Smart Technologies for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development

The intensity from the sun is the most abundant, infinite, and clean of all the non-conventional energy assets at present. Photovoltaic technology is the optimal ways to absorb the solar power. In this paper, we study the solar power plant which is mounted at Shradha park which is having the installed capacity of 172.5 kW by using polycrystalline module and giving the optimal solution to increase the performance of plants in the form of modern devices like modern transformerless inverter & advanced reverse meter.

In three-phase power system with the presence of nonlinear sensitive load, the complexity of control design for dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) becomes serious issue for unbalance sag mitigation. Restoration of pre-sag value of load voltage requires freezing of phase lock loop (PLL) at the point of initiation of fault. The already in existent single-phase and/or three-phase synchronous reference theory (SRT) utilized for the design of control system for DVR shows poor response in restoration of unbalance voltage sag and harmonics in nonlinear load. Therefore, the ultimate objective of paper concentrates on design of robust controller based on single-phase SRT for DVR mitigating sag in sensitive nonlinear load. Hence, a new control concept has been suggested which incorporates fundamental component extraction required for nonlinear load. The suggested control scheme is phasor based which utilizes pre-sag mitigation technique by single-phase SRT. It operates on forward control strategy for better transient response. The proposed controller for DVR illustrates its effective performance carried out in MATLAB in the obtained results.

Modern digital AVR are consisting PID controller in forward path ensures fast response in the event of disturbance. Digital keypad is used for setting PID gains to improve performance of the system. Digital PID controller reads the error signal at regular interval unlike analog controller that reads the error signal continuously. Regular interval at which digital processor reads error signal is called sampling time that has substantial effect on the performance of the controller and consequently affects the stability of the power system where synchronous generator using digital excitation system is connected in parallel. This paper addresses the issues of variation of sampling time on the performance of digital excitation control system. Analysis is carried out using model of excitation control system, and result is duly validated using industrial controller board by using hardware in the loop experimentation.

Microgrid is a small-scale power supply network associated with Distributed Energy Resources. Nowadays DC microgrid has become a new subject of research due to addition of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles for small buildings and residential. In this paper, we have taken review of previous published work and based on that we proposed solar-based bidirectional VSC-based Battery Storage System for microgrid applications using flyback converters. To done so, we have make DC bus which takes DC voltage from solar panel stored in battery and given to dc load similarly generated dc power given to AC grid by using Inverter. A bidirectional AC-DC/DC-AC converter has also been designed to allow bidirectional power flow. With a flexible transmission of power in AC and DC grid with a proper battery backup protection, the converter will perform the inverter as well as rectifier operation properly. These modes of operation of voltage source converter (VSC) are controlled by microcontroller according to changing load condition. Both models are simulated on MATLAB, and result shows validity of proposed system.

Every building nowadays requires air-conditioning system which consumes very large part of their electrical energy consumption. It is found that locations like theaters, stadium, and corporate offices consume very large amount of energy which is about 45% of their total energy intake. Homes and offices are also the major consumer of energy through air-conditioning system. Hence, it is a need of hour to reduce the power consumption in every possible manner. Automation of air conditioning system is necessary for the user in order to reduce energy consumption and provide comfortable environment. In this paper, FUZZY logics are used in accordance with compact controllers to maintain the temperature close to the comfortable temperature. This paper proposes the idea to minimize user interface with the air-condition system and encourages use of different input methods directly from the surrounding. This system can save 16–25% of total energy consumed by the air-conditioners.

The smart network includes many sub-frameworks, for example, the Home Area Network (HAN), which are at risk and prone to be attacked remotely. A smart grid communication is meant to design a mutual authentication scheme and a key management protocol. This study is aimed with an efficient arrangement for HAN that analyzes a framework set-up for HAN. In this paper, we have analyzed three cases: First, we show the normal execution then execution along with attackers. Using mutual authentication, we overcome attacks. It has introduced a number of routing schemes for grid networks in recent years, and they provide different level of privacy protection at different cost. First, an unspecified key establishment process is performed to construct secret session keys. By using NS-2, the performance analysis such as energy, bandwidth is simulated. In this work, our primary concern is to identify the attacks in HAN.

This paper focused on stability studies when many generators are integrated with induction generator (IG) and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). As power system is a complex phenomena and reactive power compensation is a global issue, it needs to be addressed specially during transient conditions. The FACTS devices are best suited for compensation of reactive power. The focus is on multimachine system which is considered for analysis purpose. During transients, the performance of SVC and STATCOM was analyzed using robust PI controller. SVC with PI controller was found to be more reliable as compared to STATCOM when 3-Phase fault is created in simulation environment near the BUS 1 of generator, which is shown in system model. The performance evaluation of controller was studied and compared with SVC and STATCOM.

The main aim of this paper was to describe designing, modeling, and optimization of photovoltaic–wind hybrid energy system that can generate and provide techno-economical and reliable electricity to the rural areas of country with constraints renewable energy fraction and minimizing excess energy. The minimum excess energy generation with maximum renewable fraction is considered as the main constraints in this research work while optimizing the size of the components. This work has been devoted to design optimal hybrid renewable energy system for a community of 256 household of a small village of Vidharbha region named Dudhgaon near Arab Bori, Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India. For optimization procedure, daily load profile, solar irradiance, wind velocity, and scientific requirement of all components have been collected and used as input data. The main objective to design the system is to minimize net present cost of the system by considering the parameters like capacity shortage, renewable fraction, cost of energy, and excess energy. The research tools iHOGA have been used for the optimum design of hybrid photovoltaic–wind system. The residential, commercial, and community load has been considered for electricity demand calculation. The results show that the hybrid renewable energy projects are a good investment for Dudhgaon village which provide the minimum cost of energy to the consumers with reliable power supply.

The use of the electrical energy increases nowadays. This energy generated by using the fossil fuel that causes the carbon content, which is responsible for the pollution and increase the global warming. So this problem can be solved by using the solar energy, which is the renewable energy source. There are two main types of photovoltaic energy system, i.e., grid-connected PV energy system and standalone PV energy system. This paper presents the stand-alone photovoltaic solar energy system. Because this can be used in remote areas, rural area, where the national grid system is not available. In solar energy system, DC–DC conversion is an important step but due to this, the system will become more complex and increase the price of the system also reduces the efficiency of the system. So here, the single stage conversion of the solar energy uses such as PV panel, Inverter, and pump. The simulation is executed in the MATLAB SIMULINK Software.

In this work, designing and implementation of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) based on an artificial neural network is proposed. The output voltage of the selected photovoltaic array is controlled by a DC to DC boost converter in a way that the PV array generates the available possible maximum power correspond to the available solar irradiance and temperature. The neural network (NN) is capable of forecasting the required terminal voltage of the PV array in order to generate the possible maximum power. The pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, which drives the boost converter, is generated through a raspberry pi according to the forecasted terminal voltage. The terminal voltage of the PV array is controlled by changing the duty ratio of the PWM signal accordingly. The impact of the implemented NN toward the response time and the accuracy is discussed. NN based MPPT can provide a reliable solution.

