Society 5.0

Frontmatter

Ethical Implications of Precision Medicine for Society 5.0: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Genomic medicine, which entails the use of an individual’s genomic data to guide healthcare, has the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery through precision medicine (PM). PM is an innovative healthcare approach that goes beyond the traditional one-size-fits-all practice. PM integrates a diverse range of individualized data to provide targeted medical interventions. This approach is intricately linked to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 and a human-centered society, as envisioned by Society 5.0. Recent advancements in technological innovations, including artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, are becoming the catalyst for the integration of extensive datasets to formulate predictive models that enable individualized care. However, along with the promise of PM are several ethical issues that threaten health equity. This paper presents the result of a systematic literature review which investigated the dimensions of ethical issues in PM. We retrieved 355 peer-reviewed papers published between 2019 and 2023 from three databases using author-defined search phrases and three quality assessment criteria. Thirty-one papers were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. An important outcome of our analysis is a visual representation of the landscape of ethical concerns in PM through the mapping of the context of PM ethical concerns (e.g., genomic analysis and medical specialization), their dimensions (e.g., discrimination, privacy, and informed consent) and the implications of the ethical issues reported within these contexts. Given the potential of PM as an enabler of individualized healthcare, policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers must address the ethical issues associated with PM to ensure equity in healthcare delivery.

Funmi Adebesin, Deborah Oluwadele

A Systematic Literature Review on How Conversational Agents are Transforming Healthcare

Abstract

Recent advancements in new technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are revolutionizing healthcare. The healthcare sector has historically lagged in the adoption of digital technologies. However, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the pace of their adoption. AI-powered conversational agents like chatbots and virtual assistants, which are computer programs capable of mimicking human conversations, are increasingly being adopted to improve the quality of healthcare services. Conversational agents can increase access to healthcare and improve communications between patients and healthcare professionals. In this paper, we present the result of a systematic literature review that investigated the potential of conversational agents for transforming the healthcare sector. A total of 9,654 papers published between 2019 and 2023 were retrieved from three databases using author-defined search phrases and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Following the screening process, 35 peer-reviewed papers were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. We identified two main categories and eight sub-subcategories as areas where conversational agents could transform healthcare. The two main categories were ‘augmentation of patient care and engagement’, and ‘optimization of clinical workflow and decision support’. The sub-categories include the dissemination of personalized information, chronic disease management and lifestyle integration, automated symptom triage, as well as telemedicine and remote consultation. The results showed that conversational agents have the potential to transform the healthcare sector and enhance the quality of healthcare service delivery.

Nawaaz Antulay, Funmi Adebesin

Student-Mediated Knowledge Exchange in Switzerland

Abstract

The majority of the academic work on knowledge and technology transfer has been on two types, knowledge commercialization and academic engagement. Mechanisms which involve students have been neglected though they are as common and potentially as beneficial. This neglect harbors several risks with regard to the economic and social valorization of research results. We define and typify the construct of student-mediated knowledge exchange and review the literature which has reported multiple benefits for the involved parties, students, universities and companies, but also some costs. We then use survey data on two selected measures generated in a survey of the institutes of 18 Swiss higher education institutions (HEIs) for multivariate regression analyses at institute level to explain the differences for the student-mediated knowledge exchange metrics with structural characteristics of the institutes (university type, size, academic discipline) and variables on their activities (teaching focus, cooperation and commercialization orientation). The results show that student-mediated transfers capture knowledge exchange with companies that is not covered by the common metrics for knowledge commercialization and academic engagement. In sum, we argue that the scope of knowledge and technology transfer metrics should be expanded to include measures that capture student-mediated forms.

