsy AR, Obaidalla NA, Philobbos ER, Salman AM (2015) Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of the Campanian-Eocene succession, Gabal Oweina area, Upper Egypt. 8th International conference on the geology of Africa. Assiut Univ Egypt I:73–98

EL-Younsy AR, Obaidalla NA, Philobbos ER, Salman AM (2017) High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous–Lower Paleogene succession, Gabal Qreiya area Upper Egypt. Arab J Geosci 10:531CrossRef

Embry AF, Klovan JE (1972) Absolute water depth limits of late Devonian paleoecological zones. Geol Rundsch 61:672–686CrossRef

Emery D, Myers KJ (1996) Sequence stratigraphy. Blackwell, Oxford, p 297pCrossRef

Fawzy A, Dahi M (1992) Regional geological evolution of the western desert, Egypt. Geol Arab World Cairo Univ 1:111–149

Galloway WE (1981) Depositional architecture of Cenozoic Gulf coast plain fluvial systems. In: Ethridge FG, Flores RM (eds.) Recent and ancient non-marine depositional environments. Special publication, society of economic paleontologists and mineralogists, Tulsa, vol 31, pp 127–155

Galloway WE, Hobday DK (1996) Terrigenous clastic depositional systems: applications to fossil fuel and groundwater resources 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin, p 489CrossRef

Gharecheloua S, Aminia A, Bohlolib B, Swennenc R, Nikandishd A, Farajpourd V (2020) Distribution of geomechanical units constrained by sequence stratigraphic framework: useful data improving reservoir characterization. Mar Pet Geol 117:104398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104398CrossRef

Gingerich PD (1993) Oligocene age of the Gebel Qatrani formation, Fayum, Egypt. J Hum Evol 24:207–218CrossRef

Guiraud R, Bosworth W, Thierry J, Delplanque A (2005) Phanerozoic geological evolution of Northern and Central Africa: an overview. J Afr Earth Sci 43:83–143CrossRef

Haq BU, Hardenbol J, Vail PR (1987) Chronology of fluctuating sea level since the Triassic. Science 235:1156–1167CrossRef

Iskandar F (1943) Geological survey of the Gharaq El Sultani Sheet No. 68/54. The standard oil company of Egypt. SA, Report No. 57, 36

Ismail MM, Abdel-Kireem MR (1971) Contributions to the stratigraphy of the Fayoum Province. Bull Fac Sci Alex Univ 11:57–63

King C, Underwood C, Steurbaut E (2014) Eocene stratigraphy of the Wadi Al-Hitan world heritage site and adjacent areas (Fayum, Egypt). Stratigraphy 11(3–4):185–234

Koss JE, Ethridge FG, Schumm SA (1994) An experimental study of the effects of base level change on fluvial, coastal plain and shelf systems. J Sediment Petrol 64:90–98

Kostandi AB (1963) Eocene facies maps and tectonic interpretation in the Western Desert UAR. Revue de l’ Inst Fr du Pétrole 18:1331–1343

Legler B, Johnson HD, Hampson GJ, Massart BYG, Jackson C-L, Jackson MD, El-Barkooky AN, Ravnas R (2013) Facies model of a fine-grained, tide-dominated delta: Lower Dir Abu Lifa Member (Eocene), Western Desert, Egypt. Sedimentology 60:1313–1356CrossRef

Mader D (1985) Depositional mechanisms controlling formation of coarse fluvial conglomerates in the Lower Triassic Continental Red Beds of Middle Europe. In: Mader D (ed) Aspects of fluvial sedimentation in the Lower Triassic Buntsandstein of Europe. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, vol 4, pp 251–280

Mahmoud MMM (1993) Contribution to the mineralogy and petrology of Gebel Qatrani, Fayum province, Egypt. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science EL-Minia University, p 240

Makram MHM (1998) Geological and sedimentological studies on the area northwest Birket Qarun, Fayum-Egypt. M.Sc Thesis, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, p 175

