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Erschienen in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2/2017

04.11.2016 | Original Paper

Solubility Measurements and Predictions of Gypsum, Anhydrite, and Calcite Over Wide Ranges of Temperature, Pressure, and Ionic Strength with Mixed Electrolytes

verfasst von: Zhaoyi Dai, Amy T. Kan, Wei Shi, Nan Zhang, Fangfu Zhang, Fei Yan, Narayan Bhandari, Zhang Zhang, Ya Liu, Gedeng Ruan, Mason B. Tomson

Erschienen in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering | Ausgabe 2/2017

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Abstract

Today’s oil and gas production from deep reservoirs permits exploitation of more oil and gas reserves but increases risks due to conditions of high temperature and high pressure. Predicting mineral solubility under such extreme conditions is critical for mitigating scaling risks, a common and costly problem. Solubility predictions use solubility products and activity coefficients, commonly from Pitzer theory virial coefficients. However, inaccurate activity coefficients and solubility data have limited accurate mineral solubility predictions and applications of the Pitzer theory. This study measured gypsum solubility under its stable phase conditions up to 1400 bar; it also confirmed the anhydrite solubility reported in the literature. Using a novel method, the virial coefficients for Ca2+ and \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }\) (i.e., \(\beta_{{{\text{CaSO}}_{4} }}^{(0)} ,\beta_{{{\text{CaSO}}_{4} }}^{(2)} ,C_{{{\text{CaSO}}_{4} }}^{\phi }\)) were calculated over wide ranges of temperature and pressure (0–250 °C and 1–1400 bar). The determination of this set of virial coefficients widely extends the applicable temperature and pressure ranges of the Pitzer theory in Ca2+ and SO 4 2− systems. These coefficients can be applied to improve the prediction of calcite solubility in the presence of high concentrations of Ca2+ and SO 4 2− ions. These new virial coefficients can also be used to predict the solubilities of gypsum and anhydrite accurately. Moreover, based on the derived \(\beta_{{{\text{CaSO}}_{4} }}^{(2)}\) values in this study, the association constants of \({\text{CaSO}}_{4}^{\left( 0 \right)}\) at 1 bar and 25 °C can be estimated by \(K_{\text{assoc}} = - 2\beta_{{{\text{CaSO}}_{4} }}^{(2)}\). These values match very well with those reported in the literature based on other methods.

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Metadaten
Titel
Solubility Measurements and Predictions of Gypsum, Anhydrite, and Calcite Over Wide Ranges of Temperature, Pressure, and Ionic Strength with Mixed Electrolytes
verfasst von
Zhaoyi Dai
Amy T. Kan
Wei Shi
Nan Zhang
Fangfu Zhang
Fei Yan
Narayan Bhandari
Zhang Zhang
Ya Liu
Gedeng Ruan
Mason B. Tomson
Publikationsdatum
04.11.2016
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering / Ausgabe 2/2017
Print ISSN: 0723-2632
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-453X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1123-9

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