Franz Barjak, Fabian Heimsch

Unveiling the “Vulnerability Cycle” of Migrant Workers in Mauritius: Applying a Grounded Theory Approach to Health and Wellbeing of Migrant Workers

Abstract

The welfare of migrant workers in Mauritius in terms of their health and wellbeing is the main topic of this research. The aim of this study is to understand the health and wellbeing of migrant workers from a social work perspective through the application of the grounded theory. A qualitative approach was used to gather the data. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with twenty-two migrant workers from Bangladesh, Madagascar, Nepal, South Africa and India who have been employed and reside in Mauritius for more than one year. The respondents are employed in a variety of industries, including vegetable plantations, supermarkets, hotels, building sites, ICT & BPO, Communication and textile factories. This study adds to the body of knowledge on migrant workers’ well-being by utilizing the Grounded Theory in Mauritius. The main findings of this research emanate from the application of the Grounded Theory and through the application of the Theoretical Coding which is a qualitative research approach. The findings were presented in terms of initial coding then identifying relationship between the different codes that have been generated and finally developing a re-fined theoretical concept as follows: “The Vulnerability Cycle of Migrant workers”: This refined code was generated from the findings of this research by application of the Grounded Theory. It comprises of the different elements such as precarious employment, substandard living conditions, and inadequate healthcare that affect negatively the health and wellbeing of migrant workers working in Mauritius.

Sanjayduth Bhundhoo, Preeya Vijayalakshmee Coolen, Roslyn S. Fraser

More Bureaucracy Instead of More Security or More Fairness: The Effects of AI Regulation

Abstract

The paper poses the question whether regulation of AI applications can guarantee data sovereignty and fair treatment of individuals. A closer look at already existing regulations reveals that these lofty goals can hardly be achieved. Regulations mostly increase bureaucracy instead of increasing security or fairness. There are several reasons for this failure, which are highlighted in this paper.

Mathias Binswanger

The Impact of Generative AI on Creative Professionals in Marketing: A Systematic Review and Practical Framework

Abstract

This paper examines the transformative impact of generative AI on creative professionals in the marketing sector. A systematic literature review was conducted to clarify the opportunities and challenges associated with the integration of generative AI into marketing strategies. Through inductive analysis, two main themes emerged: generative AI opportunities and drawbacks. The opportunities include enhanced marketing effectiveness, amplified creative capabilities, streamlined automation, increased productivity, user-friendly interfaces, and synergistic human-AI collaboration. Conversely, the drawbacks include concerns such as fear of job displacement, skepticism over AI-generated content, security and privacy risks, ethical considerations, and the potential for overreliance on AI. A comprehensive framework was developed to synthesize these findings, providing a structured understanding of generative AI's impact on creative professionals in marketing. This framework serves as a foundation for further research and offers practical insights for the responsible integration of generative AI into marketing workflows.

Adriaan Coetzer, Lizette Weilbach, Marié Hattingh, Shireen Panchoo

Towards a Smart City Sustainability Tracker for Achieving SDG 11 in Cities

Abstract

Cities are considered one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gas emissions and consume vast amounts of energy. They, therefore, play a significant role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the SDG indicators are reported on a country level, and city-level assessments in Switzerland are voluntary, non-standardized, and only updated in larger time intervals.

The current paper focuses on applying SDG 11 as a metric for visualizing urban efforts toward achieving a broader set of SDGs. This involves a thorough assessment of each goal within SDG 11 to determine its measurability. With the Smart City Sustainability Tracker (SCST), we propose a platform based on KNIME, which can help monitor the progress in cases where sufficient data is available for doing a regression analysis. In cases where too little information is available, we propose to at least provide some process models, which can help to standardize at least the processes of collecting measurable KPIs to turn manual project work conducted in heterogeneous environments into reference processes, which can help to implement the necessary data collection more quickly.

The standardization and visualization of city-level reporting could support decision-makers in developing more adequate measures to follow the trajectories of successful implementations or to detect and correct failures quickly to ensure reaching the shared goals in time. Finally, we conclude with a short validation of the potential reuse and adaptability of the SCST from the application of the city of Zurich, to cities in totally different circumstances such as for the situation of SDG11 in Pretoria, South Africa.

