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Service-Oriented Computing

ICSOC 2010 International Workshops, PAASC, WESOA, SEE, and SOC-LOG, San Francisco, CA, USA, December 7-10, 2010, Revised Selected Papers

herausgegeben von: E. Michael Maximilien, Gustavo Rossi, Soe-Tsyr Yuan, Heiko Ludwig, Marcelo Fantinato

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book constitutes the joint post-proceedings of four topical workshops held as satellite meetings of the 8th International Conference on service-oriented computing, ICSOC 2010, held in San Francisco, CA, USA in December 2010. The 23 revised papers presented together with four introductory descriptions are organized in topical sections corresponding to the individual workshops: performance assessment and auditing in service computing (PAASC 2010), engineering service-oriented applications (WESOA 2010), services, energy and ecosystems (SEE 2010), and service-oriented computing in logistics (SOC-LOG 2010)

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

PAASC 2010 Workshop

Introduction to the First International Workshop on Performance Assessment and Auditing in Service Computing (PAASC 2010)

Abstract

The main goal of the International Workshop on Performance Assessment and Auditing in Service Computing (PAASC) was to bring together researchers and industry representatives, providing them the opportunity to present research and development results, discus lessons learned (e.g., from designing, building and using services), and advance novel ideas on topics in the area of performance assessment and auditing in service computing. Technical papers of very good quality have been submitted, of which only 5 papers have been accepted.

Claudia-Melania Chituc

A Case Study on Optimizing Web Service Monitoring Configurations

Abstract

Whilst monitoring web services provides benefits in terms of demonstrating that Service Level Agreements (SLAs) have been met, monitoring comes with a cost on the QoS of delivered services. We present the application of our method for optimizing the configuration of a suite of web service monitors in order to minimise the QoS impacts of monitoring on a web service provider. We discuss the actions required for optimization, and benefits that were achieved. Through this case study, we highlight the possible benefits of optimization to a web service provider, and give details on how we achieve optimization.

Garth Heward, Jun Han, Ingo Müller, Jean-Guy Schneider, Steve Versteeg

Configuration Decision Making Using Simulation-Generated Data

Abstract

As service-oriented systems grow larger and more complex, so does the challenge of configuring the underlying hardware infrastructure on which their consitituent services are deployed. With more configuration options (virtualized systems, cloud-based systems, etc.), the challenge grows more difficult. Configuring service-oriented systems involves balancing a competing set of priorities and choosing trade-offs to achieve a satisfactory state. To address this problem, we present a simulation-based methodology for supporting administrators in making these decisions by providing them with relevant information obtained using inexpensive simulation-generated data. Our services-aware simulation framework enables the generation of lengthy simulation traces of the system’s behavior, characterized by a variety of performance metrics, under different configuration and load conditions. One can design a variety of experiments, tailored to answer specific system-configuration questions, such as, “what is the optimal distribution of services across multiple servers” for example. We relate a general methodology for assisting administrators in balancing trade-offs using our framework and we present results establishing benchmarks for the cost and performance improvements we can expect from run-time configuration adaptation for this application.

Michael Smit, Eleni Stroulia

On the Formal Specification of Regulatory Compliance: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

Today’s business environment demands a high rate of compliance of service-enabled business processes with which enterprises are required to cope. Thus, a comprehensive compliance management framework is required such that compliance management must crosscut all the stages of the complete business process lifecycle, starting from the very early stages of business process design. Formalizing compliance requirements based on a formal foundation of an expressive logical language enables the application of associated verification and analysis tools to ensure the compliance. In this paper, we have conducted a comparative analysis between three languages that can be used as the formal foundation of business process compliance requirements, focusing on design time phase. Two main families of languages have been identified, which are: the temporal and deontic families of logic. In particular, we have considered LTL, CTL and FCL. The comparative analysis is based on the capabilities and limitations of each language and a set of required identified features.

Amal Elgammal, Oktay Turetken, Willem-Jan van den Heuvel, Mike Papazoglou

Performance and Cost Assessment of Cloud Services

Abstract

Architecting applications for the Cloud is challenging due to significant differences between traditional hosting and Cloud infrastructure setup, unknown and unproven Cloud performance and scalability characteristics, as well as variable quota limitations. Building workable cloud applications therefore requires in-depth insight into the architectural and performance characteristics of each cloud offering, and the ability to reason about tradeoffs and alternatives of application designs and deployments. NICTA has developed a Service Oriented Performance Modeling technology for modeling the performance and scalability of Service Oriented applications architected for a variety of platforms. Using a suite of cloud testing applications we conducted in-depth empirical evaluations of a variety of real cloud infrastructures, including Google App Engine, Amazon EC2, and Microsoft Azure. The insights from these experimental evaluations, and other public/published data, were combined with the modeling technology to predict the resource requirements in terms of cost, application performance, and limitations of a realistic application for different deployment scenarios.

