Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Fundamentals and History of ELISA: The Evolution of the Immunoassays Until Invention of ELISA Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Step by Step with ELISA: Mechanism of Operation, Crucial Elements, Different Protocols, and Insights on Immobilization and Detection of Various Biomolecular Entities

verfasst von : Samira Hosseini, Patricia Vázquez-Villegas, Marco Rito-Palomares, Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa

Erschienen in: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Current chapter describes the essential components of ELISA including the solid phase, the adsorbents (different types of target biomolecules), and the washing and blocking agents used in assay procedure. The chapter also reviews widely applied enzymes and substrates with their specific characteristics. To complete the assay, the chapter offers information regarding the stopping procedure and readout techniques such as colorimetric, fluorescence and luminescence, along with their reading instruments. To secure a high specificity, the chapter describes protocols for conducting different types of controls in the assay procedure. These controls are namely: positive, endogenous, negative, standard, and spike controls. The chapter subsequently describes available ELISA protocols including direct, indirect, sandwich, double sandwich, and competitive assays. Finally, this chapter is dedicated to reviewing immobilization techniques including physical, covalent, oriented strategies as well as immobilization via entrapment. In the case of covalent immobilization of the biomolecules, protein attachment via zero-length cross linkers and spacers (linear or branched) are described.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel General Overviews on Applications of ELISA
Nächstes Kapitel Evaluation of the Detection Results Obtained from ELISA
Literatur
1.
Hosseini S, Aeinehvand MM, Uddin SM, Benzina A, Rothan HA, Yusof R et al (2015) Microsphere integrated microfluidic disk: synergy of two techniques for rapid and ultrasensitive dengue detection. Sci Rep 5
2.
Hosseini S, Ibrahim F (2016) Application of biochips in dengue virus detection. Novel polymeric biochips for enhanced detection of infectious diseases. Springer. pp 39–47
3.
Hosseini S, Azari P, Aeinehvand MM, Rothan HA, Djordjevic I, Martinez-Chapa SO et al (2016) Intrant ELISA: a novel approach to fabrication of electrospun fiber mat-assisted biosensor platforms and their integration within standard analytical well plates. Appl Sci 6:336CrossRef
4.
Farahmand E, Ibrahim F, Hosseini S, Rothan HA, Yusof R, Koole LH et al (2015) A novel approach for application of nylon membranes in the biosensing domain. Appl Surf Sci 353:1310–1319CrossRef
5.
Hosseini S, Ibrahim F, Djordjevic I, Rothan HA, Yusof R, van der Mareld C et al (2014) Synthesis and processing of ELISA polymer substitute: the influence of surface chemistry and morphology on detection sensitivity. Appl Surf Sci 317:630–638CrossRef
6.
Hosseini S, Ibrahim F, Rothan HA, Yusof R, Cvd Marel, Djordjevic I et al (2015) Aging effect and antibody immobilization on −COOH exposed surfaces designed for dengue virus detection. Biochem Eng J 99:183–192CrossRef
7.
Hosseini S, Azari P, Farahmand E, Gan SN, Rothan HA, Yusof R et al (2015) Polymethacrylate coated electrospun PHB fibers: an exquisite outlook for fabrication of paper-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 69:257–264CrossRef
8.
Hosseini S, Ibrahim F, Djordjevic I, Rothan HA, Yusof R, Cvd Marel et al (2014) Synthesis and characterization of methacrylic microspheres for biomolecular recognition: ultrasensitive biosensor for dengue virus detection. Eur Polym J 60:14–21CrossRef
9.
Ryoichi D (2014) Precise micromolar-level glucose determination using a glucose test strip for quick and approximate millimolar-level estimation. Anal Methods 6:9509–9513CrossRef
10.
Umareddy I, Pluquet O, Wang QY, Vasudevan SG, Chevet E, Gu F (2007) Dengue virus serotype infection specifies the activation of the unfolded protein response. Virol J 4:91CrossRef
11.
Benkert A, Scheller F, Schössler W, Hentschel C, Micheel B, Behrsing O et al (2000) Development of a creatinine ELISA and an amperometric antibody-based creatinine sensor with a detection limit in the nanomolar range. Anal Chem 72:916–921CrossRef
12.
Novo P, Prazeres DMF, Chu V, Conde JP (2011) Microspot-based ELISA in microfluidics: chemiluminescence and colorimetry detection using integrated thin-film hydrogenated amorphous silicon photodiodes. Lab Chip 11:4063–4071CrossRef
13.