Sanctuary and computerization is a leading distress hip our regular life. The line of attack to home based and industrialized computerization and sanctuary organization scheme is just about consistent nowadays. In this broadsheet, we have strained to grow these principles through joining innovative proposal procedures and technologically advanced a low-slung price home based and industrialized automated sanctuary systems. All and various desires just before persist by way of greatly as safe as houses for instance possible. The scheme of unassuming hardware circuit allows all operator in the direction of using this wireless home-based sanctuary organization through PIR sensor, gas sensor, smoke sensor, and main fuse failure sensor at home and industrialized.

The requirement of an improved output waveform quality has increased the research in the area of multilevel inverters (MLIs). Active neutral point clamped (ANPC) MLI being one the popular MLI, this paper proposes a new hybrid ANPC topology for nine-level operation. It consists of ANPC leg, an H-bridge, and a floating capacitor (FC) fed H-bridge. The voltage across the FC is regulated using redundant switching states which does not involve complex computations. This balancing can be achieved irrespective of load power factor and modulation index. Extensive simulations are performed to verify the validity of the proposed topology and its control scheme. The corresponding results attesting its merits are presented. Finally, a comprehensive comparison with other classic and latest MLI topologies is presented.

Nowadays, we are not confined to traditional education. We are on the verge to make our education system more job oriented by providing various vocational trainings to our students. The various universities and higher education are facing the problem of inadequate placement. Even the job providers have to quell ample amount of time to judge the potential candidates. The right placement is a challenge for both the recruiters and the candidates. The cognitive science and big data can untangle the conundrum. The main goal of this paper proposal can be stated as: To display the appropriate job offer from the job provider, select the perfect profile for the job at the right place at the right time, and connect the perfect profile to the job provider. The outliers must also be suggested with right start-ups.

To develop the technology utilizing renewable energy source more, this study proposes a building integrated energy system (photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC)). The proposed system is evaluated by the energy self-sufficiency rate in the case of seven cities in Tokai region, Japan. This study assumes that the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system provides the electricity to the household user in building and FC provides the electricity to meet the unsatisfied electricity demand. The FC is fueled by the H2 produced by electrolysis using the surplus power of PV. According to the design study, it has been observed that the monthly power production from BIPV as well as FC system is higher in spring and summer, while it is lower in autumn and winter among considered cities. The self-sufficiency rate of the FC system is higher with deceasing households’ number, and it has been clarified that the 16 households are more suitable. It has been revealed that people can predict the performance of proposed BIPV + FC system by the approximate curve of y = ax−b well.

The switched reluctance motor (SRM) is highly nonlinear machine. As this machine consists of torque ripples in its output characteristic, the main drawback of SRM is torque ripple. Because of this torque ripple, SRM contains vibrations and acquist noise. The SRM requires a controller to reduce the torque ripple. This paper presents the performance of the SRM without current or torque controller.

The harmonics distortion due to huge non linear loads is always a serious concern of any power system. The harmonics not only increases the distortion in the supply but causes the power factor to be lowered. To improve upon these conditions, various harmonic controllers are used in conjunction with the power system. The researchers and technocrats are working on various aspects to be improved for assured better power quality to be achieved. This paper have presented the comparison of various power controllers to improve the performance of the system. Active and passive both the methods are found suitable for various systems. This paper have tried concluding with the identification of the suitable controlling method of harmonics for PV systems connected to the non linear loads through the power grid. For the countries like India, photovoltaic will be the most contributing electricity source in coming future. This paper have presented the system with consideration of the filter requirement for improving the performance of the PV system in this paper. MATLAB implementation of the system is presented in this paper.

India produces abundant of industrial waste like bottom ash (CBA) and waste foundry sand (WFS) whose productive use or recycling and reuse is the best option available to reduce the threat caused by their disposal on environment. This research work aimed to find possibility of using both these waste materials in concrete for which study of characteristics of the materials is important. It is found that CBA needs to be processed before using in concrete. The results of Grounded CBA & WFS resemble within its permissible limit, and thus, these waste materials can be used as a substitute of cement and sand, respectively. Experiments are conducted on concrete containing CBA & WFS in the proportion of 10 and 6%, respectively. Through the experiment, we concluded that processed CBA & WFS can be partially replaced for cement and sand, respectively.

The study is based on production of Biomethane by using Napier grass along with co-substrate as a cow dung. The lignocellulosic content in Napier species increases with development of the grass. The principal cut gives more Biomethane potential than the later cuts since water-dissolvable sugars are higher in previous case coming about higher methane potential. The parameters like pH, moisture content, total solids, volatile and fixed solids, chemical composition, TSS, and TDS were measured. An economical bioreactor having 35 L working volume was designed for evaluating the biogas potential of above substrates and was operated at ambient temperature range 20–32 °C. The outcomes revealed that there was a continuous reduction in pH level, i.e., up to 4.6 during initial fifteen days since beginning of slurry feeding. The average gas production of continuous mode biogas digester and Batch mode digester containing of slurry feed gave a result of 0.43 and 0.34 m3/kg VS added, respectively, at an average temperature of 29.91 °C. The Napier grass test unit showed 88.38% VS removal during the studies and the chemical composition for the Yeshwant specie of Napier grass showed lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and ash content as 32.2, 35.9, 40.1, and 3.2%, respectively.

One of the main starling issues for the country is the quick progress of urbanization. The stakeholders should take this factor in interest for the efficient and intensified urban improvement of the nation. Distinctive variations have been observed in land use/land cover due to the significant preferment of the urban sector. Land cover is a physical substance at the surface of the earth. In recent years, the employment of remotely sensed data and geographical information system (GIS) has been broadly adopted for the consequence of spatial data technologies. The present study aimed to investigate and examine the urban growth and extension in association with land use/land cover of Doon Valley, Uttrakhand, India, using IRS satellite data for the period of 20 years (1995, 2005, and 2015). The three satellite images of 1995–2015, path row 146/39, were procured from the USGS domain. The ISO cluster unsupervised classification method has been opted to classify the satellite images. The several bands pertaining to multiple land use were distinguished from remotely sensed data through GIS platform. After the processing of the data set, the analysis results that there is a radical hike in the urban area, agriculture, and barren land, but the green cover and water bodies within the study area are reduced.

The accelerated advancement of urbanization in India is one of the prime alarming concerns for the country. For the better and promising urban development of the nation, this cause is taken into consideration by the town planners. The relentless advancement of the urban sector has inferred in acute variations land use/land cover. Focus on the wide use of remotely sensed data and geographical information systems (GIS) has commenced along with the initiation of land use/land cover variations. The current study examines the built-up growth and headway in Sardar Sarovar Singh Command Area, Gujarat, utilizing data from IRS satellite for the years 1992, 2000, 2008 and 2016. The four satellite images of 15 April 1992 to 1 April 2016, path row 148/44, were acquired from the USGS website. The technique applied to classify the land use/land cover was unsupervised classification method. The several layers pertaining to various land uses recognized from remotely sensed data were adopted through GIS. After the review and analysis of the data, it is resolved that there is a rigorous hike in the urban division and the green cover within the study area extent is abbreviated.

