Solutions from Nature and Engineering

With an understanding of the problem at hand from the previous chapter, we will now explore a few of the methods used to deal with this type of problem in nature and in engineering. Biological systems include mechanisms for adapting to changing environments. In engineering, control systems must often be designed to respond properly to unexpected control inputs. This chapter explores a few dynamic adaptation techniques used in biological systems and control engineering to examine opportunities for incorporation of their techniques into EA models and theory.