Miriam Mei Yi Dall’Agnolo, Stephan Jüngling, Hanlie Smuts

Enhancing Cross-Cultural Teaching and Learning: An Instructor’s View on Africanization

Abstract

Research has indicated that learners who receive education in a context they can relate to are more successful in acquiring knowledge and skills. For this reason, educators in Africa often explore the concept of Africanization as part of cross-cultural teaching and learning efforts. Africanization includes local and indigenous cultural considerations to instill African culture and identity in teaching and learning environments. This qualitative study investigates the perceptions of academic staff, focusing on the effectiveness of using an African case study to explain important theoretical constructs in an undergraduate Business Analysis and a Human-Computer Interaction course at a higher-educational institution. Thematic analysis performed on the results of in-depth semi-structured interviews involving academic instructors reveals seven main themes, with the theme on the relevance and interpretation of practical examples occurring most frequently. The findings suggest that the Africanization of content, using local and Afrocentric examples, can assist learners in acquiring relevant knowledge and skills and be useful in cross-cultural teaching and learning, as learners can relate the theory to their local context. However, the concept should be presented to learners before introducing new academic content.

Sunet Eybers, Jan H. Kroeze, Corne J. van Staden

Closing the Gap: Leveraging Recorded Video Lessons for Digital Inclusion in Rural South Africa

Abstract

Access to digital technology and computer literacy skills is crucial in bridging the digital divide, particularly in rural areas where resources are often scarce. This study investigates the feasibility of implementing university service-learning projects in distant rural areas by delivering computer literacy training through recorded video lessons. The project aims to address the South African digital divide by providing essential skills training to community members who lack access to traditional face-to-face educational opportunities. Due to logistical constraints preventing direct student involvement in remote areas, the study explores the effectiveness of utilising recorded video lessons as an alternative delivery method.

The findings reveal that face-to-face and recorded video implementations of computer literacy training led to significant improvements for participating community members. Analysis of the data showed that there was no significant difference in the level of improvement between the two methods. These results underscore the potential of recorded video lessons to effectively deliver educational content to remote communities, thereby extending the reach and impact of university service-learning initiatives. The study contributes to efforts to bridge the digital divide in South Africa and offers insights into scalable and sustainable solutions for empowering underserved populations with essential digital skills.

This research highlights the importance of innovative approaches to address the challenges of delivering education to remote areas where traditional methods may be impractical or inaccessible. By leveraging technology to disseminate educational content, universities can promote digital inclusion and empower communities to thrive in an increasingly digitised world.

Rouxan Colin Fouché, Wynand Nel

Examining Smart Contracts Within Mauritian Contract Law: Assessing Their Compatibility with Existing Legal Frameworks

Abstract

This research paper explores the complexities surrounding smart contracts, computer code designed to automate contractual processes, thus bypassing the need for intermediary enforcement. As smart contracts gain traction, jurisdictions worldwide grapple with regulating them. Challenges arise from the novel nature of these contracts, as their enforcement poses unique dilemmas within legal frameworks. While some believe regulation is feasible, others question the enforceability of code-based agreements. Mauritius, aspiring to be Africa’s Fintech hub, is addressing these issues through the Virtual Asset and Initial Token Offering Services Act 2021. However, uncertainties persist regarding the enforceability of smart contracts. This research examines smart contracts comprehensively, exploring technical and legal dimensions to unravel their complexity. It scrutinises Mauritius’ legal landscape to ascertain the compatibility of smart contracts with existing contract laws and the effectiveness of the 2021 Act in regulating them.

Viraj Fulena

The Influence of Board Characteristics on Environmental Sustainability in Northern Europe

Abstract

This paper empirically analyses the influence of board characteristics on the environmental sustainability of listed companies in the United Kingdom, France and Germany. This quantitative study spans from 2013 to 2023, utilising a dataset comprising 2,726 firm-year observations. Employing robust panel data regression with multiple fixed effects, the analysis reveals that board gender diversity, board cultural diversity, the presence of a corporate governance committee and larger firms tend to exhibit higher environmental sustainability performance. The findings of this paper advance the understanding of two key theories: the agency theory and the stakeholder theory. This study thus contributes to the growing literature on corporate governance and sustainability by providing empirical evidence of the role of board characteristics in shaping environmental sustainability outcomes.

