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Erschienen in:
2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
15. Standardization
verfasst von : Wolfgang Kresse, David Danko, Kian Fadaie
Erschienen in: Springer Handbook of Geographic Information
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
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Abstract
This chapter contains a detailed presentation of the geomatics standards of the ISO/TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) as of 2021. Section 15.1 is dedicated to interoperability, which is a driving force for standardization along with many other interoperability enablers, such as quality assurance, confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, nonrepudiation, usability, verification, validation, and metadata, which provide the trust and understanding of geospatial resources necessary ensure interoperability. The standards are categorized as de jure and de facto standards. The standardization organizations ISO, IEC, and ITU are presented in Sect. 15.2, and the standardization procedure, from working draft, via committee draft to international standard is outlined.
Section 15.3 describes the development of ISO/TC 211 from its predecessor, CEN/TC 287 Geographic information, to the present program of work. The most basic standards, the reference models, are explained, followed by a discussion about standards implementation strategies. A roadmap to the complete 19100 standards family is shown in the beginning of Sect. 15.3.3.
Section 15.4 illustrates the manifold of links from ISO/TC 211 to other ISO committees and international organizations as internal and external liaison members, respectively. Each of the liaison members is briefly portrayed. Section 15.5 is dedicated to the OGC, which is an industry standardization body for implementation level standards. The structure and the standards development process are explained in detail. The standards are grouped into interoperability specifications (IS) and abstract specifications (AS); the latter served as a template for some early ISO 19100 standards. OGC standards are continuously being extended, and many of them have been forwarded to become ISO standards. Each AS and IS is explained in detail. A glossary of ISO-terms with about 1000 entries is closely linked to this chapter.