Mc Clusky S, Reilinger R, Mahmoud S, BenSari D, Tealeb A (2003) GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions. Geophys J Int 155:126–138CrossRef

Mc Gowen JH, Garner LE (1970) Physiographic features and stratification types of coarse-grained point bars: modern and ancient examples. Sedimentology 14:77–111CrossRef

Miall AD (1986) Eustatic sea-level changes interpreted from seismic stratigraphy: a critique of the methodology with particular reference to the North Sea Jurassic record. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 70:131–137

Miall AD (1991) Stratigraphic sequences and their chronostratigraphic correlation. J Sediment Petrol 61:497–505

Moody-Stuart M (1966) High and low sinuosity stream deposits with examples from the Devonian of Spitsbergen. J Sed Petrol 36:1102–1117CrossRef

Obaidalla NA, Eounsy AR, Philobbos ER, Salman AM (2017) Impact of the African/Arabian and Eurasian plates collision on the evolution of the upper cretaceous-lower paleogene sedimentary basin, eastern Desert, Egypt. Int J Ecol Sci Environ Eng 4(5):51–71

Peters SE, Antar MSM, Zalmout IS, Gingerich PD (2009) Sequence stratigraphic control on preservation of late Eocene whales and other vertebrates at Wadi Al-Hitan, Egypt. Palaios 24:290–302CrossRef

Pettijhon FJ, Potter PN, Siever R (1973) Sand and sandstone. Springer, Berlin, p 617CrossRef

Posamentier HW, Allen GP (1999) Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy- concepts and applications: society of economic paleontologists and mineralogists. Concepts Sedimentol Paleontol 7:210

Posamentier HW, James DP (1993) An overview of sequence stratigraphic concepts: uses and abuses. In: Posamentier HW, Haq BU, Allen GP (eds) Sequence stratigraphy and facies associations. Special publications, International Association of Sedimentologists, vol 18, pp 3–18

Posamentier HW, Vail PR (1988) Eustatic controls on clastic deposition. II. Sequence and systems tract models. In: Wilgus CK, Hastings BS, Kendall CGSC, Posamentier HW, Ross CA, Van Wagoner JC (eds) Sea level changes––an integrated approach, SEPM Special Publication, vol 42, pp 125–154

Rasmussen DT, Bown TM, Simons EL (1992) The Eocene–Oligocene transition in continental Africa. In: Prothero DR, Berggren WA (eds) Eocene–oligocene climatic and biotic evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 548–566CrossRef

Reineck HE, Singh IB (1973) Depositional sedimentary environments, with reference to Terrigenous Classics. Springer, Berlin, p 439CrossRef

Saber SG (1988) Stratigraphy and facies analysis of the Eocene rocks in the area between Fayoum and Nile Valley. Egypt Earth Sci Ser 12:106–122

Said R (1962) The geology of Egypt. Elsevier pub. Co., Amsterdam, p 377

Said R (1990) The geology of Egypt. A. A Balkema, Rotterdam, p 734

Salem R (1976) Evaluation of Eocene—Miocene sedimentation patterns in parts of Northern Egypt . AAPG Bull 60:34–64

Schumm SA (1993) River response to base level change: implications for sequence stratigraphy. J Geol 101:279–294CrossRef

Selim SS (2017) Sedimentological architecture, shelf-edge trajectories and evolution of an Oligocene reservoir. East Nile Delta Geol Mag 155(3):747–771CrossRef

Sestini G (1984) Tectonic and sedimentary history of NE African margin (Egypt/Libya). In: Dixon JE, Robertson AHF (eds.) The geological evolution of the eastern mediterranean, Geological Society London Special Publication, vol 17, pp 161–175

Shanley KW (1991) Sequence stratigraphic relationships and facies architecture of Turonian-Campanian strata, Kaiparowits Plateau, south-central Utah, PhD dissertation, Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, p 390