Thakoor Sharma Geerawo, Bhavna Mahadew

Collaborative Online International Learning COIL: Trends, Definition & Typology

Abstract

Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) is an increasingly popular element of a modern university’s internationalization strategy and an important measure for internationalization at home. COIL directly contributes to more sustainability and fairness at tertiary educational institutions, while participating students are equipped with relevant future skills in international competency. The School of Business of the University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland FHNW started to develop a COIL-program in 2023, to scale-up the preexisting COIL-courses at the school. This initiative revealed that the definition of COIL is still not fully agreed upon and that no typology of COIL has been established. To address these gaps a systematic literature review, using Swisscovery, an extensive database that includes access to databases such as ERIC, OECD library, Psyndex, Teacher Reference Center, WISO and Web of Science was conducted. Based on the findings of the review, a definition and a typology of COIL were developed. This definition and typology were then validated with a series of interviews with COIL experts, including COIL-researchers, COIL-service providers and COIL-champions, meaning COIL-coordinators with experience in setting up dozens of COIL-courses. Based on the findings from the eight interviews the definition and typology were revised. The article shows the increase in the literature on COIL and most frequently addressed themes, such as case studies, assessment, effectiveness, and efficiency. In addition, it presents the synopsis of the experts’ feedback together with a definition of COIL based on characteristics relating to collaborators, blending with physical exchange and facilitation.

Susan Goeldi, Oscar Thees

Towards a Sustainable Future: Understanding Green Consumerism in Mauritius

Abstract

The global energy landscape is undergoing significant transformation, spurred by factors such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the imperative for sustainability. Mauritius, a small island nation, faces the challenge of transitioning to renewable energy sources amidst limited conventional energy options. While governmental initiatives aim to promote renewable energy adoption, individual household contributions to this endeavor remain understudied. This research addresses this gap by evaluating Mauritian consumer purchasing behavior regarding green home energy solutions and their utilization of government incentives. The study aims to determine the level of knowledge, beliefs, and understanding of green energy products among Mauritians, along with their buying habits and socio-demographic influences. Additionally, it seeks to identify factors influencing purchasing behavior towards greener energy habits at home and pinpoint the most influential factor promoting green consumerism in this context. Through surveys conducted among Mauritian individuals, the research intends to sensitively promote the importance of transitioning to sustainable lifestyles and green energy consumption. Ultimately, this endeavor aims to contribute to Mauritius’ renewable energy mix, supporting the government’s objectives for sustainable development and a greener future. By fostering a culture of green consumerism, the research endeavors to enhance Mauritius’ standard of living and quality of life while mitigating environmental degradation and energy dependency on polluting sources.

Leenshya Gunnoo, Eric Bindah, Nousrat Banu Emambocus

Assessing the Impact of Decent Work on the Mental Health of Female Carers in Mauritius Through the Psychology of Working Theory

Abstract

Using the Psychology of Working Theory as a pillar, this study has aimed to examine the impact of decent work (subscales: interpersonal and physical safe working conditions, adequate health care, adequate compensation, hours that allow for free time and rest, and lastly, organisational values) directly and indirectly through the use of mediators namely, survival needs, social contribution needs, and self-determination needs. Moreover, the study also assessed the influence of the subscales of decent work on the mental health of female carers in Mauritius. Quantitative data was collected from 136 working women working in care homes or acting as carers for individual households through a questionnaire adopted from previous studies. The data analysis was done by use of SPSS 26.0. The findings showed that there were a positive and significant relationship between physical and interpersonal safe working conditions, access to adequate health care, and organisational and family values and mental health of female carers. In addition, the result could imply that there was a positive relationship related to survival needs, satisfaction needs and self-determination needs among individual carers and their mental health. The influence of the subscales of decent work on mental health showed a strong positive correlation but two factors namely, adequate compensation and hours that allow for free time and rest had low correlations. Overall, the findings suggested that decent work indeed contributed positively to the mental health of the female carers. Decent work promotes good psychological well-being of female workers because work is pivotal in the attainment of individual needs such as survival, social contribution, and self-determination. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Dayalutchmee Kodye-Domah, Leena Devi Sobha, Soolakshna Desai Lukea-Bhiwajee

Transcultural Leadership and Sustainable Development in the Digital Era: Navigating the 4IR in South Africa

Abstract

This study investigates transcultural leadership’s role in navigating organisations through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) towards sustainable development, with a focus on the South African context. It examines the intersection of digital transformation with key sectors like energy transition, circular economy, and sustainability, advocating for leaders to blend global sustainability aims with local cultural insights. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative focus group discussions with a meta-analysis of literature, the research captures the nuanced interplay between digital maturity and sustainable practices. The findings highlight transcultural leadership as vital for fostering transparency, reform, and digital progress, essential for aligning with Society 5.0 goals. This approach offers strategic insights into digital transformation that promotes sustainable and equitable growth. By engaging a diverse group of participants from various sectors, the study complements its empirical data, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of strategies for achieving sustainability in the 4IR era. This synthesis of leadership strategies and stakeholder insights provides valuable guidance for policymakers, business leaders, and scholars in addressing the 4IR’s challenges and leveraging its opportunities for sustainable development.