The conventional burnt clay bricks are usually employed for constructional purposes. However, there is another type of bricks called fly ash bricks that can also be broadly employed in all such works. When compared on the basis of weight and substantiality, this variety of brick is relatively better than the conventional bricks. Its application as chief crude material in the brick manufacturing will formulate adequate possibilities for its strait-laced and beneficial disposal and additionally support in environmental deterioration check to a vaster scope in the neighbouring regions of power manufactories as fly ash is being stockpiled as a rubbish element in great abundance around such power manufactories and producing severe environmental deterioration predicaments. The severe predicaments posed by brick manufacturers inflate unwanted outcomes such as soil erosion, deforestation, unwanted gas exhaustion, etc. As per statistics, 5000 acres of the uppermost cover of soil which formulate around 340 billion tones of clay is emptied out for bricks production, and annually we are able to employ 180 billion tonnes of conventional bricks. Therefore, such environmental predicaments can be subdued to a certain degree if fly ash bricks are employed for constructional purposes in place of conventional bricks and a lot of top covers can be conserved. This study aimed to interpret knowledge concerning about fly ash as a raw material in brick manufacturing and thereby establish and characterize its performances in an usual economical manner.

Globally, a widespread decline of the forest ecosystems and increasing fragmentation has been reported, yet there is no comprehensive assessment of degradation across the country. In this study, land cover change and fragmentation from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed for the state of Uttarakhand, using GlobeLand30 datasets at 30-m spatial resolution (GlobeLand30) developed by the National Geomatics Center of China (NGCC). Further, spatial patterns were analyzed, focusing on forest loss and patch matrices. The results show that during the last decade, vegetation cover has reduced by 523 km2, whereas the artificial surface has increased by 103 km2. Also, the fragmentation analyses show that the intact forests have reduced about 105 km2 resulting in more open and patchy forests. The paper also highlights the effectiveness of using global land cover datasets and digital techniques for monitoring the forest structure spanning over vast areas and to see the effectiveness of management policies in the long run.

Though numerous studies on marine debris are conducted with an emphasis on analyzing the composition, quantification, and distribution on beaches around the globe, studies are still restricted to some areas of the coast, and the quantities and the spatiotemporal patterns are unknown for the Indian Coastline. NOAA Marine Debris Program methodology was used to collect and quantify various debris along the two beaches in Chennai, East coast of India. On four occasions, debris were collected and were categorized according to the type, quantity, and source. The results demonstrate that the shoreline and recreational activities to be the major source of beach debris. Also, the results show a strong correlation between coastal activities and debris type, and this difference in debris sources explain the importance of framing different management and prevention strategies at different beaches. The study highlights the requirement to establish long-term monitoring protocols, to address the existing knowledge gap on marine debris impacts on the Indian coastline.

The super absorbent polymer (SAP) absorbs the water and forms gel results in increase in the volume proportionally. The gel form will act as a source for self-curing after final setting of concrete. In this study, poly acrylic acid (PAA) has been tried as self-curing agents and its effect on ordinary concrete was examined. This report is an experimental investigation in which PAA mixed with ordinary concrete in varying percentages. Poly acrylic acid available in crystal and powder form mixed separately with ordinary concrete, and its effect on properties of concrete was examined. Powder form of PAA was found to be more effective than crystal form. This may be because of crystal form of PAA provides additional void in the concrete mass. The concrete strength may get reduced because of porous nature in a concrete.

Due to the increasing population in world and excessive use of energy, there can occur condition where all energy generating resources can be depleted. As mainly energy is generated by nonrenewable energy resources and to save these resources, there is need to make alternative energy generating as well as energy saving material. In this paper, one such construction material is reviewed which can be also called as energy saving construction material named as light transmitting concrete—Litracon. Also its manufacturing, uses, its different properties, and its effect on power consumption are reviewed. In this paper, it is conclude that, various additives and replacement in material in manufacturing of Litracon which increases its efficiency and make it more effective.

India is honored with abundant of water assets; however, its colossal populace development has brought about poor per capita accessibility. Additionally in India, precipitation/Monsoon is not uniform at each place. A few zones are surplus with water then again some are shortfall with water. Around the same time, there is surge in one region and dry season in another. In the event that this water from surplus territory can be exchanged to water deficiency zone, then this issue can be dealt with to substantially more noteworthy degree. In the Nagpur region which is the examination region in the present work, it is observed that all stations have recorded normal yearly precipitation inside the scope of region typical yearly precipitation aside from at Hingni, Narkhed, and Kalameshwar where it is not exactly even an average. Thus, the water availability in the dam in water deficiency territory can be upgraded by moving water in it from dam with nearly greater limit by giving canal interlink between them two. A suitable interlink for connecting these dams has been suggested so that the water transfer will be by gravity.

The objective of this paper is to study the effect of GOMUTRA (A cow urine) on various parametersof municipal solid waste like temperature, pH value, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, odour, colour after 4–8 weeks withGomutra as stimulator. In the second part of the study, the quality of leachate is studied to analyze the effect of Gomutra on MSW.The results obtained in leachate quality after treating MSW with Gomutra indicate that the use of Gomutra can be an instrumental in efficient treatment of MSW. Gomutra has the potential to produce the fruitful and effective results. Hence, this method is very beneficial to control over the several characteristics of MSW.

Water is a basic need of human being and requires at every level of life. The widespread importance to the treatment of water is given by many researchers and scientists. But as the advancement in human life and processes because of increase in population, good quality of water requires at every hour of day. Water should meet the desired standards governs by the regulatory agencies and can fulfill the demand. The demand of water for the masses can be provided with the help of advance techniques. The treatment process involves various operations in water treatment plant out of which sedimentation plays very much vital role of removal of solids present in water. The removal of colloidal particles with high rate can be achieved through high rate settling after application of lamella settlers & tube settlers in settling tank. A system of lamella or tube settlers is a feasible solution for drinking water treatment process to increase treatment capacity within small duration. Further it reduces load on treatment units & improves effluent water quality and decrease operating costs at optimum level. Tube settler modules are available in various sizes which can fit on any tank size according to requirement and required designed length of tubes allow varied rate of flows. Year by year, advancement incorporated in the module & simultaneously addition in the extensive knowledge of the water treatment process is done. This paper emphasizes on the work which is carried out & the basic application, advancement in lamella & tube settlers done by various researchers.

Cement industry assumes significant part for outflow of greenhouse gasses. Thus, there is requirement for assembling of natural well-disposed cement. Geopolymer solid aides in lessen world-wide change in temperature and in addition fly ash transfer issue. This paper presents think about the impact of kinds of curing, temperature, curing time and rest period. Among all these, one parameter is kept as factor and remaining three kept constant. Well ordered all parameters are worked out. The different strategies for curing broke down by upgrading temperature, changing the rest time frame and for various curing time of GPC. Different curing techniques can be received are Oven curing, accelerated curing, Membrane curing, steam curing, wet curing and curing at room temperature. The Variation in temperature ranges from 60, 90, 120, 150 °C. Once the temperature for kind of curing is fixed at that point continue to curing time i.e. 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. After the curing time frame at given temperature and kind of curing is settle in the wake of testing time of cement. The rest time frame contrasts like 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 days. In this examination these factors are to be break down with the assistance of characteristic compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.

