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2017 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Social Information Seeking

Leveraging the Wisdom of the Crowd

verfasst von: Chirag Shah

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : The Information Retrieval Series

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This volume summarizes the author’s work on social information seeking (SIS), and at the same time serves as an introduction to the topic. Sometimes also referred to as social search or social information retrieval, this is a relatively new area of study concerned with the seeking and acquiring of information from social spaces on the Internet. It involves studying situations, motivations, and methods involved in seeking and sharing of information in participatory online social sites, such as Yahoo! Answers, WikiAnswers, and Twitter, as well as building systems for supporting such activities.

The first part of the book introduces various foundational concepts, including information seeking, social media, and social networking. As such it provides the necessary basis to then discuss how those aspects could intertwine in different ways to create methods, tools, and opportunities for supporting and leveraging SIS. Next, Part II discusses the social dimension and primarily examines the online question-answering activity. Part III then emphasizes the collaborative aspect of information seeking, and examines what happens when social and collaborative dimensions are considered together. Lastly, Part IV provides a synthesis by consolidating methods, systems, and evaluation techniques related to social and collaborative information seeking. The book is completed by a list of challenges and opportunities for both theoretical and practical SIS work.

The book is intended mainly for researchers and graduate students looking for an introduction to this new field, as well as developers and system designers interested in building interactive information retrieval systems or social/community-driven interfaces.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Foundation

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Online Summary
In this introductory chapter, we present the concept of social information seeking (SIS). SIS covers situations where people use their social connections to seek, share, and process information. The chapter provides several definitions that further explain and situate this notion. It then provides a brief overview of some of the activities and applications that employ SIS. The chapter introduces several concepts that relate to SIS, such as information seeking/retrieval/behavior , social media/networking , social search, question-answering, and collaborative information seeking (CIS). It uses the interconnections among these concepts to set the stage for studying and addressing various topics in SIS. The chapter concludes by describing the organization of the rest of the book.
Chirag Shah
Chapter 2. Information Seeking
Online Summary
This chapter introduces the concept of information seeking, along with various theoretical models and conceptual frameworks. The act of seeking information is seen as one that is fundamental to human behavior, and because of that, information seeking is conceptualized with respect to a person and their needs, irrespective of any system or the availability of any information. To put information seeking in perspective, it is shown as a subset of information behavior, which incorporates any and all kinds of interactions people have with information. On the other hand, information retrieval is seen as something more specific and system-oriented. A number of foundational models of information seeking are reviewed here, followed by a description of a set of models derived from those foundational works. These models consider the motivations behind seeking information, the nature of the information sought, and the context in which this process occurs. Several of these models also identify stages or steps of a typical information seeking process. The chapter finishes with a recognition that most times information seeking is studied considering an individual, disregarding social and/or collaborative aspects of information seeking.
Chirag Shah
Chapter 3. Social Media and Social Networking
Online Summary
Information can travel at the speed of light, and social media and social networking services make it possible to actually deliver that information at lightning speed to and for billions of people around the planet. This chapter introduces these two concepts, along with various services that facilitate them and a number of issues stemming from their introduction and use. The chapter first describes how social media and social networking services and systems are defined and studied. In doing so, it points out how being social—something that is fundamental to humankind—has taken shape in the online world. The chapter then dives deeper into some of the issues introduced by and studied within the context of social media/networking. These include privacy, identity construction, impression making, communication, social capital, knowledge sharing, access, and digital inequality.
Chirag Shah