Sean Kruger

A Decision-Support Approach for University Incubators

Abstract

University incubators support students in the creation of innovative startups and promise to play a crucial role in fostering economic growth in the Society 5.0 paradigm. However, most of these incubators are still in their infancy, making their success a trial-and-error practice. To foster the fast successful development of incubators by universities, this paper proposes a decision-support system (DSS). The latter has been built by following the Design Science Research methodology, where the design was driven by accommodating findings from both the literature and interviews with 7 Swiss university incubators. The approach has been instantiated in a web-based questionnaire, which outputs a radar chart containing an assessment of critical success factors. This provides awareness of and suggestions about what shall be improved, thus supporting decision-making. The evaluation was carried out to prove the system’s correctness by showing that values of critical success factors were calculated correctly for each university incubator involved in the study. This work is the first attempt toward an open-source decision-support system that each university incubator can use and extend to increase its success ratio.

Emanuele Laurenzi, Dario Meyer, Patrick Moesch

Advancing Financial Inclusion and Data Ethics: The Role of Alternative Credit Scoring

Abstract

Alternative credit scoring plays a vital role in advancing the goals of balancing economic progress with resolving social issues by promoting financial inclusion, supporting data-driven decision-making, fostering innovation, enhancing risk management, and addressing ethical considerations. This research investigates alternative data sources and credit-scoring algorithms to evaluate the creditworthiness of individuals with limited credit histories. The study conducts a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to explore and evaluate alternative data sources and advanced credit scoring algorithms used in assessing the creditworthiness of individuals. Alternative data such as Online Behaviour and E-commerce, Social Networks and Relationships, Location, and Property Details were identified, while Machine Learning techniques such as Gradient-Boosted Decision Trees and Light Gradient-Boosting Machine demonstrate superior performance. However, ethical and privacy concerns regarding alternative data sources are paramount. The study's implications extend to financial institutions and credit-scoring agencies, offering insights to enhance credit assessment processes and stressing the importance of ethical data handling and privacy. This research contributes to understanding the dynamics between alternative data and credit-scoring algorithms, providing a roadmap for their responsible integration in credit assessments, thereby fostering financial inclusion and ethical data practices in the fut. Juristic society.

Keoitshepile Machikape, Deborah Oluwadele

Short Duration, Lasting Impression: The Role of Short-Term Study Trips in Cross-Cultural Learning

Abstract

In the context of an increasingly globalized society, this paper investigates the effectiveness of short-term study trips in enhancing intercultural sensitivity among Swiss university postgraduate students. Recognizing the crucial role of intercultural competencies in navigating both personal and professional life, this study focuses on the pedagogical value of week-long immersive experiences abroad. Using a pre- and post-test survey, we assessed changes in intercultural sensitivity following participation in two different study tours: one to Colombia and one to Malaysia. The surveys examined changes in several dimensions of intercultural sensitivity, including engagement, enjoyment, confidence, respect for cultural differences, and awareness. Results indicate significant improvements in country-specific intercultural sensitivity, particularly in areas that were actively engaged during the trips. However, improvements in general intercultural sensitivity were less pronounced, suggesting that while short-term trips can strengthen specific facets of intercultural competence, its impact on broader competencies may be limited or are only visible in the long-term. To enhance the educational impact of short-term study programs abroad, we recommend several strategies, which aim to deepen students’ intercultural understanding and ensure lasting benefits. This research contributes to the discourse on intercultural education by providing insights into designing effective short-term study programs abroad that foster globally competent and interculturally sensitive students.

