Spatiotemporal Variation in Precipitation in Different Topographic Regions against the Background of Climate Change

In the context of climate change, both global and regional climate patterns have changed significantly, and the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of precipitation have also been adjusted. This study analyzes precipitation changes in Shaanxi Province (1960–2023) to understand regional climate impacts and guide water resource management, agriculture, and disaster planning. Using data from the Loess Plateau, Guanzhong Plain, and Qinba Mountains, the study reveals significant spatial and temporal variations. Precipitation decreases from southern to northern Shaanxi, with the southern Qinba Mountains receiving the most (886.94 mm/year) and the northern Loess Plateau the least (452.89 mm/year). Summer precipitation decreases from south to north, while winter precipitation is generally low across all regions. Over the past 64 years, northern Shaanxi has seen a significant increase in precipitation since 2012, while Guanzhong’s precipitation has remained stable. In southern Shaanxi, precipitation has increased in the east but decreased in the southwest. Seasonal changes include a notable decrease in spring precipitation in Guanzhong (–3.61 mm/10 years), while summer precipitation has increased significantly in southern Shaanxi’s mountains (13.20 mm/10 years). Precipitation in northern Shaanxi tends to increase in summer and autumn.