Paul Brebner, Anna Liu

Towards Assessing Performance in Service Computing

Abstract

Enterprises increasingly choose to focus on core competences and often outsource different services in order to achieve set goals. Although extensive research and development work is pursued on service computing, the main focus is on technical aspects. Business and economic issues in the context of service computing receive little attention. The scope of this article is to present preliminary results of an on-going research project aiming at advancing research in the area of economic performance assessment in service computing by developing a conceptual framework and metrics useful for economic performance analysis. Issues addressed in this article pertain to synthesize and discuss economic theories and approaches relevant for modeling and assessing the economic performance in service computing (e.g., game theory, graph theory, transaction cost economics, decision theory), emphasizing their strengths and weaknesses. Research challenges are then briefly discussed.

Claudia-Melania Chituc

WESOA 2010 Workshop

Engineering Service-Oriented Applications 6th International Workshop WESOA 2010

Abstract

Many of today’s large-scale software projects in the area of distributed systems and especially enterprise IT adopt service-oriented software architecture and technologies. For these projects, availability of sound software engineering principles, methodology and tool support is of utmost importance. However, traditional software engineering approaches are not fully appropriate for the development of service-oriented applications. The limitations of traditional methods in the context of service-oriented computing have led to the emergence of Software Service Engineering (SSE) as a specialist discipline, but research in this area is still immature and many open issues remain. The WESOA workshop series brings together research community and industry practitioners in order to develop comprehensive engineering principles, methodologies and tool support for the entire software development lifecycle (SDLC) of service-oriented applications.

Christian Zirpins, George Feuerlicht, Winfried Lamersdorf, Guadalupe Ortiz

Adaptation of Web Services Based on QoS Satisfaction

Abstract

Requirements of Service Based Applications (SBAs) tend to change during the life cycle of the service. Therefore, adaptation and evolution of services become a necessity in order to provide the agreed Quality of Service (QoS) stated in a contract between the service provider and requestor. Recently, many adaptation methods have been proposed in the literature. However, there is no overall consensus in selecting the best strategy and the consequences of adaptation are usually neglected. In this paper, we propose an approach for service adaptation through defining a flexible service description using fuzzy parameters. This approach provides a compatibility mechanism that measures the aggregated satisfaction value of offered services to understand to what extent the quality changes are satisfiable according to the existing contract. According to the degree of satisfaction function we then propose our adaptation/evolution strategy.

Barbara Pernici, S. Hossein Siadat

CAGE: Customizable Large-Scale SOA Testbeds in the Cloud

Abstract

Large-scale and complex distributed systems are increasingly implemented as SOAs. These comprise diverse types of components, e.g., Web services, registries, workflow engines, and services buses, that interact with each others to establish composite functionality. The drawback of this trend is that testing of complex SOAs becomes a challenging task. During the development phase, testers must verify the system’s correct functionality, but often do not have access to adequate testbeds. In this paper, we present an approach for solving this issue. We combine the Genesis2 testbed generator, that emulates SOA environments, with Cafe, a framework for provisioning of component-based applications in the cloud. Our approach allows to model large-scale service-based testbed infrastructures, to specify their behavior, and to deploy these automatically in the cloud. As a result, testers can emulate required environments on-demand for evaluating SOAs at runtime.

Lukasz Juszczyk, Daniel Schall, Ralph Mietzner, Schahram Dustdar, Frank Leymann

Engineering High Performance Service-Oriented Pipeline Applications with MeDICi

Abstract

The pipeline software architecture pattern is commonly used in many application domains to structure a software system. A pipeline comprises a sequence of processing steps that progressively transform data to some desired outputs. As pipeline-based systems are required to handle increasingly large volumes of data and provide high throughput services, simple scripting-based technologies that have traditionally been used for constructing pipelines do not scale. In this paper we describe the MeDICI Integration Framework (MIF), which is specifically designed for building flexible, efficient and scalable pipelines that exploit distributed services as elements of the pipeline. We explain the core runtime and development infrastructures that MIF provides, and demonstrate how MIF has been used in two complex applications to improve performance and modifiability.