Chromium is a toxic metal pollutant found in effluent of electroplating and metal finishing industries. Copper aluminum oxide nanoparticles supported on alumina were synthesized and evaluated for the removal of Cr(VI) from water. The CANP-A was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The adsorbent was evaluated for the removal of chromium (VI) from water. The effect of adsorption time was studied. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model, and it is found that Langmuir model has maximum adsorption capacity.

Network analysis is a crucial thing of sorting route problem, shortest path and provide optimal route to daily transport vehicles. With help of proper route planning by network analysis gives quickest way and can sort out problem of longest facility of hospital, petrol centre, police station, etc. Closest facility is the also main factor while performing a network analysis for congested routes. Network analysis can solve single route transportation, and it is also capable of solving the multimodal route transportation. The single route transport means by roads and multimodal route transport means by railroads, roads and waterways. To solve route analysis, it means to find out the shortest route and to find out scenic route depend on the impedance. Impedance can give in the form of time which helps to find out the quickest route. The route has lower impedance value and less cost. Remote sensing and global information system (GIS) are the most useful technologies to take out data regarding network analysis and transportation network data sets. Remote sensing and GIS is related to the satellites information to be collected. Optimization of quickest and optimal route based on satellites data collected through computer and mobile-based app to simplify the critical and longest network facility. ArcGIS is software used worldwide to manage the route network facilities within the city or country. In developing and designing the smart city project, ArcGIS is mostly used for optimization of route planning process and location-routing problem (LRP). With the help of remote sensing and GIS technology, we should look for reduction in travel time and consumption of fuel. Location-based service helps me out to collect data with regard to bus user. After gathering all these bus stops data, it would be easy to find out correct location of bus stops. With the help of ArcGIS software, network analysis can be done to get shortest and optimal route for bus which will reduce travelling time and cost of transportation.

This paper deals with the review of the literature regarding the dynamic and static analysis of foundations resting on different types of soils. This study focuses on the application of various finite element analysis (FEA) methods for the designing and analysis of various foundations rested on different types of soils. The papers studied for the project dealt mainly with the use of FEA software ANSYS for the analysis of foundations and soil–structure interaction. Further, the areas where more research work is still needed are discussed.

Diaphragms are required to be designed as part of the seismic force-resisting system of every new building as they distribute lateral forces to the vertical elements of lateral force-resisting system. Concrete diaphragms consist of different element which plays an important role in resisting lateral loads. It can be conventionally reinforced or prestressed and can be cast-in-place concrete, topping slabs on metal deck or precast concrete, or interconnected precast concrete. For analysis of building structure, modeling of floor diaphragm plays important role. Diaphragms acts differently according to the configurations of the building and type of load acting on it. So it will require different methodologies to study their behaviors. This paper is an effort made to review the literatures available for modeling of floor diaphragms.

It is a well-known fact that soil–structure interaction plays vital role in governing the response of building during seismic activities. Also, for better stability of buildings during earthquakes, energy dissipation devices are widely used. This paper is an attempt to gather the work done by researcher to study the influence of soil–structure interaction and friction dampers. From the available literature, it was concluded that friction dampers which are designed and placed based on rigid base hypothesis may not perform same under consideration of soil–structure interaction. So, it is needed to study the performance of friction damper considering soil–structure interaction with suitable assumptions.

Steam curing results in gain of early strength of the concrete in comparison with normal curing. If the concrete develops considerable strength in its initial and ultimate stage, then curing plays foremost important role and on the other hand large curing time may lead to excess of cost of structure and sometimes may even lead to unexpected delay. Steam curing is one of important tools due to which erection of the formworks can be done at early age and can be used for other important works. Due to steam curing, the hydration process takes place at rapid rate and the double the strength in comparison with normal curing at 3 days and 7 days can be obtained. In this paper, silica fume has been used as partial replacement in collaboration with cement and also the comparative comparison was made between steam curing results and normal curing result. All the results obtained are for various mixes and are presented in this paper.

Various possible alternatives to OPC are being considered along with their benefits that may occur from these alternatives in order to mitigate the problems mentioned above especially in developed countries. In the development of shelter and other infrastructural facilities, the construction industry depends a lot on cement for its working. It then becomes extremely difficult for majority of the people to own their own houses. Thus, minimizing the global temperature and various pollution, cost of concrete, hence successful implementation under such raw materials plays a very important role and improves concrete. One of major construction materials in the world ordinary Portland cement is been used. Hence, supplementary cement replacement materials are arrived as waste product of the industries. The silica (SiO2) existing above raw material operates the free lime, and CSH is formed. Factors are responsible for the different properties of the sugarcane bagasse ash. To reduce the solid waste generated due to industrial processes, its utilization is one of the effective ways.

While examining a multi-storey building frame, routinely all the likely loads are applied in the wake of modeling the whole building frame. In any case, practically speaking the frame is developed in different stages. As needs be, the soundness of frame fluctuates at each stage. As we look to the method of rate of the loading, the development of the frame continues and some portion of the load is applied apparently, while the remaining piece of it is forced on fulfillment of the frame. There will be a change in loads consideration in linear static analysis in transient circumstance and consequently the results would not be appropriate and palatable. Subsequently the building structure ought to be dissected at each phase of development considering the load varieties. Finite element modeling considers the impacts of sequence of construction resulting in improvement of finite element analysis. Here it is termed as Construction Stage Analysis who considers all these constructional uncertainties. This paper deals with a two multi-story reinforced concrete building frames of various bay width and length, storey height, and number of stories utilizing ETABS 2016, trailed by the sequential stage examination of each model. Likewise, all full frame models are analyzed for static well as dynamic loads. At last, a relative investigation of axial forces and bending moments was done at each story for full casing model and construction stage model.

The advances of concrete technology proved that the use of mineral admixture such as silica fume, coconut shells, egg shell powder, Fly ash, and GGBS are necessary and essential for producing high-performance concrete. In addition, incorporation of these materials immensely helps to address environmental problem related to damage being caused by extraction of raw materials, CO2 emissions during cement manufacturing process and disposal of industrial waste by products. From last few decades, the use of metakaolin as a partial replacement to cement was increased tremendously only due to its high pozzolanic content. The present study shows the influence of metakaolin as a mineral admixture and steel fiber as an additional material, on properties of concrete. Metakaolin was blended with cement in various proportions to study the effect of strength on concrete. In this work, concrete was made up with Pozzolanic Portland Cement (PPC) to produce control mix and further replaced by metakaolin with 5, 10, 15, 20%, respectively. The mechanical properties of concrete were assessed by means of compressive strength, flexural strength of concrete. From the obtained results, 15% replacement of cement with metakaolin has higher compressive strength. The maximum compressive strength attained was 42.95 and 45.09 MPa. And it is greater than the normal concrete strength, i.e., 37.65 and 42.16 MPa for 28 and 90 days, respectively.

This study was based on experiments conducted to see the effect of Metakaolin (MK) concrete and Metakaolin (MK) concrete along with steel fibre on mechanical properties of concrete. The cement was replaced by metakaolin by 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% of total weight of binder. Steel fibre (SF) used for the study has aspect ratio 83.33. Total 21 mix proportions were prepared for study. Compressive, split tensile and flexural strength tests were used to analysed the effect of metakaolin and steel fibre on concrete samples. These tests were conducted after the 28th day and 90th day of curing period. The present conducted study revealed that the incorporation of steel fibre and metakaolin (MK) shows significant changes on mechanical properties of concrete.

