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Software Business

7th International Conference, ICSOB 2016, Ljubljana, Slovenia, June 13-14, 2016, Proceedings

herausgegeben von: Andrey Maglyas, Anna-Lena Lamprecht

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Software Business, ICSOB 2016, held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, in June 2016. Software business refers to commercial activities in and around the software industry aimed at generating income from the delivery of software products and services. The theme of the event was "Software as a New Way of Providing Cutting-edge Solutions".
The 10 full and 5 short papers for ICSOB were selected from 38 submissions. The papers span a wide range of issues related to contemporary software business, ranging from strategic aspects to operational challenges. The strong presence of software ecosystem papers confirms the importance of this topic and influence on software business. In addition, a short abstract of the key note by Peter Lick and Hans-Bernd Kittlaus is also included.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Supporting Strategic Decision-Making for Selection of Software Assets

Abstract

Companies developing software are constantly striving to gain or keep their competitive advantage on the market. To do so, they should balance what to develop themselves and what to get from elsewhere, which may be software components or software services. These strategic decisions need to be aligned with business objectives and the capabilities and constraints of possible options. These sourcing options include: in-house, COTS, open source and outsourcing. The objective of this paper is to present an approach to support decision-makers in selecting appropriate types of origins in a specific case that maximizes the benefits of the selected business strategy. The approach consists of three descriptive models, as well as a decision process and a knowledge repository. The three models are a decision model that comprises three cornerstones (stakeholders, origins and criteria) and is based on a taxonomy for formulating decision models in this context, and two supporting models (property models and context models).

Claes Wohlin, Krzysztof Wnuk, Darja Smite, Ulrik Franke, Deepika Badampudi, Antonio Cicchetti

Software Analytics for Planning Product Evolution

Abstract

Evolution of a software product is inevitable as product context changes and the product gradually becomes less useful if it is not adapted. Planning is a basis to evolve a software product. The product manager, who carries responsibilities of planning, requires but does not always have access to high-quality information for making the best possible planning decisions. The current study aims to understand whether and when analytics are valuable for product planning and how they can be interpreted to a software product plan. The study was designed with an interview-based survey methodology approach through 17 in-depth semi-structured interviews with product managers. Based on results from qualitative analysis of the interviews, we defined an analytics-based model. The model shows that analytics have potentials to support the interpretation of product goals while is constrained by both product characteristics and product goals. The model implies how to use analytics for a good support of product planning evolution.

Farnaz Fotrousi, Samuel A. Fricker

Ecosystems Here, There, and Everywhere

A Barometrical Analysis of the Roots of ‘Software Ecosystem’

Abstract

This study structures the ecosystem literature by using a bibliometrical approach in analysing theoretical roots of ecosystem studies. Several disciplines, such as innovation, management and software studies have established own streams in the ecosystem research. This paper reports the results of analysing 601 articles from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science database, and identifies ten separate research communities which have established their own thematic ecosystem disciplines. We show that five sub-communities have emerged inside the field of software ecosystems. The software ecosystem literature draws its theoretical background from (1) technical, (2) research methodology, (3) business, (4) management, and (5) strategy oriented disciplines. The results pave the way for future research by illustrating the existing and missing links and directions in the field of the software ecosystem.

Arho Suominen, Sami Hyrynsalmi, Marko Seppänen

PDISC – Towards a Method for Software Product DISCovery

Type: Exploratory Paper

Abstract

For the creation of software products, the idea of iterative and incremental development and design is widely accepted and embedded in various methodologies. However, earlier activities within software projects are often the cause for the projects termination. Such activities are often described as the product discovery phase. Therefore, this study develops PDISC, a method for software product discovery. Following a design science research approach, a systematic literature review extracts design requirements and method fragments from literature. The method fragments describe early activities and are documented using process deliverable diagrams. Collectively, such method fragments form a method database that is used to develop PDISC. PDISC helps practitioners to conduct early activities in a systematic way in order to create a product vision.

Karl Werder, Benedikt Zobel, Alexander Maedche

Supporting the Evolution of Research in Software Ecosystems: Reviewing the Empirical Literature

Abstract

The field of software ecosystems is gradually transiting towards an established means of software development and distribution, counting numerous areas of applicability. However, research in software ecosystems, although the activity of over 10 years, is still characterized as premature with significant lack of software ecosystem specific theories that are solid, mature, generic, and detailed enough to be measurable and transferable. In this study, we intent to come closer to an evolution of the field by supporting the “localization” of research, i.e. the focus on specific types of software ecosystems. To do so, we investigate the literature of empirical, non open source ecosystem studies and intent to identify the various aspects and perspectives studied.