Dario Meyer, Alice Frey, Rolf Meyer

The Influence of Tribal Leaders in the Adoption of e-Banking Products in the Kingdom of eSwatini: Using Social Influence Theory

Abstract

In eSwatini, traditional authority is essential for handling conflicts, making decisions, allocating land, and providing cultural activities for the people living in their chiefdom. In this study we examine the role of traditional chiefs in the acceptance of electronic banking (e-Banking) products in eSwatini. The aim was to look specifically at the tribal authority's influence. Therefore, Social Influence Theory as our theoretical lens was employed for this study with the purpose of understanding changes brought about in individual’s attitude. A focus group discussion was embarked on to obtain a diverse and comprehensive view of factors that are associated with the adoption of electronic banking products. A qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti version 9 was used for qualitative analysis in this study. The study shows that even though there is a positive view around Identification with traditional leadership, Compliance and Internalization contradict the view that traditional leadership influences the adoption of e-Banking products. This leads us to conclude that leadership does not have a strong effect on the adoption of these e-Banking products.

Sandile Thamie Mhlanga, Josef Langerman

The Benefits and Challenges of Using Datathons as a Method of Learning Data Analytics

Abstract

The acquisition of data analytics skills is becoming increasingly crucial in today's data-driven world. At the same time datathons are gaining traction in the field of data science since these events enable participants to collaboratively solve practical problems and make decisions using real-world data sets. This study explored how datathons may support the learning of data analytics. The study, which was exploratory and qualitative, collected data via five focus group sessions that were conducted with datathon participants. The aim was to investigate participants’ views on the perceived benefits, and challenges of using datathons to learn data analytics. The study results indicate that datathons provide a productive starting point for learning data analytics for individuals with no knowledge of data science. However, further learning opportunities and research are needed for an individual to fully grasp data analytics. For students in the field of technology, participating in datathons provides a unique opportunity to hone their data analytical skills in a competitive and collaborative environment. By working on real-world datasets and solving complex problems, participants indicated that they gained practical experience and learned valuable techniques for extracting insights from data. While datathons offer enriching experiences, there are some challenges with the intense, time-limited and competitive nature of these events. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of datathons in facilitating learning and skill development in data analytics and provides recommendations towards leveraging the potential of datathons as a learning tool in the field of data science.

Nkosikhona Theoren Msweli, Tendani Mawela

Exploring the Innovation Capabilities of Mauritian SMEs: A Factor Analysis Approach

Abstract

Amidst a rapidly evolving business landscape, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face increasing pressure to innovate and adapt to remain competitive. However, despite the critical role of innovation in driving business growth and competitiveness, there exists a notable gap in understanding the innovation capabilities of SMEs in Mauritius. To address this gap, this paper undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the innovation landscape among Mauritian SMEs, drawing upon survey data collected from 280 SMEs across various sectors. The survey instrument, designed to capture key dimensions of innovation capability based on authoritative literature, delved into critical areas including knowledge exploitation, entrepreneurial acumen, risk management, networking proficiency, development capacity, and change management strategies. Utilizing factor analysis, the study identified four distinct factors shaping innovation capabilities within Mauritian SMEs: customer and market acquisition, radical innovation and knowledge management, risk management, and networking. These findings underscore the imperative for SMEs to embrace innovation as a strategic pathway for sustainable growth and competitive advantage. Notably, the study highlights the essential role of internalizing and leveraging external knowledge in driving innovation within organizations, fostering dynamic adaptation and resilience. By clarifying key drivers of innovation, this research offers actionable insights for policymakers, business leaders, and stakeholders seeking to cultivate a conducive innovation ecosystem in Mauritius. Ultimately, the study contributes to filling a critical knowledge gap and provides a foundation for informed decision-making aimed at enhancing innovation and driving economic prosperity in Mauritius’ SME sector.

Kesseven Padachi, Diroubinee Mauree-Narrainen, Aleesha Boolaky, Hemant Chittoo, Needesh Ramphul, Lizette Weilbach

CyMed: A Framework for Testing Connected Medical Devices

Abstract

Connected Medical Devices (CMDs) significantly benefit patients but are also vulnerable to malfunctions that can harm. Despite strict safety regulations for market entry, there’s a notable shortage of specific cybersecurity frameworks for CMDs. Existing regulations on cybersecurity practices are often broad and lack detailed implementation steps. This paper introduces the CyMed framework, designed for vendors and end-users, offering explicit strategies to enhance the cybersecurity of CMDs. The effectiveness of CyMed is assessed through practical testing and expert interviews.

