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2019 | Buch

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Startups and Innovation Ecosystems in Emerging Markets

A Brazilian Perspective

herausgegeben von: Moacir de Miranda Oliveira, Jr., Fernanda Ribeiro Cahen, Felipe Mendes Borini

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book examines the behavior of high-tech startups and important aspects of innovation ecosystems in Brazil. It discusses how the local business environment boosts startups and high-tech entrepreneurship, leading to the most successful implementation of technology parks and incubation movements in Latin America. In the first part, the chapters explore the experience of Brazilian high-tech startups with regard to innovation, funding, background of the entrepreneur and their efforts entering international markets. The second part is dedicated to innovation ecosystems and explains the role of business incubators, acceleration programs, and university entrepreneurship in the country.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview on the behavior of high-tech startups and on important aspects of innovation ecosystems in Brazil. We discuss high-tech entrepreneurship by focusing the start of new high-tech businesses, here referred to as high-tech startups. We also discuss the context in which local innovation ecosystem can promote high-tech entrepreneurship. In this chapter we present the rise of high-tech startups and innovation ecosystems in Brazil, and its concentration in the Southern and Southeastern states of the country, especially in the state of São Paulo. This introductory chapter also offers the framework that highlights the central message of the book, comprising the experience of Brazilian high-tech startups with regard to innovation, sustainability, funding, and background of the entrepreneurs, and their efforts for entering international markets. The framework also highlights the innovation ecosystems and explains the role of business incubators, acceleration programs, government efforts and university entrepreneurship in the country. The framework is the basis for the organization of the chapters in this book.

Moacir de Miranda Oliveira Jr., Fernanda Ribeiro Cahen, Felipe Mendes Borini

High-Tech Startups

Frontmatter

Chapter 2. Startups and Technology Transfer from Universities and Research Centers—An Analysis of the Impact on Launching New Products

Abstract

In this chapter we analyze the importance of technology transfer from universities and research centers to startups that reside in technology-based incubators (TBIs). More specifically, we tested if this relationship affects the launching of new products by the startups. Startups residing in TBIs, which have a relationship with universities and research centers, tend to launch more new products than those that have no relationship with such institutions. Additionally, we also tested the hypothesis that the higher the number of formal TBI agreements with universities and research centers, the greater the launch of new products by incubated startups. Methodology involved a questionnaire forwarded to 44 TBIs and personal interviews with managers, in addition to visits to the 44 TBIs. We also conducted a survey with 461 startups incubated in TBIs in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Moacir de Miranda Oliveira Jr., Carolina Cristina Fernandes, Roberto Sbragia, Felipe Mendes Borini

Chapter 3. Internationalization of Brazilian High-Tech Startups

Abstract

In this chapter we discuss how high-tech startups, as nascent businesses with limited resources, succeed in international markets. Based on survey results and case studies, the chapter offers an overview of the drivers that influence the internationalization of startups and presents cases of successful internationalized startups from Brazil. We used a mixed method approach, combining a quantitative survey and a multiple-case study methodology. We divide these drivers into organizational drivers, entrepreneur-related drivers, and external drivers, through a survey applied to Brazilian startups. Additionally, based on eight case studies, we analyzed the necessary drivers, related to digital capabilities, for these companies to pursue an internationalization process.

Fernanda Ribeiro Cahen

Chapter 4. The Background of the Entrepreneur in High-Tech Incubated Startups

Abstract

This chapter describes the profile of entrepreneurs of high-tech startups located in business incubators in the state of São Paulo. The research involved 112 startups. Most of the surveyed startups have entrepreneurs with high levels of formal education, most of them with Master and PhD degrees. In addition, the majority of entrepreneurs were educated in fields of knowledge close to exact sciences, and work in areas related to research and development (R&D) and production. Their average previous experience is 18 years in industry and 6 years in the company where they currently work.

Natan de Souza Marques, Roberto Sbragia, Moacir de Miranda Oliveira Jr., Felipe Mendes Borini

Chapter 5. The Financing of the Startup Life Cycle

Abstract

Each source of financing in the market has its own characteristics, with different benefits and costs. Therefore, there are more and less appropriate sources of financial resources for each company, depending on its needs. With this in mind, this chapter presents a list of the main sources of financing by stages of the life cycle of Brazilian startups. Definitions, investment processes, challenges that need to be overcome and cases of Brazilian companies that use each source are discussed. Knowing the differences between funding sources is extremely important for entrepreneurs to make decisions about which type of capital is the best option to finance their businesses.

Liliam Sanchez Carrete, Aline Mariane de Faria

Innovation Ecosystems

Frontmatter

Chapter 6. The Contribution of Technology Parks to High-Tech Startups

Abstract

High-tech startups typically choose to be located in technology parks as a way to overcome the inherent limitations of small and young companies, such as the lack of skilled human resources and financial constraints. The objective of this study was to verify how the actors in a technology park contribute to the product development of high-tech startups. The nature of the research was qualitative, based on a multiple case study of three firms established in technology parks located in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. Results indicate the importance of cooperation with universities in product development, and the financial resources provided by government agencies to foster innovation.