In the past few decades, effect of natural hazards such as earthquake, wind etc. on existing structures has attracted the attention of designers. Progressive collapse is nothing but a condition of indigenous failure of prime structural element which in turn leads to the collapse of connecting members and then it leads to the additional collapse. For the case of progressive collapse, damage is included in the model through the elimination of important structural component like column. The progressive collapse design guidelines primarily suggest the simplified analysis actions occurred due to the sudden removal of specific columns in a building. The study of analytical approaches for evaluating progressive collapse is carried out by linear static analysis using Alternate Path Method (APM) recommended in General Service Administration (GSA) guidelines and the same is presented in this study. This study involves the use of various general methods of progressive collapse design & evaluation based on numerical mock up and experimental information. For this study, a multistoried composite building (i.e. G+7) is considered. The prime objective of this study is to analyze the composite building by removing columns at different locations and finding out critical location of column vulnerable to progressive collapse and also prevention of progressive collapse of structure using linear static analysis. Location of removed column, Number of floors, vertical irregularity were studied and their influence was also carried out in this research.

Concrete is most versatile and widely used construction material. It has ability to mould when it is fresh. It also shows remarkable strength and durability when it is hard. It is the material with large synthesis with capita consumption of 1.5 tonnes per annum as far as India is concern. OPC concrete which is designed only considering the compressive strength parameter does not meet other functional requirements. It shows adverse results in aggressive environments in terms of energy adsorption capacity during repair and retrofitting works. It results in need to design HPC with superior performance. HPC mixtures consists of the similar material components to conventional concrete, but with the proportions specifically designed for providing the strength and durability required in terms of structural and environmental requirements for the project. Use of supplementary cementing material of specific mineral origin usually plays an important role resulting in HPC. They can be used for various purposes depending on their properties and requirements. Chemical composition of mineral admixtures used with very low water cement ratio plays the vital role in enhancing properties of concrete. The use of supplementary cementing materials to produce HPC improves the strength and durability of concrete and at the same time help to dispose the industrial by-product (waste) reducing the alarming environmental threats. This paper described the study carried out to check the use and suitability of marble and porcelain waste powders through strength activity test along with analysis of role of their chemical composition to produced HPC.

Bendable concrete is one of the emerging term nowadays which is also called as ECC (Engineered Cementitious Composites) developed by Dr. Victor C. Li in 2001. Compressive strength of concrete is comparatively very high than tensile strength. But for the resistance to unknown tensile forces due to reversal of stresses as in case of earthquakes is the normal concrete fails catastrophically. Newly developed ECC is having higher tensile strength with same compressive strength. Cost of ECC is comparatively high than normal concrete due to the presence of PVA, (Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers). The main aim was to study the change in the original properties of ECC with the partial replacement of conventional cement with the slag sand. The study was done on both compressive strength and split tensile strength after 7 days and 28 days of curing. The cement in the ECC was replaced by slag sand, that is waste from iron industry in the percentage of 10, 20, and 30 by weight of cement.

The researchers and philosophers mainly focused on the quality and quantity of drinking water from last some decades. In this research investigation, the seed coats of Caesalpinia bonduc were found a predominant promising herb for the defluoridation from ground water. Method of adsorption was selected for analysis and experimental program for the range of pH (2–14), dose (0.5–5.0 g/L), time of contact (0–420 min), initial concentration of fluoride (2.5–15 mg/L), particle size (75–600 µm) with the agitation speed (150 rpm). Analyzed data checked for isotherms and found well fitted in case of Langmuir isotherm.

Flat slab though have pleasant aesthetes is critical in punching shear. The flat slab may have openings for various architectural concerns such as stairways or elevators, the transition of gas, electricity, water and air-conditioning systems, etc. This opening may be anywhere in the slab, but the most favourable location is the one next to the column since continuity of the carpet area is undisturbed. But, providing an opening adjacent to column implies providing the opening at the most critical location. Due to an opening adjacent to the column, the punching shear capacity is most affected, which results in the failure of the structure. One shall also notice the vulnerability of such type of failures since this type is a failure, brittle in nature; there are no signs of failure as a warning. The failure is sudden and may cause the collapse of the whole structure. To avoid such type of failure, one shall analyse the structure at the time of construction itself and take safety measure at the time of construction itself. The objective of this study is twofold—firstly, the size of the opening and secondly, the location of the opening in the flat slab. In this paper, seven different models/specimens have studied in which six models have an opening of size 1.2 × 1.2 m, 2 × 2 m or 3 × 3 m adjacent to column face. Openings are placed parallel to the face of the column or diagonal to the face of the column. And first model is the control specimen without opening. All these models are analysed by finite element analysis-based software CSI SAFE 2016.

Measurement of TSS is of interest and important to accomplish good quality control in wastewater treatment plants. This paper covers work towards the development of a soft sensor to estimate total suspended solids (TSS) in the effluent of a primary clarifier subsystem in a typical industrial effluent treatment plant (IETP). The data pre-processing has been done using 3σ edit rule, and statistical technique has been applied for the development of soft sensor to predict the clarifier effluent TSS as a function of clarifier influent flow rate and influent TSS. The data set has been collected from real-life plant located at Ahmedabad. A set of data is used for the soft sensor development, and other set of data has been used for model validation. The performance analysis has been evaluated based on the absolute percentage error, and it is observed that the absolute percentage error is less than 20%.

As cities grow in size, the vehicular trips on roads increase substantially. This necessitates adopting strategy to debilitate private transit modes and support public transport once the traffic volume level along any transit corridor in one way surpasses 8000 people for every hour. The introduction of a rail based Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) or Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) becomes essential. It has been observed that in developed countries, making arrangements for mass transit system start when population of city surpasses 1 million, and the system is in position when the city population is 2–3 million and once the population exceeds 4 million planned extensions to the MRTS are quickly taken up. Both the mass transit systems are taken into consideration and compared for analyzing the benefits and limitations of the systems. The comparative analysis was done by considering different BRTS and MRTS. In terms of investment, the both systems are very costly. In terms of environmental impact, the MRTS is more effective than BRTS. It was also observed that if Intelligent Transportation System is incorporated the service of both systems may result in enhanced efficiency. It can be stated that the combination of various public transportation systems should be planed during the stages of design considering the integrated approach as a need for good public transportation system

There are three opencast Coal Mine pits in the area, namely Pandharkawda OC, Marki OC, and Mini Marki OC. The Opencast Pit at Marki has an area of 44 ha and will attain a maximum depth of 50 mbgl with open pit mine life of 10 years. Pandharkawda Opencast is having an area of 40 ha with maximum depth of 45 mbgl having opencast mine life of 9 years. Mini Marki OC is the third small Opencast Pit which will start production in 28th Year i.e., after the closure of Pandharkawda Underground. It has a small area of 7.25 ha with life span of 3 Year (28th to 30th Year). Thus, the total opencast mining area is 91.25 ha. In the area, two underground (UG) patches are proposed namely Marki and Pandharkawda UG which will commence production after completion of opencast workings. These sections will attain a maximum depth of 150 mbgl. Life span of Marki UG will be 20 Years (10th to 27th Year) and that of Pandharkawda UG will be 18 Years (9th to 27th Year). Coal Mine is producing coal @ 0.30MTPA peak since 2017. The Coal Mine was operated for 3 years from 2011 to 2013 and again resumed production since 2017. Hence, the opencast mine Pandharkawda OC, Marki OC will last its operation till first 9 years, and underground Coal Mine will continue from 9th year onwards till 27th year. Total planned mine life of Marki Mangli-I Coal Mine is around 20 years whereas Mini Marki OC will start its operation from 27th years onwards till 30th year. Study for prediction of groundwater withdrawal for subjected Coal Mine was carried out pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period in year 2016 to quantify the groundwater withdrawal from coal mining operations. The predicted quantity of groundwater withdrawal from Coal Mine is used by mine management to create groundwater recharge structure to compensate the groundwater discharge during mine operations.

