Skip to main content
Erschienen in: International Journal of Computer Vision 9/2018

24.03.2018

Sim4CV: A Photo-Realistic Simulator for Computer Vision Applications

verfasst von: Matthias Müller, Vincent Casser, Jean Lahoud, Neil Smith, Bernard Ghanem

Erschienen in: International Journal of Computer Vision | Ausgabe 9/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

We present a photo-realistic training and evaluation simulator (Sim4CV) (http://​www.​sim4cv.​org) with extensive applications across various fields of computer vision. Built on top of the Unreal Engine, the simulator integrates full featured physics based cars, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and animated human actors in diverse urban and suburban 3D environments. We demonstrate the versatility of the simulator with two case studies: autonomous UAV-based tracking of moving objects and autonomous driving using supervised learning. The simulator fully integrates both several state-of-the-art tracking algorithms with a benchmark evaluation tool and a deep neural network architecture for training vehicles to drive autonomously. It generates synthetic photo-realistic datasets with automatic ground truth annotations to easily extend existing real-world datasets and provides extensive synthetic data variety through its ability to reconfigure synthetic worlds on the fly using an automatic world generation tool.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Andersson, O., Wzorek, M., & Doherty, P. (2017). Deep learning quadcopter control via risk-aware active learning. In Thirty-first AAAI conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI), San Francisco, February 4–9, Accepted. Andersson, O., Wzorek, M., & Doherty, P. (2017). Deep learning quadcopter control via risk-aware active learning. In Thirty-first AAAI conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI), San Francisco, February 4–9, Accepted.
Zurück zum Zitat Bojarski, M., Testa, D. D., Dworakowski, D., Firner, B., Flepp, B., Goyal, P., et al. (2016). End to end learning for self-driving cars. arXiv:1604.07316. Bojarski, M., Testa, D. D., Dworakowski, D., Firner, B., Flepp, B., Goyal, P., et al. (2016). End to end learning for self-driving cars. arXiv:​1604.​07316.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, C., Seff, A., Kornhauser, A., & Xiao, J. (2015). Deepdriving: Learning affordance for direct perception in autonomous driving. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, ICCV ’15 (pp. 2722–2730). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2015.312. Chen, C., Seff, A., Kornhauser, A., & Xiao, J. (2015). Deepdriving: Learning affordance for direct perception in autonomous driving. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, ICCV ’15 (pp. 2722–2730). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1109/​ICCV.​2015.​312.
Zurück zum Zitat Collins, R., Zhou, X., & Teh, S. K. (2005). An open source tracking testbed and evaluation web site. In IEEE international workshop on performance evaluation of tracking and surveillance (PETS 2005), January 2005. Collins, R., Zhou, X., & Teh, S. K. (2005). An open source tracking testbed and evaluation web site. In IEEE international workshop on performance evaluation of tracking and surveillance (PETS 2005), January 2005.
Zurück zum Zitat Danelljan, M., Hager, G., Shahbaz Khan, F., & Felsberg, M. (2015). Learning spatially regularized correlation filters for visual tracking. In The IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV) Danelljan, M., Hager, G., Shahbaz Khan, F., & Felsberg, M. (2015). Learning spatially regularized correlation filters for visual tracking. In The IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV)
Zurück zum Zitat De Souza, C., Gaidon, A., Cabon, Y., & Lopez Pena, A.(2017). Procedural generation of videos to train deep action recognition networks. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). De Souza, C., Gaidon, A., Cabon, Y., & Lopez Pena, A.(2017). Procedural generation of videos to train deep action recognition networks. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Zurück zum Zitat Dosovitskiy, A., Ros, G., Codevilla, F., Lopez, A., & Koltun, V. (2017). CARLA: An open urban driving simulator. In Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on robot learning (pp. 1–16). Dosovitskiy, A., Ros, G., Codevilla, F., Lopez, A., & Koltun, V. (2017). CARLA: An open urban driving simulator. In Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on robot learning (pp. 1–16).
Zurück zum Zitat Fu, C., Carrio, A., Olivares-Mendez, M., Suarez-Fernandez, R., & Campoy, P. (2014). Robust real-time vision-based aircraft tracking from unmanned aerial vehicles. In 2014 ieee international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA) (pp. 5441–5446). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2014.6907659. Fu, C., Carrio, A., Olivares-Mendez, M., Suarez-Fernandez, R., & Campoy, P. (2014). Robust real-time vision-based aircraft tracking from unmanned aerial vehicles. In 2014 ieee international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA) (pp. 5441–5446). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1109/​ICRA.​2014.​6907659.
