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Erschienen in:
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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Small States and Integration: An Introduction

verfasst von : Steven P. Finizio

Erschienen in: Integration and International Dispute Resolution in Small States

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the themes the authors explore in the remainder of the book. It does so by weaving a red thread through the contributions. Importantly, the chapter lays the foundations for an in-depth understanding of what is a Small State and what makes scholarship regarding Small States so important.

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Nächstes Kapitel Small States and Regional Dispute Resolution Mechanisms: The Caribbean and Pacific Experiences
Fußnoten
1
At the time of the conference Herbert Smith Freehills Senior Research Fellow at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL).
 
2
My efforts to summarise participants’ contributions will undoubtedly be incomplete, and, while I am certain I have been inadequate in capturing the points made by participants, I hope I have not misstated or misattributed anyone’s contributions.
 
3
Thorhallsson and Wivel (2006), p. 653 et seq.
 
4
See Commonwealth Secretariat/World Bank Joint Task Force on Small States (2000), p. 3.
 
5
Thorhallsson (2012), p. 136.
 
7
Cf. World Bank (2016), Small States, available at http://​www.​worldbank.​org/​en/​country/​smallstates (last accessed 15 Oct 2017).
 
8
See Kurečić and Luša (2014), p. 272; Commonwealth Secretariat/World Bank Joint Task Force on Small States (2000), p. i.
 
9
Aiyar (2008), p. 462.
 
16
Berry (2014), p. 32.
 
17
Hilpold (2003), p. 224.
 
18
Small states members: Cape Verde, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau.
 
19
Small states members: Dijbouti, Mauritius, Seychelles, Swaziland.
 
20
Small states members: Botswana, Lesotho, Mauritius, Namibia, Seychelles, Swaziland.
 
21
Small states members: Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea.
 
22
McCann (2001), p. 294; Panke (2011), p. 4.
 
23
Panke (2011), p. 3.
 
25
Bravo (2005–2006), pp. 146–206, 149.
 
26
Bravo (2005), pp. 146–206, 159.
 
27
The Forum Island Countries (FICs) include 14 Pacific Islands: Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu. All the FICs are classified as developing economies. These countries are also sometimes referred to as the Pacific Island Countries (PICs).
 
28
See Kelsey (2006), pp. 391–419, 397.
 
29
The PACER Plus agreement has been signed by 11 countries. Text can be found here: https://​www.​mfat.​govt.​nz/​en/​trade/​free-trade-agreements/​free-trade-agreements-concluded-but-not-in-force/​pacer/​pacer-plus-full-text/​ (last accessed 15 Oct 2017).
 
30
See Chap. 7.
 
31
Fifteen countries are full members of CARICOM: Antigua & Barbuda, Belize, Commonwealth of Dominica Grenada, Republic of Haiti, Montserrat, Federation of St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Commonwealth of the Bahamas, Barbados, Co-operative Republic of Guyana, Jamaica, Republic of Suriname, and Republic of Trinidad & Tobago. Five countries are associate members: Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, and Turks and Caicos Islands. Eight countries have observer status. CARICOM members are mix of less developed and more developed economies.
 
32
Nine countries are members of OECS: Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines; as well as the British Overseas Countries and Territories of Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands and Montserrat.
 
34
See Chap. 4.
 
35
See Chap. 6.
 
36
See regarding the integration of small states in the international financial sector, Christopher Bruner, Chap. 7, Patricia Backhausen & Payel Mazumdar, Chap. 12, and Geoff Cook, Chap. 8.
 
37
See Chap. 8.
 
38
UNCLOS Annex VII Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Maritime Delimitation.
 
39
See Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru, Nauru v Australia, Preliminary Objections, Judgment, (1992) ICJ Rep 240 (Preliminary Objections, Judgment).
 