Ash disposal in particular and environment management in general has become a second important activity after generation of power by thermal method. A typical coal-based thermal power plant in taluka of Umred, Vidarbha is selected, generating power around 2 × 35 MW/day. Total ash bund area is around 4.5 ha. Daily Coal consumption is around 650 TPD to generate 35 MW/day. Daily water consumption is around 380 cum/day. Optimum daily power generation is around 32–34 MW/day. Per day slurry bottom ash pumped into Ash Pond is 52 TPD. Ash bund slurry samples, overflow from ash bund and groundwater samples were collected in December 2017 and May 2018. This study reveals that ash water is expected to recharge shallow aquifer around the bund and ash water channel.

Reinforced concrete (RC) structure is the most familiar structure in the field of civil engineering. It is necessary to monitor the health of these RC structures as it undergoes several changes during its life span and as such various techniques are available to do so. Electro-Mechanical Impedance technique (EMI) is a newly invented non-destructive technique which is becoming very popular in the community of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in which PZT sensors (surface bonded or embedded) are used as smart materials. These sensors are as such very sensitive and brittle in nature which are available in small dimension (10 mm × 10 mm × 0.2 mm). Due to this reason, these sensors are used in the form of Smart AGgregate (SMAG). This fabricated SMAG is embedded in the monitored structure. This research work focuses on detection of damage of shear deficient-reinforced concrete (RC) Beam before and after strengthening in shear. The Beams were rendered artificially deficient in shear in the form of no shear reinforcement. PZT sensor is used in form of SMAG. The conductance responses were obtained by connecting the SMAG to LCR meter. Further these signatures were used for damage detection and quantification. RMSD index is used for damage quantification. Further loading the specimens under Universal Testing Machine (UTM), damages were given till visible cracks. These induced damages and its severity were identified using EMI Technique.

The main aim of this study was to analyze 10-storied structure by using dampers and without dampers for the performance of building including different cases like changing the position of dampers, changing the number of dampers, and analyze the seismic performance of the structure. Also the performance should be calculated on the basis of changing damping ratio. In the present paper, study of nonlinear dynamic analysis of 10-storied RCC building is considered. The building under consideration is modeled with the help of SAP-2000 software. Time history analysis is performed on the basis of different ground motion records. Nonlinear analysis is considered for the performance of seismic analysis of the structure. Story displacement, maximum bending, and shear force calculated on the basis of nonlinear analysis of the structure. It is observed that the change in position of dampers will also give better results for improving the performance of structure.

Use of voided slab is spreading all over the world in recent times. Voided slab system has many advantages over conventional solid slab and some drawbacks also. There is a lot scope for studying the voided slabs in India. The compatibility of these foreign techniques must be workout with Indian standards. This paper presents experimental study of voided slab considering Indian Practices and proposes a new shape of void formers to improve the stiffness of voided slab.

Adsorption cooling system consists of the specifically designed heat exchanger which is filled with adsorbents (silica gel). The flow of refrigerant is regulated inside the heat exchanger by regulating valves. Heat exchanger filled with adsorbents called a ‘Thermal compressor’ is used to build the pressure in the system. It is a replacer for the mechanical compressor in a Vapor Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS). This heat exchanger is experimentally evaluated in the adsorption cooling system which is developed for air-conditioning of subcompact vehicle of 1 TR capacity. Coefficient of Performance (COP) and Specific Cooling Power (SCP) are the performance parameters evaluated from the experimentation. Temperature of hot source is varied from 45 to 60 °C and for 15 min of cycle time, maximum COP obtained is up to 0.55, whereas minimum obtained is 0.14. On another hand, SCP is observed up to 348 W/kg. Here, the design of thermal compressor plays an important role. SCP and COP of the system are to be maximized by increasing heat transfer and mass transfer rates. Poor design of heat exchanger leads to decrease in heat transfer and mass transfer rates which will reduce SCP and COP of the system. Heat transfer rate of the heat exchanger is enhanced by increasing heat transfer area, and mass transfer rate is enhanced by decreasing the thermal resistance between adsorbent–adsorbate particles.

The energy demand in the world is increasing day by day, and fossil fuel shortages are also increasing. Solar energy and renewable energy resources become more important. Most of the Indian population is lives in rural area and use wood for the cooking purpose. The thermal energy storage is popular in this era for the cooking purpose. Thermal energy storage system based on solar collector is developed for the cooking of bread in mind. The oil- and aluminum-based energy storage system is used for experimentation and having same storage potential and to store the energy in storage contain phase change material which have melting temperature of 210–220 °C. Energy collected by solar collector heated the fluid (i.e., soybean oil) contained in receiver tube and carry the energy to storage space. The self-circulation unit is introducing between storage and solar collector which contain soybean oil as a heat transfer fluid. Main aim of the concept is to store energy during day and utilized it in nighttime for cooking purpose.

Salinity gradient solar pond is an integral thermal energy collection and storage device. Energy extracted from the storage zone can be utilized for power generation, process heating, drying agriculture products, and desalination. In case of buried solar pond, the thermal performance of the pond is highly dependent on the ground conditions. A numerical model was used to investigate the effect of depth of ground water table and thermal conductivity of the soil on the storage zone temperature. The model used has a good agreement with the experimental data. It was found that storage zone temperature and warm-up period is highly influence by the ground conditions.

Polytetrafluoroethylene is a synthetic fluoropolymer produced by the polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. It possess properties like high density (2.2 g/cm3), high flexural strength, nonsticky, high electric and corrosion resistance, hydrophobic, chemically inert, low friction coefficient (0.01), and high thermal stability (327 °C). Due to low friction, it can be used in friction and wear applications such as piston rings, bearings, clutches, and guide ways. But due to extreme ductile nature, it shears off easily and possess high wear rate. So certain reinforcement component will be added in pure PTFE in order to enhance its mechanical as well as wear properties. Carbon, bronze, glass, alumina, MoS2, graphite, PEEK, potassium titaniate whisker (PTW), etc. are widely used reinforcement materials. Right selection of various reinforcement materials has greater impact on mechanical properties of PTFE composite material. Therefore, this paper aimed at detailed study of selection of reinforcement component suitable for various applications.