Social Dimension of Information Seeking

Frontmatter
Chapter 4. Online Question-Answering (Q&A)
Online Summary
Using online communities or crowds to satisfy information needs is becoming more common. This chapter reviews various ways in which people seek information from others by asking questions through online services. These services, referred to here as online Q&A, are categorized as expert-based, community-based, collaborative, and social. A comparative analysis, along with examples, is presented to show how these services differ in meaningful ways. Going beyond the types of online Q&A, we’ll discuss their content and users. The discussion on content is divided into questions and answers. The description of users is based on asking and answering behaviors, as well as some views on balancing those two actions. Finally, the chapter introduces several special classes of users in online Q&A services and what they could mean for a given Q&A platform’s success and survivability.
Chirag Shah
Chapter 5. Social Search
Online Summary
This chapter introduces the intersection of information seeking/searching and social media/networking. This intersection is called social search, and it references two concepts: people looking for information that is socially constructed and people using social connections to look for information. While some of the aspects of social search overlap with social Q&A, or in general Q&A services, there are important differences. The present chapter dwells on those differences and the uniqueness of social search by way of subtopics such as social annotations, social navigation, and co-browsing. The chapter also introduces several pertinent theories and models for social search. There are discussions on the technology for providing and facilitating social search, as well as related topics such as collaborative search.
Chirag Shah

Collaborative Dimension of Information Seeking

Frontmatter
Chapter 6. Collaborative Information Seeking
Online Summary
The notions that information seeking is not always an individual activity and that people working collaboratively for information-intensive tasks should be studied and supported are more prevalent now than ever before. Several new research questions, methodologies, and systems have emerged around these ideas that may even prove to be useful beyond the field of collaborative information seeking (CIS), as they are relevant to the broader areas of information seeking and behavior. This chapter provides an overview of several key research works from a variety of domains, including library and information science (LIS), computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) , human-computer interaction (HCI) , and information retrieval (IR) . It starts with explanations of collaboration and how CIS fits in different contexts, emphasizing the interactive, intentional, and mutually beneficial nature of CIS activities. CIS’s relationships to similar and related fields such as collaborative information retrieval (CIR) , collaborative information behavior (CIB) , and collaborative filtering are also clarified. Finally, the chapter presents a synthesis of various frameworks and models that exist in the field today.
Chirag Shah
Chapter 7. Social and Collaborative Information Seeking
Online Summary
The social and collaborative aspects of information seeking described in the previous chapters are often hard to separate. This chapter presents the notion of social and collaborative information seeking (SCIS ) that attempts to study both of those aspects at the same time. There are two main reasons to bring the areas of social information seeking (SIS) and collaborative information seeking (CIS) together: it is often difficult to separate a project’s social and collaborative dimensions, and their combination could greatly improve our ability to support human information behavior. This chapter will first present a brief synthesis of SIS and CIS work. Next, it will consider SCIS as a new field that integrates and extends SIS and CIS. The chapter will explore the many benefits of this approach and finally present a research agenda that outlines the opportunities and challenges unique to SCIS.
Chirag Shah

Current State and Future Directions

Frontmatter
Chapter 8. SIS in Research and Practice
Online Summary
This chapter provides an overview of how SIS research studies are done; how different SIS systems, services, and users are evaluated; and how all of the above are implemented. First, we present a brief description of common research methods for SIS studies. These methods include observations, interviews, content analysis, and mixed methods. Next, we recognize the challenge of evaluating SIS. We’ll explain some of the popular methods for evaluation in this field, which include usability testing, system-based training-testing, quantitative evaluations, and qualitative evaluations. Finally, various products and services that implement and/or facilitate SIS are introduced. They include different forms of communication tools and methods, peer-driven services, expert-driven services, and social live streaming services (SLSSs).
Chirag Shah
Chapter 9. Conclusion
Online Summary
This chapter provides some important concluding remarks about social information seeking (SIS) and related topics. We’ll start by revisiting the concept and manifestation of SIS. Next we’ll discuss a framework that synthesizes several of the concepts described in this book to show how individual, crowd-based, social, and collaborative activities around information behavior are associated. Then another framework is presented that incorporates various social and information behavior activities on different dimensions. This framework shows that there are several competing ways in which SIS studies and applications can be conceptualized and evaluated. Finally, the chapter provides a synthesis of challenges and opportunities for researchers and developers working in SIS. This synthesis could serve as a starting point for students and scholars interested in studying and supporting human behaviors that incorporate socio-collaborative and information seeking aspects.
Chirag Shah
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Social Information Seeking
verfasst von
Chirag Shah
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-56756-3
Print ISBN
978-3-319-56755-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56756-3

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