1996 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Shafts
verfasst von : Robert J. Jenny
Erschienen in: Tunnel Engineering Handbook
Verlag: Springer US
Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive
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There are generally two modes of access to tunnel construction: through a portal providing direct access at the surface or through a shaft providing vertical access to the level of tunnel operations. Since urban land is valuable and interference with existing services must be minimized, most tunnels built through urban areas require shafts to reach the working area and to provide for removal of tunnel muck.