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Erschienen in:
Introduction to Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Sonar Systems and the Sonar Equation

verfasst von : Douglas A. Abraham

Erschienen in: Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce several basic concepts related to sonar systems and their analysis through the sonar equation. The components of a sonar system are described, including monostatic, bistatic, and distributed systems. Examples of how they can be used to localize objects of interest are presented for active and passive systems. The Doppler effect, arising from motion of the sonar platform and/or the object of interest is described as well as how it affects standard sonar pulses. The sonar equation, which is a performance evaluation of a sonar system in terms of the signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR), is introduced for passive and active systems. The SNR required to achieve a desired detection or estimation performance (known as the detection threshold term in the sonar equation) is described for common signal models, detection algorithms, and for angle estimation with a line array of sensors.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Introduction to Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing
Nächstes Kapitel Underwater Acoustics
Fußnoten
1
Multilateration is the same localization technique as that used in the long-range navigation (LORAN) system.
 
2
The spectral density of a pressure signal measured in μPa has units μPa2∕Hz so applying (2.38) results in the reference \(1\,\upmu \text{Pa}/\sqrt {\text{Hz}}\), which can lead to confusion because it characterizes the square root of a spectral density, which is not a commonly used quantity.
 
3
The CRLB derived in [48], which begins with sampled data, assumes the in-phase and quadrature components of the noise each have variance σ 2. The result presented here uses σ 2∕2 so the SNR is S h formed as a ratio of MSPs. This follows from the discussion of basebanding and sampling signals and noise in Sects. 7.​3.​1–7.​3.​5. The result in (2.101) also converts the result to a physical angle from an electronic one and includes the effect of using an array at frequencies below the design.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Sonar Systems and the Sonar Equation
verfasst von
Douglas A. Abraham
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Buch
Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92981-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-92983-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92983-5_2

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