Zurück zum Zitat Furrer, F., Burri, M., Achtelik, M., & Siegwart, R. (2016). RotorS—A modular gazebo MAV simulator framework (Vol. 625, pp. 595–625)., Studies in computational intelligence Cham: Springer. Furrer, F., Burri, M., Achtelik, M., & Siegwart, R. (2016). RotorS—A modular gazebo MAV simulator framework (Vol. 625, pp. 595–625)., Studies in computational intelligence Cham: Springer.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaidon, A., Wang, Q., Cabon, Y., & Vig, E. (2016). Virtual worlds as proxy for multi-object tracking analysis. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 4340–4349). Gaidon, A., Wang, Q., Cabon, Y., & Vig, E. (2016). Virtual worlds as proxy for multi-object tracking analysis. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 4340–4349).
Zurück zum Zitat Gaszczak, A., Breckon, TP., & Han, J. (2011). Real-time people and vehicle detection from UAV imagery. In J. Röning, D. P. Casasent, & E. L. Hall (Eds.), IST/SPIE electronic imaging, international society for optics and photonics (Vol. 7878, pp. 78,780B-1-13). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.876663. Gaszczak, A., Breckon, TP., & Han, J. (2011). Real-time people and vehicle detection from UAV imagery. In J. Röning, D. P. Casasent, & E. L. Hall (Eds.), IST/SPIE electronic imaging, international society for optics and photonics (Vol. 7878, pp. 78,780B-1-13). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1117/​12.​876663.
Zurück zum Zitat Koutník, J., Cuccu, G., Schmidhuber, J., & Gomez, F. (2013). Evolving large-scale neural networks for vision-based reinforcement learning. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, ACM, New York, NY, USA, GECCO ’13 (pp. 1061–1068). https://doi.org/10.1145/2463372.2463509. Koutník, J., Cuccu, G., Schmidhuber, J., & Gomez, F. (2013). Evolving large-scale neural networks for vision-based reinforcement learning. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, ACM, New York, NY, USA, GECCO ’13 (pp. 1061–1068). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1145/​2463372.​2463509.
Zurück zum Zitat Kristan, M., Pflugfelder, R., Leonardis, A., Matas, J., Čehovin, L., Nebehay, G., et al. (2014). The visual object tracking vot2014 challenge results. In Computer Vision—ECCV 2014 Workshops (pp. 191–217). Springer. Kristan, M., Pflugfelder, R., Leonardis, A., Matas, J., Čehovin, L., Nebehay, G., et al. (2014). The visual object tracking vot2014 challenge results. In Computer Vision—ECCV 2014 Workshops (pp. 191–217). Springer.
Zurück zum Zitat Lillicrap, T. P., Hunt, J. J., Pritzel, A., Heess, N., Erez, T., Tassa, Y., et al. (2016). Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning. arXiv:1509.02971. Lillicrap, T. P., Hunt, J. J., Pritzel, A., Heess, N., Erez, T., Tassa, Y., et al. (2016). Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning. arXiv:​1509.​02971.
Zurück zum Zitat Mnih, V., Badia, A. P., Mirza, M., Graves, A., Lillicrap, T., Harley, T., et al. (2016). Asynchronous methods for deep reinforcement learning. In International conference on machine learning (pp. 1928–1937). Mnih, V., Badia, A. P., Mirza, M., Graves, A., Lillicrap, T., Harley, T., et al. (2016). Asynchronous methods for deep reinforcement learning. In International conference on machine learning (pp. 1928–1937).
Zurück zum Zitat Movshovitz-Attias, Y., Sheikh, Y., Naresh Boddeti, V., & Wei, Z. (2014). 3D pose-by-detection of vehicles via discriminatively reduced ensembles of correlation filters. In Proceedings of the British machine vision conference. BMVA Press. https://doi.org/10.5244/C.28.53. Movshovitz-Attias, Y., Sheikh, Y., Naresh Boddeti, V., & Wei, Z. (2014). 3D pose-by-detection of vehicles via discriminatively reduced ensembles of correlation filters. In Proceedings of the British machine vision conference. BMVA Press. https://​doi.​org/​10.​5244/​C.​28.​53.
Zurück zum Zitat Mueller, M., Sharma, G., Smith, N., & Ghanem, B. (2016a). Persistent aerial tracking system for UAVs. In 2016 IEEE/RSJ international conference intelligent robots and systems (IROS). Mueller, M., Sharma, G., Smith, N., & Ghanem, B. (2016a). Persistent aerial tracking system for UAVs. In 2016 IEEE/RSJ international conference intelligent robots and systems (IROS).
Zurück zum Zitat Mueller, M., Smith, N., & Ghanem, B. (2017). Context-aware correlation filter tracking. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). Mueller, M., Smith, N., & Ghanem, B. (2017). Context-aware correlation filter tracking. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR).
