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Erschienen in:
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

19. Smoldering Combustion

verfasst von : Guillermo Rein

Erschienen in: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering

Verlag: Springer New York

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Abstract

Smoldering combustion is the slow, low temperature, flameless burning of porous fuels and is the most persistent type of combustion phenomena. It is especially common in porous fuels which form a char on heating, like cellulosic insulation, polyurethane foam or peat. Smoldering combustion is among the leading causes of residential fires, and it is a source of safety concerns in industrial premises as well as in commercial and space flights. Smoldering is also the dominant combustion phenomena in megafires in natural deposits of peat and coal which are the largest and longest burning fires on Eartht.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Ignition of Liquids
Nächstes Kapitel Spontaneous Combustion and Self-Heating
Fußnoten
1
Pyrolysis in this context is the chemical decomposition of a solid material solely by heating. It does not involve oxidation reactions and it is endothermic. It involves the irreversible and simultaneous change of chemical composition and physical phase.
 
2
Oxidation in this context is the reaction of a species with the oxygen in the air. It is an exothermic reaction.
 
3
The onset of pyrolysis or oxidation does not occur at one fixed temperature but it is known to be a function of the heating rate and start over a range of temperatures; higher onset temperatures are observed for higher heating rates. See Rein et al. [15] and the section “Smoldering Kinetics” for evidence of this.
 
4
The surface-to-volume ratio of a sample is inversely proportional to its characteristic length (e.g., thickness for a very wide layer, diameter for a cylinder, side length for a prism or diameter for a sphere).
 
5
Avoidance of flaming re-ignition of a non-porous fuel requires cooling of the surface layer only.
 
6
The water content in dry basis is the mass of water divided by the mass of a dried sample expressed as a %.
 
7
The mineral content is the % of the fuel mass (on dry basis) that will not burn or react at high temperatures. It results in ash.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Smoldering Combustion
verfasst von
Guillermo Rein
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Verlag
Springer New York
Buch
SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering

Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2564-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4939-2565-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0_19