Ian Gorton, Adam Wynne, Yan Liu

Facilitating Enterprise Service Discovery for Non-technical Business Users

Abstract

Enterprise Services (ES) are Web services with which enterprise applications expose a subset of their functionality. Due to the often high number of different ES, as well as the complex nature of their names, it is difficult for non-technical business users to discover services in ES repositories. However, most of this complexity stems from a SOA governance-driven service design process that is essential to the development of harmonized and long-lasting ES. Based on the example of SAP’s ES, we describe a representational model that consolidates existing models and patterns used during the service design process. We created an iterative search approach that uses this consolidated metadata. The evaluation of the approach with real business users, based on a prototypical implementation, demonstrates that our iterative search is more efficient and effective than the currently offered search.

Marcus Roy, Basem Suleiman, Ingo Weber

Hypermedia-Driven RESTful Service Composition

Abstract

Representational State Transfer (REST) services are gaining momentum as a lightweight approach for the provision of services on the Web. Unlike WSDL-based services, in REST the set of operations is reduced, standardized, with well known semantics, and changes the resource’s state. Few attempts have been proposed to support composition models for REST, they are mainly operation-centric and fail to acknowledge the hypermedia nature of REST, that is, clients must inspect the served resource state and choose the link to follow from there. We explore RESTful service composition as it is driven by the hypermedia net that is dynamically created while a client interacts with a server resulting in a light-weight approach. We based our proposal on a hypermedia-centric REST service description, the Resource Linking Language (ReLL) and Petri Nets as a mechanism for describing the machine-client navigation.

Rosa Alarcon, Erik Wilde, Jesus Bellido

Process Restructuring in the Presence of Message-Dependent Variables

Abstract

When services interact, issues can be caused by service implementations being stateful because a stateful implementation requires a certain message exchange protocol to be followed. At present, a model of such a message exchange protocol is seldom complete and precise, mainly because the available analysis techniques for its derivation suffer from drawbacks: most prominently the neglect of data. Process restructuring allows for the increase of precision of such a data-unaware analysis by resolving conditional into unconditional control flow in service implementations and hence eliminating the need to consider data. But the restructuring approach so far has been restricted to cases where conditions of data-based choices have been defined over quasi-constant variables only. In this paper we introduce a restructuring technique that also allows us to resolve data-based choices with conditions over variables whose value is determined by the contents of incoming messages.

Thomas S. Heinze, Wolfram Amme, Simon Moser

Simple Metric for Assessing Quality of Service Design

Abstract

Service design has been the subject of intense research interest and there is a wide agreement about the key principles that lead to good quality design of services. However, there is evidence that achieving good quality design of services in practice is difficult and that many service oriented applications suffer from low levels of reuse and are difficult to evolve. Recent research efforts include attempts to develop reliable metrics for assessing design quality of service oriented applications. In this paper we argue that poor reuse of services can be largely attributed to coarse-granularity document-centric services that are used extensively by SOA practitioners. We briefly discuss reusability in the context of domain-specific service-oriented applications and propose a simple design metric that estimates the level of data coupling between services based on orthogonality of interface data structures.

George Feuerlicht

Wisdom-Aware Computing: On the Interactive Recommendation of Composition Knowledge

Abstract

We propose to enable and facilitate the development of service-based development by exploiting community composition knowledge, i.e., knowledge that can be harvested from existing, successful mashups or service compositions defined by other and possibly more skilled developers (the community or crowd) in a same domain. Such knowledge can be used to assist less skilled developers in defining a composition they need, allowing them to go beyond their individual capabilities. The assistance comes in the form of interactive advice, as we aim at supporting developers while they are defining their composition logic, and it adjusts to the skill level of the developer. In this paper we specifically focus on the case of process-oriented, mashup-like applications, yet the proposed concepts and approach can be generalized and also applied to generic algorithms and procedures.

Soudip Roy Chowdhury, Carlos Rodríguez, Florian Daniel, Fabio Casati

SEE 2010 Workshop

Introduction to the First International Workshop on Services, Energy, and Ecosystem (SEE 2010)

Abstract

The first international workshop on Services, Energy, and Ecosystem (SEE 2010) focused on creating sustainable (green) energy-efficient services and fostering the growth towards a new eco-friendly world of services. Technical papers of high quality have been submitted, of which six were accepted (with a 60% of acceptance rate). Moreover, a keynote given by Professor Barbara Pernici presented an overview on research projects funded by the European Commission toward energy efficiency in ICT.