41
See, e.g., Klein (2014), p. 581; Nottage (2015), p. 81.
 
42
The WTO Committee on Agriculture has defined the term small, vulnerable economies as applying “to Members with economies that, in the period 1999 to 2004, had an average share of (a) world merchandise trade of no more than 0.16 per cent or less, and (b) world trade in non-agricultural products of no more than 0.1 per cent and (c) world trade in agricultural products of no more than 0.4 per cent.” WTO Committee on Agriculture Special Session, Revised Draft Modalities for Agriculture, TN/AG/W/4/Rev.4, 6 December 2008, at para. 157.
 
43
See Chap. 15.
 
44
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) provides a list of bilateral investment treaties at www.​unctad.​org (last accessed 15 Oct 2017).
 
45
Chap. 14.
 
46
See Chap. 10.
 
48
An example is the Hong Kong-New Zealand BIT http://​investmentpolicy​hub.​unctad.​org/​IIA/​mappedContent/​treaty/​1868 (last accessed 17 Nov 2017).
 
49
Compare, for example, in Occidental Petroleum v Ecuador, ICSID Case No ARB/06/11 (5 Oct 2012) a domestic law definition was applied, whereas an international law definition was applied in Burlington Resources v Ecuador, ICSID Case No ARB/08/5 (2 June 2010).
 
50
El Paso Energy v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/03/15 (31 Oct 2011) at 290, 295.
 
51
Yukos Universal Limited (Isle of Man) v The Russian Federation, PCA Case No. AA 227 (18 July 2014) at 1407.
 
52
Burlington Resources v Ecuador, ICSID Case No ARB/08/5 (2 June 2010).
 
53
En Cana v Ecuador (3 Feb 2006) at 177.
 
Literatur
Aiyar SSA (2008) Small states: not handicapped and under-aided, but advanced and over aided. Cato J 28:449–478, 462
Berry D (2014) Caribbean integration law. Oxford University Press, OxfordCrossRef
Bravo KE (2005) CARICOM, the myth of sovereignty, and aspirational economic integration. N C J Int Law Commer Regul 31:146–206
Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru, Nauru v Australia, Preliminary Objections, Judgment, (1992) ICJ Rep 240 (Preliminary Objections, Judgment)
Hilpold P (2003) Regional integration according to Article XXIV GATT-between law and politics. Max Planck Yearb U N Law 7:219–250CrossRef
Kelsey J (2006) Free trade agreements – Boon or Bane? Through the lens of pace. Vic Univ Wellington Law Rev 37:391–419
Klein N (2014) Who litigates and why. In: Romano C, Alter K, Shany Y (eds) The Oxford handbook of international adjudication. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 569–593
Kurečić P, Luša D (2014) The economic growth of small states and small economies in regional economic organizations and integrations: similarities and differences. J Edu Cult Soc 1:261–284
McCann D (2001) Small states in globalizing markets: the end of national economic sovereignty. N Y Univ J Int Law Polit 34:281
Nottage H (2015) Commonwealth small states and least-developed countries in World Trade Organization dispute settlement. In: Soobramanien TY, Gosset L (eds) Small states and the multilateral trading system: overcoming barriers to participation. Commonwealth Secretariat, London, pp 81–104
Panke D (2011) Microstates in negotiations beyond the Nation-State: Malta, Cyprus and Luxembourg as active and successful policy shapers? Int Negot 16(2):297–317CrossRef
Thorhallsson B (2012) Small States in the UN security council: means of influence? Hague J Dipl 7:135–160CrossRef
Thorhallsson B, Wivel A (2006) Small states in the European Union: what do we know and what would we like to know? Cambridge Rev Int Aff 19(4):651–668CrossRef
UNCLOS Annex VII Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Maritime Delimitation
WTO Committee on Agriculture Special Session, Revised Draft Modalities for Agriculture, TN/AG/W/4/Rev.4, 6 December 2008, at para. 157
Metadaten
Titel
Small States and Integration: An Introduction
verfasst von
Steven P. Finizio
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Buch
Integration and International Dispute Resolution in Small States

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74572-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-74573-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74573-2_1