In total, we review 56 empirical studies that investigate 55 software ecosystems. Our analysis confirms the assumption that proprietary software ecosystem studies lack deeper investigation of technical and collaborative aspects. Moreover, we identify an increased focus on organizational aspects and a rather limited focus on business. Furthermore, we identify common technology as the component investigated most in the ecosystems, both from the technical aspects, but also as means of applying orchestration. Finally, comparing the main areas with the overall ecosystem literature, we identify that empirical studies lack representation of health, motivation, actor activity, reusability, integration, and quality of ecosystems.

Konstantinos Manikas

A Survey of Modeling Approaches for Software Ecosystems

Abstract

Software ecosystems is one promising strategy for organizations to find new market segments, new innovative value propositions creating new value streams. However, understanding internal and external actors, resources and relationships that could be leveraged in a SECO is critical for their strategic decisions. The consequence of mistakes may be costly failures that can force an organization to move out of a market. This paper describes a systematic mapping study that targets description of software ecosystems. Our conjecture is that adequate description support leads to modeling, which will improve information and in turn strategic decisions. The survey searches existing literature for description techniques and their application for comprehensive description.

The study identifies and maps 63 primary studies out of 937 candidates according to their degree of modeling support and several other important aspects for SECO description. The analysis indicates that no approach fully supports comprehensive SECO descriptions, supporting domain specific and view specific modeling of ecosystem concerns. The analysis is used to highlight areas for a future research agenda.

Oskar Pettersson, Jesper Andersson

The Impact of Internet of Things on Software Business Models

Abstract

Context. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is significantly impacting software business. Several contributions were made in the literature regarding IoT. However, the importance of various business model elements for IoT and the impact of IoT on requirements engineering activities remains greatly unexplored. This paper focuses on the impact of IoT on software business models and requirements engineering. The objectives for this research include: (1) summarizing the current business models for IoT, (2) analyzing the impact of IoT on software business models (3) analyzing the impact of IoT on requirements engineering. We conducted a systematic snowballing literature review, followed by an industrial survey. We identified 21 peer reviewed papers which were analyzed in relation to their rigor and relevance and received 56 survey responses. The results of the literature review indicate 9 business model elements that IoT literature focus on. Morevoer, 4 business model aspects were described with respect to the business model structure, context and governance. The industrial survey results highlighted that value proposition, followed by customer segmentation and revenue streams were the most important business model elements for IoT. Moreover, the survey results suggest that requirement management, requirement prioritization and requirement modeling and analysis are highly impacted by IoT.

Krzysztof Wnuk, Bhanu Teja Murari

Leveraging Bitcoin Blockchain Technology to Modernize Security Perfection Under the Uniform Commercial Code

Abstract

The states of the United States operate parallel registration systems under the rules of the Uniform Commercial Code to provide notice of existing security interests in collateral to lenders. The current system is primarily a paper-based system more suited to the 19th than the 21st century. While the states have implemented varying degrees of computerization and modernization, dealing with fifty separate registration databases has made it difficult for banks and their attorneys to automate their processes, leading to errors and loss. The system could be modernized by storing the records for all 50 states in a single shared database with external electronic access. In this paper, we propose an implementation of a distributed, replicated database utilizing a variation on the Bitcoin blockchain for data storage and validation.

David S. Gerstl

To Network or not to Network? Analysis of the Finnish Software Industry – A Networking Approach

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to study the role of networking in the development and present situation of Finnish software companies. Although the target of interest of this study is Finland, the conclusions can also to some extent be applied to other countries with mature software industries. In Finland there is uniquely wide longitudinal material on the software business available; the software industry survey is an annual study targeted for the branch, which has already been repeated for 18 consecutive years. The study shows that networking has been a key trend in the industry and also a driver for internationalization, but as it has not been identified very well in networking literature concerning the software industry, there is a clear need for further examination of software industry networks.

Katariina Yrjönkoski, Nina Helander, Hannu Jaakkola

A Dynamic Pricing Model for Software Products Incorporating Human Experiences

Abstract

At the age of software as a service (SasS) and cloud computing as compared to what is used to be earlier, designing product strategies is a challenging concern for software product management researchers. Comparative statics models are considered to identify software market characteristics while assessing the managerial decisions during the software product strategy design. However, their applicability in dynamic market analysis is rather limited. Important concerns in dynamic market such as dynamic pricing cannot be fully estimated. This motivated the development of a simulation-based dynamic model to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of using different pricing models. The proposed (simulation) approach given in details in this paper can be used in conducting complex analysis of software product strategy that involves consideration of product strategy as a portfolio of interrelated solutions rather than a set of independent managerial decisions.