Shanley KW, McCabe PJ (1989) Sequence stratigraphic relationships and facies architecture of Turonian-Campanian strata, Kaiparowits Plateau, south-central Utah. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 73:410–411

Shanley KW, McCabe PJ (1990) Tidal influence in fluvial strata-a key element in high resolution sequence stratigraphic correlation. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 74:762–764

Shanley KW, McCabe PJ (1991) Predicting facies architecture through sequence stratigraphy-an example from the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah. Geology 19:742–745CrossRef

Shanley KW, McCabe PJ (1994) Perspective on the sequence stratigraphy of continental strata. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 78:544–568

Shata A (1953) New light on structural developments of the Western Desert of Egypt. Inst Désert Egypte Bull 3:101–106

Smith AG (1971) Alpine deformation and the oceanic areas of Tethys, Mediterranean and Atlantic. Geol Soc Am Bull 82:2039–2070CrossRef

Strougo A, Faris M, Haggag MAY, Abul-Nasr RA, Gingerich PD (2013) Planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy through the middle to late Eocene transition at Wadi Hitan, Fayum Province, Egypt. Contrib Mus Paleontol Univ Mich 32:111–138

Swedan AH (1986) Contribution to the geology of Fayum area, Ph. D. Thesis, Faculty of Science Cairo University, p 255

Swedan AH (1992) Stratigraphy of the Eocene sediments in the Fayum area. Ann Geol Surv Egypt 18:157–166

Tawadros EE (2011) Geology of north Africa. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, p 931CrossRef

Vail PR, Mitchum RM, Thompson S (1977) Seismic stratigraphy and global sea level, part 3: relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap. In: CE Payton (ed.) Seismic stratigraphy- applications to hydrocarbon exploration, American Association of petroleum geologists Memoirs. No. 26, 63–81

Vail PR, Audemard F, Bowman SA, Eisner PN, Perez-Cruz C (1991) The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics, eustasy and sedimentology—an overview. In: Einsele G, Ricken W, Seilacher A (eds) Cycles and events in stratigraphy. Springer, Berlin, pp 617–659

Van Wagoner JC, Mitchum JRM, Campion KM, Rahmanian VD (1990) Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs, core, and outcrops: concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Methods Explor Ser 7:1–55

Walker RG (1990) Facies modelling and sequence stratigraphy. J Sediment Petrol 60:777–786CrossRef

Wanas HA (1992) Sedimentological studies of the Eocene rocks in the Fayum Province. M. SC. Thesis, Faculty of Science Menofia University

Westcott WA (1993) Geomorphic thresholds and complex response of fluvial systems-some implications for sequence stratigraphy. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 77:208–218

Youssef EAA, Abdel Fattah MA, Refaat A (2006) Sequence stratigraphy of the Late Eocene/Oligocene alluvial/paralic succession in the Fayium area, Western Desert, Egypt. Bull Tethys Geol Soc 1:59–70

Zalat AA (1995) Calcareous nannoplankton and diatoms from the Eocene/Pliocene sediments, Fayoum depression, Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 20:227–244CrossRef

Titel: Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Upper Eocene–Oligocene succession, northwest Birket Qarun, Fayum-Egypt
verfasst von: Ahmed-Reda M. El-Younsy
Abdelhamid M. Salman
Publikationsdatum: 01.05.2021
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Environmental Earth Sciences / Ausgabe 9/2021
Print ISSN: 1866-6280
Elektronische ISSN: 1866-6299
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09646-y

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2021

Development of numerical land surface temperature model of Jeju Island, South Korea based on finite element method

Time-lag characteristics of the response of karst springs to precipitation in the northern China

Hydrogeochemical and spatial assessment of groundwater quality from basement aquifers in the Central Plateau Region of Burkina Faso, West Africa

Multivariate prediction of nitrogen concentration in a stream using regression models

Landslide susceptibility mapping with GIS in high mountain area of Nepal: a comparison of four methods

Mechanical characteristics and deformation control of surrounding rock in weakly cemented siltstone