Zurück zum Zitat Pestana, J., Sanchez-Lopez, J., Campoy, P., & Saripalli, S. (2013). Vision based GPS-denied object tracking and following for unmanned aerial vehicles. In 2013 IEEE international symposium on safety, security, and rescue robotics (SSRR) (pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.1109/SSRR.2013.6719359. Pestana, J., Sanchez-Lopez, J., Campoy, P., & Saripalli, S. (2013). Vision based GPS-denied object tracking and following for unmanned aerial vehicles. In 2013 IEEE international symposium on safety, security, and rescue robotics (SSRR) (pp. 1–6). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1109/​SSRR.​2013.​6719359.
Zurück zum Zitat Qadir, A., Neubert, J., Semke, W., & Schultz, R. (2011). On-board visual tracking with unmanned aircraft system (UAS), American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, chap on-board visual tracking with unmanned aircraft system (UAS). Infotech@Aerospace Conferences. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1503. Qadir, A., Neubert, J., Semke, W., & Schultz, R. (2011). On-board visual tracking with unmanned aircraft system (UAS), American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, chap on-board visual tracking with unmanned aircraft system (UAS). Infotech@Aerospace Conferences. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2514/​6.​2011-1503.
Zurück zum Zitat Qiu, W., Zhong, F., Zhang, Y., Qiao, S., Xiao, Z., Kim, T. S., et al. (2017). Unrealcv: Virtual worlds for computer vision. In ACM multimedia open source software competition. Qiu, W., Zhong, F., Zhang, Y., Qiao, S., Xiao, Z., Kim, T. S., et al. (2017). Unrealcv: Virtual worlds for computer vision. In ACM multimedia open source software competition.
Zurück zum Zitat Ros, G., Sellart, L., Materzynska, J., Vazquez, D., & Lopez, A. (2016). The SYNTHIA Dataset: A large collection of synthetic images for semantic segmentation of urban scenes. In CVPR. Ros, G., Sellart, L., Materzynska, J., Vazquez, D., & Lopez, A. (2016). The SYNTHIA Dataset: A large collection of synthetic images for semantic segmentation of urban scenes. In CVPR.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah, S., Dey, D., Lovett, C., & Kapoor, A. (2017). Airsim: High-fidelity visual and physical simulation for autonomous vehicles. In Field and service robotics. arXiv:1705.05065. Shah, S., Dey, D., Lovett, C., & Kapoor, A. (2017). Airsim: High-fidelity visual and physical simulation for autonomous vehicles. In Field and service robotics. arXiv:​1705.​05065.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah, U., Khawad, R., & Krishna, K. M. (2016). Deepfly: Towards complete autonomous navigation of MAVs with monocular camera. In Proceedings of the Tenth Indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ACM, New York, NY, USA, ICVGIP ’16 (pp. 59:1–59:8). https://doi.org/10.1145/3009977.3010047. Shah, U., Khawad, R., & Krishna, K. M. (2016). Deepfly: Towards complete autonomous navigation of MAVs with monocular camera. In Proceedings of the Tenth Indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ACM, New York, NY, USA, ICVGIP ’16 (pp. 59:1–59:8). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1145/​3009977.​3010047.
Zurück zum Zitat Smolyanskiy, N., Kamenev, A., Smith, J., & Birchfield, S. (2017). Toward low-flying autonomous MAV trail navigation using deep neural networks for environmental awareness. arXiv:1705.02550. Smolyanskiy, N., Kamenev, A., Smith, J., & Birchfield, S. (2017). Toward low-flying autonomous MAV trail navigation using deep neural networks for environmental awareness. arXiv:​1705.​02550.
Zurück zum Zitat Wymann, B., Dimitrakakis, C., Sumner, A., Espié, E., Guionneau, C., & Coulom, R. (2014). TORCS, the open racing car simulator. http://www.torcs.org. Accessed 1 June 2017. Wymann, B., Dimitrakakis, C., Sumner, A., Espié, E., Guionneau, C., & Coulom, R. (2014). TORCS, the open racing car simulator. http://​www.​torcs.​org. Accessed 1 June 2017.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, J., Ma, S., & Sclaroff, S. (2014). MEEM: Robust tracking via multiple experts using entropy minimization. In Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV). Zhang, J., Ma, S., & Sclaroff, S. (2014). MEEM: Robust tracking via multiple experts using entropy minimization. In Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV).
Metadaten
Titel
Sim4CV: A Photo-Realistic Simulator for Computer Vision Applications
verfasst von
Matthias Müller
Vincent Casser
Jean Lahoud
Neil Smith
Bernard Ghanem
Publikationsdatum
24.03.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
International Journal of Computer Vision / Ausgabe 9/2018
Print ISSN: 0920-5691
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-1405
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-018-1073-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2018

International Journal of Computer Vision 9/2018 Zur Ausgabe