Carlos Augusto França Vargas, Guilherme Ary Plonski

Chapter 7. Evaluation and Challenges in Managing Business Incubators

Abstract

In this chapter we investigate Technology-Based Incubators (TBIs) in the state of São Paulo. The objective is to identify managerial aspects, as well as to observe some important initiatives, highlighting the bottlenecks and challenges that might come along. We used a mixed research method, characterized by the convergence of qualitative and quantitative data. Thirty-four active incubators were mapped, and we conducted personal interviews with the managers of 28 incubators. Furthermore, we collected data from 100 incubated companies through electronic survey. Results reveal an ongoing movement, particularly related to actions for achieving financial sustainability of incubators and incubated companies.

Diego Bonaldo Coelho, Bruno Giovanni Mazzola, Carolina Cristina Fernandes, Moacir de Miranda Oliveira Jr.

Chapter 8. Practices and Indicators of Sustainability in Business Incubators

Abstract

This chapter presents a descriptive study of practices and indicators related to social and environmental management of business incubators in the state of São Paulo. We analyze how sustainability is taken into consideration in managerial decisions and in daily actions, as well as the adoption of social and environmental indicators. The research is based on both quantitative and qualitative approaches. We selected managers from 37 incubators, to whom we sent questionnaires and also interviewed them. Our results indicate that, despite being aware of the importance of adopting sustainability practices and indicators, incubators are far from sustainable. None has social or environmental certifications, and all managerial planning is still based only on financial indicators. Therefore, our study demonstrates that there is a great potential to be explored, regarding social and environmental management in incubators.

Carolina Cristina Fernandes, Bruno Giovanni Mazzola, Karen Esteves, Moacir de Miranda Oliveira Jr.

Chapter 9. Acceleration Programs in Brazil: A Government Case Study of SEED.MG

Abstract

This chapter analyzes how a Brazilian government accelerator works, by examining potential performance indicators. Method: Case Study. The chosen case study is the government accelerator Startups and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Development (SEED), which operates in the state of Minas Gerais (MG). SEED is one of the few accelerators in the country that operates with public resources, assisting startups from around the world. The performance of the SEED accelerator was evaluated, as well as its role in the stabilization of the companies that took part in the program, between 2013 and 2017. The main results reveal that there is a positive impact of the program on the region of Minas Gerais, which helps to strengthen the local economy and establish technological startup clusters. In addition, the program was considered to be well conceived and implemented for networking, programming and mentoring offered during the acceleration process. By contrast, we identified the difficulty of creating indicators to monitor the acceleration process.

Silvia Novaes Zilber, Guilherme Padovani, Wellington dos Reis Lucena

Chapter 10. Grassroots Movements: New Gears in the Engine of Brazilian University Entrepreneurship Ecosystems

Abstract

This chapter is about change in universities. Student-led movements supporting entrepreneurship in universities have become a well-recognized phenomenon in some European countries, such as the United Kingdom and Finland, and are known as grassroots movements due to its bottom-up nature. This chapter presents the rise of these movements in Brazil, in addition to presenting the nature of the phenomenon, international case studies, and the current literature surrounding the topic. The method used was the multiple case study and data was collected through in-depth interviews supplemented by additional documents and participant observation. Our findings bring (i) a maturity model for this kind of movement in Brazil; (ii) best practices and key success factors; and (iii) an overview of the history of these organizations in the country. For practitioners, this study contributes by showing new forms of supporting entrepreneurship inside universities.

Artur Tavares Vilas Boas Ribeiro, Guilherme Ary Plonski

Chapter 11. Cases of University Spin-Offs

Abstract

University spin-offs are the object of interest of many actors in a society, due to their potential positive impacts on regional and national competitiveness, entrepreneurial culture, diffusion of innovation, creation of skilled jobs and income. These new companies, created by entrepreneurs whose knowledge was developed at a university, are now recognized as a relevant mechanism of technology transfer, turning academic knowledge into value-added goods and services, therefore contributing to economic and social development. This chapter highlights some factors that influence the performance of university spin-off firms. We analyzed eight cases of spin-offs from engineering schools of two of the three top Brazilian academic institutions: Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo (POLI USP), and Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (COPPE UFRJ).

Claudia Pavani, Moacir de Miranda Oliveira Jr., Guilherme Ary Plonski

Backmatter

Titel: Startups and Innovation Ecosystems in Emerging Markets
herausgegeben von: Moacir de Miranda Oliveira, Jr.
Fernanda Ribeiro Cahen
Felipe Mendes Borini
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-10865-6
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10864-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10865-6