Barbara Pernici, Schahram Dustdar, G. R. Gangadharan, Patricia Lago, San Murugesan

A Dynamic Power Management Controller for Optimizing Servers’ Energy Consumption in Service Centers

Abstract

This paper proposes the development of a management controller, which balances the service center servers’ workload and hardware resources usage to locally optimize energy consumption. The controller exploits energy saving opportunities due to short-term fluctuations in the performance request levels of the server running tasks. The paper proposes Dynamic Power Management strategies for processor and hard disks which represent the main elements of the controller energy consumption optimization process. We propose techniques for identifying the over-provisioned resources and putting them into low-power states until there is a prediction for a workload requiring scaling-up the server’s computing capacity. Virtualization techniques are used for a uniform and dependence free management of server tasks.

Tudor Cioara, Ioan Salomie, Ionut Anghel, Iulian Chira, Alexandru Cocian, Ealan Henis, Ronen Kat

An Energy Aware Context Model for Green IT Service Centers

Abstract

In this paper we propose the development of an Energy Aware Context Model for representing the service centre energy/performance related data in a uniform and machine interpretable manner. The model is instantiated at run-time with the service center energy/performance data collected by monitoring tools. Energy awareness is achieved by using reasoning processes on the model instance ontology representation to determine if the service center Green and Key Performance Indicators (GPIs/KPIs) are fulfilled in the current context. If the predefined GPIs/KPIs are not fulfilled, the model is used as primary resource to generate run-time adaptation plans that should be executed to increase the service center’s greenness level.

Ioan Salomie, Tudor Cioara, Ionut Anghel, Daniel Moldovan, Georgiana Copil, Pierluigi Plebani

Creating Environmental Awareness in Service Oriented Software Engineering

Abstract

Carbon emission of IT is an issue. ICT energy consumption is expected to grow by 73% (instead of the originally targeted 26%) until 2020, and the service sector alone counts for 70% of the European economy. Energy consumption is a combination of what we use, and how we use it. Most green initiatives look at what types of devices do consume energy, and try to optimize their up-time as such. Few initiatives, though, measure how do software systems actually use these devices, with the goal of optimizing consumption of devices and computing resources. Basic research is needed to address this software optimization problem. The proposed approach is to make visible the environmental impact of software services by measuring it. In this way, we will become aware of the amount of energy needed by our software, and hence learn how to target software optimization where it is mostly needed. As a first step in this direction, in this paper we define three main problem areas to realize green service-based applications, and propose a service-oriented approach to address them. Thanks to that we can bring clarity in what entails managing and developing green software according to environmental strategies.

Patricia Lago, Toon Jansen

Towards Green Business Process Reengineering

Abstract

Information and communication technology has experienced a vast development and increased usage over the past few years. This development again yields to increasing energy consumption. In this paper we provide a research agenda that picks up this serious development and suggests first approaches how holistic energy efficiency could be introduced in enterprises without neglecting a company’s performance and competitiveness. We propose green Business Process Reengineering as one opportunity to make further development more sustainable with respect to the resources of our environment.

Alexander Nowak, Frank Leymann, Ralph Mietzner

Business Process Improvement in Abnoba

Abstract

A key element of any approach to meeting the climate change challenge is the ability to improve operational efficiency in a pervasive fashion. The notion of a business process is a particularly useful unit of analysis in this context. In the Abnoba framework, we enable business process management (and in particular, business process design/re-design) with explicit support for the environmental sustainability aspects of processes. This article extends our earlier work on the framework by introducing and elaborating a machinery for (semi-)automated process re-design discovery. The machinery leverages a library of process snippets/fragments, used to replace fragments from the library with fragments of the process design, such that the process re-designs meets functional-, process provisioning-, and compliance requirements and the sustainability profile is improved.

Konstantin Hoesch-Klohe, Aditya Ghose

Towards a Service-Oriented Energy Market: Current State and Trend

Abstract

The energy sector, which has traditionally been an oligarchic closed one, is undergoing major changes at all levels: more and more players are authorized to produce, deal and transport energy, and energy consumers are now in the position to also produce and trade energy. This new trend can be supported by Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) at all levels. In this short position paper, we overview the current situation of the energy sector and we indicate challenges for SOA to be addressed for a successful unbundling of the energy arena, thus providing a more efficient infrastructure with both environmental and economic benefits.