This paper presents the mathematical modeling for vibrations induced at the bearings of spinning charkha. Vibrations may generate due to various causes. These generated vibrations may lead to damage of the yarn, the quality of yarn, it may also affect on the consumption of energy as far as charkha is concerned. So it is very important to analyze or to predict the vibration induced in any machine before breakdown occurs. It helps to optimize the parameters given above. In order to achieve all these, firstly causes of vibration have been found out which is based on the machine structure and various factors. Vibration analysis is the only perfect way to detect or predict or to find out the faults in any machine. Likewise here vibration spectrums have been taken on various bearing locations of charkha, by using FFT analyzer, and model formation has been carried out. Here in this paper, field database mathematical modeling has been used by using one of the tools that is multiple linear regression analysis.

Implant screw fixation and bone drilling are the two one after another processes. If certain operating parameters are not observed, necrosis may result. Necrosis can be explained as an unfavorable form of cell injury whereby integrity of cell membrane is lost and the extracellular space if filled with an uncontrolled release of products of cell death. This process starts an inflammatory response in the surrounding tissue which attracts leukocytes and phagocytes which remove the dead cells. However, collateral damage to surrounding tissues by microbial damaging substances released by leukocytes inhibits the healing process and lengthens patient rehabilitation period or even unsuccessful implant fixation and post-operative complications. This research work is initiated with review work, as the literature on this topic is having contrary conclusions and so review of previous investigators experimentation’s on the effects of spindle speed, depth of drilling and feed rate on temperature distribution and correlation among them is made. Conclusions based on histopathological analysis and bone mineral density with in vitro study are very important. This review work attempts to organize the previous work on bone drilling parameters and its correlation with necrosis.

Supply chain performance has gained significant importance in the last two decades. Almost every sector has utilized its implementation benefits. Unlike, manufacturing sector, supply chain management is very critical and complex in process industry such as textile industry. Textile industries’ supply chain in India is very lengthy and complex, so as its performance measurement. This paper proposed to develop a conceptual framework based on the literature review and discussion with experts. Framework proposed utilizes the essence of balanced scorecard perspective, in order to overcome some of the earlier literature gaps.

The proposed work area is ‘Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM)’ due its various advantages over the conventional machining. AWJM is a non-traditional machining process in which material is removed by the erosion process where a very high pressure and very high velocity jet of abrasive particles and water slurry strikes on the work piece material (Momber and Kovacevic in Principles of abrasive water jet machining. Springer, [1]). Milling blind pockets is majorly used in the areas of automobiles, aerospace, and defense sectors. Here, for these applications, Inconel 718 is commonly used material which is very difficult to be machined by using conventional machining processes [2]. In many sectors like Aerospace, preference is given to high strength with less weight of the materials. The research work includes the use of ‘Taguchi method’ of Design of Experiments. It also includes finding the influence of particular process parameters on each selected output parameter, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression analysis for each output parameter. For this purpose, traverse speed and water pressure have been selected as process parameters, and pocket size, pocket depth, and surface roughness have been selected as output parameters.

In the twenty-first century, composites of domestic polymer material with natural fibers are gaining considerable importance due to numerous valid reasons such as environmental protection, balancing ecosystem besides consumer demands, and allied legislation issues. Thus, the quest of manufacturing industries for generating new material is boosted tremendously. Blends and composites of polypropylene have been popularly used since about last thirty to forty years to manufacture completely innovative novel materials. These materials have combined entity characteristics of the basic module polymers. The success of these synthesized blends and composites is entirely dependent on compatibilization of the parent polymers with the additives. Improvisation in the blend morphology, enhancement in contact area adhesion, and furthermore consequently improvement in the concert service of blend are the basic outcomes of the compatibilization. Blends of polypropylene (PP) with synthetic and natural fibers are gaining special importance because they allow increment in the thermal and mechanical properties of the new material that combined with the process ability of the PP. The new material developed is definitely a cost-effective and largely being used in automotive sector besides its uses in various other industrial sectors. The mechanical properties (flexural strength, impact strength, stiffness, higher strength-to-weight ratio, and modulus) and thermal properties like heat deflection temperature are having great importance in case of polypropylene.

This paper presents the experimental study on the thermoacoustic refrigeration system performance with respect to specific critical operating factors. Experimentations were carried out upon the thermoacoustic refrigeration system under different operational conditions. The experimental setup consists of 3D printed stack to obtain better cooling effect. Substantial aspects which impact on the performance of the system were identified. The results show that the performance of system was improved.

Accuracy in result is the main feature of any testing laboratories. Accurate result and timely report not only useful to make decision but also helps to laboratory to remain competitive in the market. Elimination of nonvalue added activity is important to obtain accurate and timely result. This paper addresses the lean wastes occur in testing laboratory. Also suggest roadmap for lean implementation in testing laboratory. Case study shows that application of lean manufacturing tools is able to eliminate nonvalue added activities also provide not only faster process but also gain customer satisfaction.

The automotive engine valves in an enclosed internal combustion engine are perpetually underneath variable loading when the engine is in operation condition. The fatigue failures occur because of the alternating compressive and tensile stresses throughout its revolutions. The design of the valve is critical for the engine performance, fatigue life, linear vibration, and durability. To increase the performance of engine, the tribological characteristics are to be identifying by using light-weight valves made of titanium alloy. The objective of this paper was the comparative analysis of proposed titanium alloy with existing steel alloy to predict the maximum stresses, temperature distribution in the valve at the high temperature and pressure ranges. Thermo-mechanical analysis of new valve design has done using CAE (ABAQUS). In addition, this study has done valve fatigue durability using stress life approach and evaluating the design of safety and fatigue factor of safety.

Sheet metal fabrication plays key role in the area of fabrication. It is used to manufacture various parts like from hinges to automobile bodies. A sheet metal blank is a flat part of sheet which is used to form different shapes in pressing machine. The process of deep drawing begins with holding a blank in between die and punch. The selection of blank size is one of the tedious jobs. This paper suggested an appropriate method for selecting the proper blank size for rectangular parts which required deep drawing process. In this paper, a number of methods suggested by various researchers for blank size are studied. The method suggested by Daniel Dallas is found to be more suitable for rectangular part such as choke used in tube light. The research gaps are identified, and suitable method is suggested through experimentation for specific rectangular drawing parts.

An attempt has been made to identify employability skills of engineering graduates. The skills that influence the performance of engineering graduates in campus placement are assessed. In this paper, various skills were identified and correlated with each other by using statistical tools such as chi square test and T-Test using SPSS-20. Binary logistic regression mathematical model was developed which predicts Probability of Employment of engineering graduates in campus placement recruitment process of multinational companies in IT sector. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to check impact of input variables like Aptitude, Communication, Technical, and Personality skills on Employability. Aptitude is the major deciding skill to get early employment in campus placement recruitment process of the company.

In the present analysis work, a plastic extrusion process that’s used for production of drip irrigation pipes is optimized using Taugchi approach. It’s vital to spot and optimize the process parameters, to assure quality extrusion pipe producing. Conjointly it’s essential to find out the defects in it. For analysis work Akash Drip Industries, company was elite. Taguchi technique is employed to optimize the method parameters, temperature and take-off speed. The experiment was conducted for 3 totally different material providers as supplier changes properties of material aiming to modified due to parameter setting throughout producing of material. Taugchi L9 orthogonal array is chosen for experimental designing and experiment was analyzed exploitation business Minitab18 computer code. After interpretation of values, optimized factor settings were chosen to predict minimum defects. The result unconcealed that using optimized values of things proportion defects for uneven wall thickness decreased from average of 4.19, 4.103, 5.04 to 1.38, 1.66, and 1.18 severally for 3 material suppliers.