Andrey Saltan, Uolevi Nikula, Ahmed Seffah, Alexander Yurkov

A Case Study of the Health of an Augmented Reality Software Ecosystem: Vuforia

Abstract

Augmented Reality is becoming increasingly popular. The success of a platform is typically observed by measuring the health of the software ecosystem surrounding it. In this paper, we take a closer look at the Vuforia ecosystem’s health by mining the Vuforia platform application repository. It is observed that the developer ecosystem is the strength of the platform. We also determine that Vuforia could be the biggest player in the market if they lay its focus on specific types of app development.

Lamia Soussi, Zeena Spijkerman, Slinger Jansen

Towards ‘Human/System Synergistic Development’: How Emergent System Characteristics Change Software Development

Abstract

With recent and rapid advances in areas such as online games, embedded systems and Internet of Things, the traditional notion of what constitutes a system, as well as how a system is typically developed, is fundamentally changing. Instead of systems that are specified upfront, and for which there are pre-defined purposes and tasks, we are increasingly experiencing a situation in which interconnectivity and emergent configurations of systems allow dynamic system capabilities that evolve and adjust over time. Regarded as the new digital business paradigm, these types of systems offer fundamentally new ways for software development companies in their service- and value creation. At the same time, they present challenges in these organizations. In this paper, and based on multiple case study research in three different domains, we identify emergent system characteristics that pose new challenges on software development. We present a model that outlines the transition from traditional development towards ‘Human/System Synergistic Development’ (HuSySD), in which software development is a joint effort between software development teams and intelligent systems.

Helena Holmström Olsson, Jan Bosch

User Dimensions in ‘Internet of Things’ Systems: The UDIT Model

Abstract

‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) systems are fundamentally changing the way in which we interact and perceive technology. In this paper, we focus on two dimensions of IoT systems; (1) the IoT user interface and (2) the IoT ecosystem. We develop a model that identifies how data is presented to users and how users interact with the system, and the level at which systems interconnect with, and collects data from, external systems. Companies can use the model to map their systems according to the dimensions in order to: (1) identify current state of their systems, (2) identify desired state and (3) better understand the steps necessary to develop more advanced IoT systems. We evaluate the dimensions in five case companies and provide empirical evidence on the transition towards increasingly advanced IoT systems.

Helena Holmström Olsson, Jan Bosch, Brian Katumba

How Do Software Startups Pivot? Empirical Results from a Multiple Case Study

Abstract

In order to handle intense time pressure and survive in dynamic market, software startups have to make crucial decisions constantly on whether to change directions or stay on chosen courses, or in the terms of Lean Startup, to pivot or to persevere. The existing research and knowledge on software startup pivots are very limited. In this study, we focused on understanding the pivoting processes of software startups, and identified the triggering factors and pivot types. To achieve this, we employed a multiple case study approach, and analyzed the data obtained from four software startups. The initial findings show that different software startups make different types of pivots related to business and technology during their product development life cycle. The pivots are triggered by various factors including negative customer feedback.

Sohaib Shahid Bajwa, Xiaofeng Wang, Anh Nguven Duc, Pekka Abrahamsson

Mobile Gamification Principles Applied to Social Engagement

Short Paper of Industry Experience

Abstract

Gamification in consumer mobile applications involves unique usability interaction and gestures, environmental setting, and consumers’ short attention span. In addition, privacy concerns introduce constraints to the gamified social activities particularly due to usage of social sharing. This paper presents mobile gamification principles applied at GAMIFO PaaS, a gamification-based social engagement cloud platform, and suggests requirements for constructing a flexible gamification toolset tuned for mobile applications. A case study is discussed with regard to the impact of location detection, Gyro and alerting, as well as gamification adjustment for mobile setting, such as the separation of allocated and redeemed events and timing of consumers’ attention. During the field experiments over 40 marketing campaigns were investigated, in which sales conversion ratio varied from 5 % to 50 %.

Ethan Hadar

Backmatter

Titel: Software Business
herausgegeben von: Andrey Maglyas
Anna-Lena Lamprecht
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-40515-5
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40514-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40515-5