Giuliano Andrea Pagani, Marco Aiello

SOC-LOG 2010 Workshop

Introduction to the Second International Workshop on Service Oriented Computing in Logistics (SOC-LOG 2010)

Abstract

The purpose of the SOC-LOG workshop was to present and discuss recent significant developments at the intersection of service-oriented computing and logistics systems/supply chain management, and to promote cross-fertilization and exchange of ideas and techniques between these fields. The relation to ICSOC 2010 is that, on one hand, the conference addresses the core concepts such as interacting business processes, service composition, service operations, and quality of services, and on the other hand, would receive feedback, experiences, and requirements from a highly relevant application domain to validate and advance its current approaches. The technical program consisted of 4 full papers, 1 position paper (all being reviewed, with an acceptance rate of 56%), and 1 invited talk.

Joerg Leukel, André Ludwig, Alex Norta

Coordinating Distributed Operations

Abstract

In this manuscript, we discuss the need for, and present a new system architecture for cross collaboration among multiple service enterprises. We demonstrate the importance and inevitability of such collaboration along with challenges in its proper realization through several real-life examples taken from different business domains. We then show that these challenge are rooted in two key factors: unpredictability and responsiveness. The key contribution of this manuscript is the presentation of a new model, centered on an intelligent hub, for coordinating the logistics of cross enterprise collaboration. This hub is constructed in a manner intended to directly identify and solve the two key fundamental challenges of cross enterprise collaboration. As such, we expect it to outperform other means of collaboration across service providers. We demonstrate the potential for such performance using field examples.

Daniel Oppenheim, Saeed Bagheri, Krishna Ratakonda, Yi-Min Chee

Early Model-Analysis of Logistics Systems

Abstract

In logistics, as in many other business sectors, service-oriented architectures (SOAs) are offering the possibility for applications to interact with each other across languages and platforms, and for external services to be procured automatically through dedicated middleware components. In this setting, one of the critical business aspects that need to be supported is the negotiation of non-functional quantitative aspects, such as costs, leading to service-level agreements (SLAs) between business parties. In this paper, we present a formal, probabilistic approach through which services can be analysed in relation to the probability that a quality of service property is satisfied.

Freeha Azmat, Laura Bocchi, José Luiz Fiadeiro

Event-Driven Services: Integrating Production, Logistics and Transportation

Abstract

Today’s production processes are characterized by global supply chains, short lifecycles, and an increasing personalization of goods. To satisfy the demands for agility we must integrate the production with the logistics processes and knowledge about the underlying transportation services and infrastructure. This requires continuous monitoring and reacting to events. Service-oriented architectures have provided a platform for structuring services within and across enterprises. However, for an effective monitoring and timely reaction to emerging situations it is crucial to integrate event processing and service orientation. In this position paper we show how event processing and service orientation can be combined into an effective delivery platform for an integrated coordination of the flow of goods. We show how simple events, e.g. RFID tag detections or simple sensor readings, can be integrated into abstract events that are meaningful to invoke logistics services and improve the celerity of responses. We propose filtering, aggregating, and on-the-fly analysis of the continuous flow of events and make events persistent in an event warehouse for auditability and input to future planning processes.

A. Buchmann, H. -Chr. Pfohl, S. Appel, T. Freudenreich, S. Frischbier, I. Petrov, C. Zuber

Preselection of Electronic Services by Given Business Services Based on Semantic Concept Correspondence Applied for the Logistics Domain

Abstract

Service oriented environments consist of electronic and business services. Business services encapsulate core business activities whereas electronic services support the operation of business services by means of enterprise software applications. In environments with a large number of business and electronic services, methods for the selection of electronic services for certain business services are needed. This paper presents a conceptual approach for a preselection of electronic services that potentially fits the needs of a given business service based on semantic concept correspondence. The approach is based on the hypothesis that the higher the correspondence between semantically described concepts of business and electronic services the higher the probability of a match between them. This will support decision making during electronic service evaluation. The approach is elaborated based on certain requirements and evaluated by a use case scenario of the logistics domain.

Rolf Kluge

Realizing Process Modifications in Container Terminals with SOA – A Prototype

Abstract

This paper deals with changes in existing IT systems resulting from RFID-based process modifications in maritime container logistics. The article demonstrates how a SOA enables this IT adoption by functioning as a software layer between process and legacy system to enable flexible processes. In addition, the paper shows how we applied the service principles during the design and the implementation phase and perform the implementation by developing a physical miniature prototype to visually show how the modifications can easily be implemented by service-based computing.

Thomas Will, Thorsten Blecker

Backmatter

Titel: Service-Oriented Computing
herausgegeben von: E. Michael Maximilien
Gustavo Rossi
Soe-Tsyr Yuan
Heiko Ludwig
Marcelo Fantinato
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-19394-1
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-19393-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19394-1