Solar Buildings and Neighborhoods

Design Considerations for High Energy Performance

verfasst von: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Caroline Hachem-Vermette

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Green Energy and Technology

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book presents the main principles for designing buildings and neighborhoods with increased potential to capture and utilize solar energy. It discusses practical issues in the design of the built environment and their impact on energy performance; and a range of design considerations, from building components (e.g. the building envelope) to urban planning issues (e.g. density and street layouts). In addition to design guidelines on how to increase buildings’ potential to capture solar energy, the book provides creative tips to increase the aesthetic value of solar technology integration in buildings.

Helping readers plan energy-efficient buildings with innovative building envelope technologies, and to understand the impact of early-stage design considerations on the energy performance of buildings and communities, the book offers a valuable source of information for building professionals, including architects, engineers, and urban planners. It can also serve as a reference guide for academics and students of energy efficiency in buildings and urban planning.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Principles of Solar Design

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the main solar principles to allow capture and utilization of solar energy in buildings. A brief historical view of solar energy application is first presented, followed by a brief outline of solar energy utilization in the built environment. The chapter highlights the difference between passive and active solar design, and focuses on passive solar design principles and main applications. Utilization of passive solar energy in buildings, summarized in this chapter, includes passive heating and cooling, and daylighting. This chapter highlights the general role of building design in capturing and utilization of passive solar energy.

Caroline Hachem-Vermette

Chapter 2. Introduction to Building Envelope

Abstract

This chapter presents an overview of the building envelope’s function, and main characteristics and components. It gives an insight into the energy performance of building envelope and methods to enhance this performance. The chapter presents a summary of heat transfer mechanisms through the building and outlines main design considerations to reduce energy loss through the building envelope, while improving the admission of solar radiation into the indoor space. Building-integrated passive systems are discussed, including advanced building envelope systems and components that aim at improving solar energy capture and utilization, while enhancing human comfort.

Caroline Hachem-Vermette

Chapter 3. Selected High-Performance Building Envelopes

Abstract

This chapter presents selected high-performance building envelope systems, as key components in the design of solar buildings and communities. Building envelopes are divided into two main categories, low-rise (up to three floors) and multistory buildings. For the low-rise buildings, advanced, high energy performance, building envelope systems such as double-stud walls, structural insulated panels, and insulated concrete forms are presented. Multistory building envelope systems discussed in this chapter include double-skin facades and climate-adaptive facade systems, with special focus on intelligent envelope systems. The multifunctionality of facade systems in multistory buildings, as a key component in advanced high-performance envelope, is highlighted.

Caroline Hachem-Vermette

Chapter 4. Active Solar Technologies

Abstract

This chapter presents a summary of active solar technologies employed to convert solar radiation into thermal and electrical energy, to be utilized in various building applications including space heating, domestic hot water, and to meet various electrical requirements. Active solar technologies include various types of photovoltaic (PV) technologies (such as different PV cells, semi-transparent PV, transparent PV, and others), hybrid PV/thermal collectors, and solar thermal collectors. Current advancements in these technologies are summarized. In addition, the methods of integration of these technologies into buildings and especially the building envelope are discussed. The main criteria for successful integration and performance of these technologies are highlighted.

Caroline Hachem-Vermette

Chapter 5. Advanced Solar Envelope Design

Abstract

This chapter presents advanced geometrical designs of roofs and facades, for increased thermal and electrical solar energy generation. Roofs are designed to accommodate solar technologies for low-rise buildings, while facade designs are mostly associated with multistorey buildings. A number of designs of roofs and facades are presented, ranging from simple and conventional designs, to more sophisticated designs, based on multifaceted geometries. The impact of these designs on the heating and cooling loads of these buildings is discussed. In addition, the impact of buildings’ layout, on the design of roof and facade surfaces for solar collectors’ integration and on the overall energy performance is analyzed. Applications of some of these designs are presented.

To demonstrate various design impacts, the chapter relies on hypothetical examples that are designed, and systematically simulated and analyzed. While simulations are conducted for specific geographic locations, modifications of these designs in view of their applications to other locations are discussed.

Caroline Hachem-Vermette

Chapter 6. Introduction to Solar Neighborhoods

Abstract

This chapter introduces the general concept of solar neighborhoods. The characteristics of a neighborhood are presented, followed by an overview of energy performance on an urban scale, including energy consumption and potential of renewable energy generation. Impact of neighborhood design on solar energy potential is briefly discussed in this chapter. Specific parameters that influence solar energy access and utilization, such as building design, density and community layout, are briefly introduced. These factors are presented in more detail in Chaps. 7 and 8, with relation to two types of neighborhoods: small-scale residential neighborhood, and mixed-use larger scale neighborhood.

Advanced neighborhood design trends which pose challenges both for research and application are presented. These include Net-zero Energy Neighborhoods and Zero Carbon Emissions Neighborhoods. These are neighborhoods that are closely affected by the potential of their buildings and urban surfaces, to capture and utilize solar energy, while reducing the dependence on fossil-based fuel.

The chapter discusses modeling and simulation methods, as means to study various energy efficiency and solar potential strategies, applied on neighborhood scale.

Caroline Hachem-Vermette

Chapter 7. Residential, Low-Density Neighborhoods

Abstract

This chapter presents the main principles in the design of solar residential, low-density neighborhoods. The main parameters influencing the capture of solar energy are discussed. These parameters are mostly associated with density and street layout, as well as building shapes. The chapter employs a number of hypothetical case studies of small-scale residential neighborhoods to demonstrate various design principles and their impact. The selected examples aim at presenting flexibility of design, while promoting energy conservation, and maximizing solar capture and utilization.

Caroline Hachem-Vermette

Chapter 8. Mixed-Use Solar Neighborhoods

Abstract

This chapter presents an overview of some of the main design issues and opportunities in planning mixed-use solar communities. The chapter discusses the impacts on solar access of neighborhood’s shape, layout of streets, density of buildings, and of the combination of various types of buildings. The application of energy generation and storage technologies, such as thermal storage and PV integration applications, is presented as well.

Caroline Hachem-Vermette

Titel: Solar Buildings and Neighborhoods
verfasst von: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Caroline Hachem-Vermette
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-47016-6
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-47015-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47016-6