Nanofluids have numerous advantages over traditional heat transfer fluids. Among previous 10–20 years, extensive work had carried out in this emerging area of nanofluid heat transfer. Single and multi walled carbon nanotubes since having very high thermal conductivities, yields in higher enhancement rates even with smaller concentrations of these nanofluids. In this review paper major contributions made in enhancement of heat transfer by various researchers in last few decades are summarized having emphasis on enhancement techniques by using nanofluids only. So, this article will provide a brief insight of the work carried out till date in nanofluid heat transfer area for the incoming research in this field.

Gears are power transmission element and which are used to change direction, angular speed and variation of torque. The spur gears are applied to transmit the power between two parallel shafts. This present work is based on the finite element analysis to investigate the variation of stresses along pitch line. In industry composite material gears are not used widely and also only theoretical and analytical stress calculations are presented for composite material gear which also lack in experimental and practical results. In this investigation spur gear is taken for actual loading condition that is power and torque transmission. The objective of the present work is to check feasibility of composite material spur gear over conventional material spur gear. The spur gear model is created using CREO and further investigation is done with the help of ANSYS 15.0 software. The experimental results are allowed for comparison of conventional spur gear and composite spur gear.

The automation on front fork assembly machine is the project design to improve the quality as well as productivity of manual machines. Manual operating process consist of lots of errors like parts missing in assembly, parts fitment in the wrong direction, misalignment during assembly, inconsistency in process, etc. The automated multipurpose machine eliminates the errors generated by a manual operating process. Proposed machine is also focused to reduce operator fatigue & ergonomic improvement during working. Reduction in operator fatigue, improves working efficiency of operator which will result in an increase in productivity. This proposed automation is the combination of four individual process, namely Oil seal pressing, Guide bush pressing, Washer insertion & Oil seal greasing. The machine is controlled by a programmable logical control (PLC). It consist of number of pneumatic cylinders which will apply for pressing, pick & place & clamping of component, etc. The operator function is just to load & unload the component all the rest process is automatically done by the machine itself. This automation is beneficial in quality & productivity of the product; it will also reduce manpower cost as the proposed automation saves nine men per day.

Air pollution generated from automobile source is playing a vital role in green house effect so it is a problem of general interest. The pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulfur (SOx), and particulate matters are generated at the end of the combustion in the engine. These pollutants have negative impacts on the environment, air quality, and health. To control these pollutants, various stringent norms of pollutants emission are applicable in various countries. Most promising method of converting these gases into less harmful form is after treatment of it in the catalytic converter. To improve the performance of the catalytic converter, hydraulic phenomenon occurring in it needs to be studied. In present work, a numerical study using finite volume approach is carried out for catalytic converter with conventional diffuser for four diffuser angle. Three-dimensional steady-state analysis of catalytic converter is carried out using Ansys Fluent software. Based on the CFD results, it is found that 20° conventional geometry gives the minimum pressure drop, minimum peak pressure, and better uniformity index.

The aim of the present research work is to reduce starting time of engine by utilizing the heat stored in thermal energy storage (TES) system by using different properties of phase change material (PCM) are studied by varying test conditions and based on the performance paraffin wax was selected as best suitable material for experimentation. This paper represents an experimental investigation of thermal energy storage system by light duty petrol engine. The storage system was initially design by considering size of the engine and amount of heat required, thus to reduce exhaust gases emission of engine at starting time and also improve engine performance. The experimental work concludes that reducing the start up time of engine by five minute and also improve warm up time nearly at 45% achieved with TES system.

The objective of this paper was parenthetically the numerical resolution of sheet metal forming application using ABAQUS implicit finite part module. Every bending operation involves springback, that is outlined as elastic recovery of the part during unloading. During this study, FEA of springback has done for optimization of sheet metal bending process. In this paper, commercially available finite element analyses (FEA) is used to analyse springback and compensation of it. By increasing downward distance of punch, means that with assistance of the iterations get the optimized geometry of bending profile. Once completion of some iteration of downward distance of punch got optimized, V bending profile comprises of minimum springback as compared to previous profiles. The number of springback, von-mises stress distribution for benchmark and iteration conditions are pictured because of that compensation of springback.

The octagonal box type solar cooker works on the principle of concentrating the solar radiation and converting it into heat. The solar radiations concentrate on the targeted area so that the cooking temperature increases at very fast rate. Modified cooker contain eight reflective inclined sides. The copper plate at the bottom maintains a constant temperature inside the cooker. After rigorous experimentation, modified cooker gives first figure of merit as 0.3027 and second figure of merit as 0.607. Cooking power is 19.767 W. Standard cooking power is 49.639 W. The efficiency of the proposed octagonal solar cooker is 38.36%. As compared to box type solar cooker available in market, modified octagonal cooker has 23.52% more cooking power, 26.55% increase in efficiency. The modified solar cooker comes under the “A grade” class as per guidelines laid down by the Bureau of Indian Standard. This paper describes this work in the concise form.

In wire rope production and processing, the straightening process defines the engineering and business variables which determine success or failure. Straightening is the process of releasing stresses, kinks from the just formed wire, and increasing strength and life of wire ropes. Most of the industries use conventional manual method to apply the forces. It is demand of wire industries from all over the world to replace this time consuming, manual method with standardized equipment that can reduce inaccuracy in application of forces and helps in maintaining a constant and desirable strength to wire rope. After a crucial study of various researches on the wire straightening unit, a model of a straightener has been designed to automate the force on the wire, using latest modeling software. This paper tried to fill up this gap with the well suitable model equipped with a set of digital micrometers.

In past few years, uncertainty of measurement has grabbed attention of number of researchers, as nowadays there is huge awareness about quality of information, quality of result or a product amongst producers as well as consumers. Measurement of uncertainty plays vital role in quality improvement. It is applicable to various areas like mechanical, chemical and electrical laboratories and testing equipment. The paper gives a brief description about uncertainty, need of uncertainty study, factors responsible for UOM, methods to reduce uncertainty and case studies based on it.

These days Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the most interested field like a pie chart of research fields. Many MEMS devices like microsensor, microactuator, and microenergy harvester are the backbone of electronics applications in the form of sensors and actuator. These all are mostly based on the basic concept of deflection of cantilever beam. These all have requirement of vibration testing for their long-life working. This study proposes one method called Arduino-based tuneable electromagnetic shaker using relay for MEMS Cantilever beam. Tuneable means we can tune its frequency according to requirement called Frequency Tuning Concept (FTP). In this paper, we designed and developed electronics shaker controlled by Arduino circuit with 12 V relay which can be controlled by programmable Arduino-Uno board. By this, we can check the resonance frequency modes of the MEMS sensors and actuators, which is the substitute measurement method rather than the frequency measurement of beam by very costly existing vibration shakers.