Christopher Scherb, Adrian Hadayah, Luc Bryan Heitz, Hermann Grieder, Petra Maria Asprion

Checklist for Effective Knowledge Visualization

Abstract

Rapid increase of data in the current digital age has led to an unprecedented rate of knowledge acquisition while the half-life of knowledge decreases. Communication and transfer of knowledge is a challenging and time-consuming task, especially when using the written word. Visual representation of knowledge is superior to verbal and written communication but has a high level of difficulty and cost regarding the maintenance of the visualizations, the reification of invalid views and the possibility of misinterpretation that could mislead or manipulate users. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a checklist of knowledge visualization success factors to guide designers in creating effective visualizations with maximum communicative power. The checklist of knowledge visualization success factors was developed through a document analysis where 25 success factors were identified. The 25 success factors were grouped according to the why, what, for whom, and how of knowledge before a questionnaire was distributed to software engineering professionals to validate and triangulate the findings. The use of the checklist provides designers with a list of knowledge visualization success factors to be considered to improve the effectiveness of the visualization.

Iddo-Imri Scholtz, Hanlie Smuts

Business Agility to Cope with the Increasing National Minimum Wage After the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case of SMEs in Mauritius

Abstract

Traditional business planning may not be the optimal preference for various firms across the world due to the unpredictable and dynamic business environment. The current research is based on business agility which involves the adaptability of firms particularly the SME Sector in Mauritius to the internal and external changes. A National Minimum Wage (NMW) was introduced in Mauritius in 2018 to alleviate alleged exploitation of low wage workers. The study intends to examine how the SMEs in Mauritius adapted themselves to survive in the market after the lockdown because of Covid-19. There are various factors to be taken into consideration in this study in terms of innovation, adaptability, optimisation of use of resources and digital transformation or automation of job tasks. The study adopted a quantitative approach via a survey through a questionnaire as a research instrument. A relatively large sample of 393 participants from the SME Sector responded to this survey. Three hypotheses emerged from the literature review which has been tested using the data collected from the questionnaire. The study revealed that with an increase in NMW and the Covid-19 pandemic, the SMEs have had to adopt changes with the factors under study and adoption of automation to remain competitive in the market. The outcomes of this research represent empirical evidence in the field.

Trisheeta Sewdin, Hemant B. Chittoo, Needesh Ramphul

Harnessing Technology for Mangrove Research in the Western Indian Ocean to Enhance Climate Change Resilience

Abstract

Mangroves in the Western Indian Ocean face increasing threats from climate change such as rising sea levels and storm surges. To increase mangrove resilience in the region, there is a need to leverage technological innovations for research, management and monitoring purposes. The aim of this paper was thus to review the role of technology in supporting mangrove research regionally. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using Google Scholar for the period 2004–2024. From 31, 934 articles retrieved, 160 records were selected for the assessment and keyword co-occurrence was conducted on VosViewer. Remote sensing, GIS and modeling techniques were highlighted as key tools for monitoring mangrove health, extent and change over time. Community engagement through participatory strategies such as PGIS was noted as effective mangrove conservation and resilience building efforts. The keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that there was a strong link between mangrove, climate change and sea level rise suggesting the importance of mangroves in coastal resilience. By embracing advancements in technology and fostering collaboration between researchers, local communities and practitioners, coastal nations’ resilience to climate change impacts can be enhanced by better managing and monitoring mangroves.

Reshma Sunkur, Komali Kantamaneni, Chandradeo Bokhoree, Upaka Rathnayake, Michael Fernando

Unveiling the Power of Apomediation: Perspectives from Individuals Living with Autoimmune Disease

Abstract

The contemporary patient typically conducts online research prior to consulting a physician. They are no longer solely reliant on healthcare professionals for information, instead empowered to engage in independent research and collaborate with fellow individuals who possess first-hand experiences with their condition. In this digital age, social networking sites are progressively emerging as a popular resource for patients seeking information and support. This highlights the transformative potential of social networking platforms as channels for apomediation—where patients actively seek and share medical information and support, primarily through online platforms, beyond the confines of traditional healthcare channels. Ultimately, the modern patient plays an active and empowered role in their healthcare journey. Understanding their specific requirements becomes crucial in amplifying the value of tools such as social networking services. These platforms serve as vehicles to enhance apomediation, facilitating the exchange of health-related information and support among patients. The purpose of this study was to understand the requirements of individuals with autoimmune disease in respect of apomediation. By comprehensively examining these requirements, the study aimed to contribute to a better understanding of how the needs of individuals with autoimmune disease can best be served in a disintermediated setting using technology-based interactions.

Eldridge van der Westhuizen, Dalenca Pottas, Sue Petratos

A Conceptual Framework for Digitalized Payment Systems in South Africa

Abstract

South Africa is regarded as a dual economy in which a significant financial and digital gap exists between people who live in rural, underdeveloped areas and those who live in urban, developed areas. The people who live in rural areas are often referred to as financially excluded because they do not fully participate in the country’s economy. In such environments, the financially excluded frequently travel long distances to access financial products and services. A payment system is any system used to settle financial transactions by transferring monetary value. The digitalization of payment systems, in the context of this study, refers to the modernization and enhancement of payment systems using innovation and technology. This paper explores digitalizing South African payment systems so that the financially excluded can access basic banking. Financial inclusion refers to people and businesses accessing good banking resources, financial products, and services – resulting in improved economic growth. The study is underpinned by the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework as a lens to understand TOE elements relevant to the digitalization (technology) assisting the South African banking industry (organization) in its attempt to foster financial inclusivity of those living in the rural areas (environment). This study used a systematic review of the literature to propose a conceptual research framework that could be used to investigate the digitalization of payment systems in the South African banking industry for financial inclusion.

Mvelo Walaza, Sunet Eybers

Exploring the Innovation Capabilities of South African SMEs: A Principal Component Analysis Approach

Abstract

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in the economic growth and innovation of any nation. Despite their importance, SMEs often face significant challenges that hinder their innovation processes, including financial limitations and restricted access to information and technology. Additionally, understanding how open innovation practices can sustain competitive advantages in fast-evolving global markets is essential. This study investigates the innovation capabilities in South African SMEs, focusing on their relative importance in driving innovation, highlighting their multifaceted approach to drive innovation and remain competitive. A survey of 220 South African SMEs evaluated 19 innovation capabilities across 8 dimensions using a 5-point Likert scale. Principal component analysis identified five key factor groupings: risk management, customer acquisition, knowledge management, business networks, and innovation/product enhancement. The findings reveal that SMEs strategically manage risks, leverage customer insights, and cultivate networks to enhance their innovation capabilities, thereby positioning themselves as competitive players. By pinpointing the primary drivers of innovation, this study proposes strategies to strengthen these capabilities in the dynamic global economic landscape.

Lizette Weilbach, Hanlie Smuts, Aleesha Boolaky, Hemant Chittoo, Diroubinee Mauree-Narrainen, Kesseven Padachi, Needesh Ramphul

Predictors of Workplace Satisfaction: Working Onsite Versus Working from Home

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has not only taught us about viral infections, but also provided employers with unique opportunities to experiment with different work modes. What leads employees to be more satisfied: working onsite or working from home? The aim of this paper is to elucidate how the work environment impacts workplace satisfaction. In the framework of Herzberg’s motivation theory, we define the physical, digital, and social environment as the most important hygiene factors. In our study, we investigate the relationship between these hygiene factors and workplace satisfaction. Based on the survey data from office workers in Switzerland, we identify the predictors of workplace satisfaction for working onsite and working from home respectively. Our statistical analysis shows that the three hygiene factors have a significant positive impact on workplace satisfaction both for working onsite and working from home. Specifically, the workplace design in the context of the physical environment stands out to have the strongest effect on the workplace satisfaction for onsite work. In contrast, for working from home, the software availability in the context of the digital environment exerts the greatest influence on workplace satisfaction. Thus, workplace satisfaction can be maximized by targeted optimization of specific aspects of the work environment depending on the work mode.

Xinhua Wittmann, Daria Klyushina

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