Zhu N, Lin Y, Yu P, Su L, Mao L (2009) Label-free and sequence-specific DNA detection down to a picomolar level with carbon nanotubes as support for probe DNA. Anal Chim Acta 650:44–48CrossRef
14.
Kannan B, Williams DE, Laslau C, Travas-Sejdic J (2012) A highly sensitive, label-free gene sensor based on a single conducting polymer nanowire. Biosens Bioelectron 35:258–264CrossRef
15.
Yu F, Persson B, Löfås S, Knoll W (2004) Surface plasmon fluorescence immunoassay of free prostate-specific antigen in human plasma at the femtomolar level. Anal Chem 76:6765–6770CrossRef
16.
Vilela P, El-Sagheer A, Millar TM, Brown T, Muskens OL, Kanaras AG (2016) Graphene oxide-upconversion nanoparticle based optical sensors for targeted detection of mRNA biomarkers present in Alzheimer’s disease and prostate cancer. ACS Sens 2:52–56CrossRef
17.
Niemeyer CM, Adler M, Wacker R (2005) Immuno-PCR: high sensitivity detection of proteins by nucleic acid amplification. Trends Biotechnol 23:208–216CrossRef
18.
Nam J-M, Thaxton CS, Mirkin CA (2003) Nanoparticle-based bio-bar codes for the ultrasensitive detection of proteins. Science 301:1884–1886CrossRef
19.
Yao B, Li J, Huang H, Sun C, Wang Z, Fan Y et al (2009) Quantitative analysis of zeptomole microRNAs based on isothermal ramification amplification. RNA 15:1787–1794CrossRef
20.
Hosseini S, Ibrahim F, Djordjevic I, Koole LH (2014) Recent advances in surface functionalization techniques on polymethacrylate materials for optical biosensor applications. Analyst 139:2933–2943CrossRef
21.
Lowe J, Bird P, Hardie D, Jefferis R, Ling N (1982) Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) to determinants on human gamma chains: properties of antibodies showing subclass restriction or subclass specificity. Immunology 47:329
22.
Vidarsson G, Dekkers G, Rispens T (2014) IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions. Front Immunol 5
23.
Cerutti ML, Centeno JM, Goldbaum FA, de Prat-Gay G (2001) Generation of sequence-specific, high affinity anti-DNA antibodies. J Biol Chem 276:12769–12773CrossRef
24.
Jung E, Lee J, Hong HJ, Park I, Lee Y (2014) RNA recognition by a human antibody against brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA. RNA 20:805–814CrossRef
25.
Wu H, Lustbader JW, Liu Y, Canfield RE, Hendrickson WA (1994) Structure of human chorionic gonadotropin at 2.6 Å resolution from MAD analysis of the selenomethionyl protein. Structure 2:545–558CrossRef
26.
Srilatha N, Murthy G (1996) Mapping of assembled epitopic regions of human chorionic gonadotropin reveals proximity of CTPα to the determinant loop ß93-100
27.
Muller YA, Chen Y, Christinger HW, Li B, Cunningham BC, Lowman HB et al (1998) VEGF and the Fab fragment of a humanized neutralizing antibody: crystal structure of the complex at 2.4 Å resolution and mutational analysis of the interface. Structure 6:1153–1167CrossRef
28.
Senger DR, Van De Water L, Brown LF, Nagy JA, Yeo K-T, Yeo T-K et al (1993) Vascular permeability factor (VPF, VEGF) in tumor biology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 12:303–324CrossRef
29.
Reis LF, Van Sluys M-A, Garratt RC, Pereira HM, Teixeira MM (2006) GMOs: building the future on the basis of past experience. An Acad Bras Ciênc 78:667–686CrossRef
30.
Gromowski GD, Barrett ND, Barrett AD (2008) Characterization of dengue virus complex-specific neutralizing epitopes on envelope protein domain III of dengue 2 virus. J Virol 82:8828–8837CrossRef
31.
Smith A, Chapman M (1997) Localization of antigenic sites on Der p 2 using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis targeted to predicted surface residues. Clin Exp Allergy 27:593–599CrossRef
32.
Burks A, Shin D, Cockrell G, Stanley JS, Helm RM, Bannon GA (1997) Mapping and mutational analysis of the IgE-binding epitopes on Ara h 1, a legume vicilin protein and a major allergen in peanut hypersensitivity. FEBS J 245:334–339
33.
Liu Z, Gurlo T, von Grafenstein H (2000) Cell-ELISA using β-galactosidase conjugated antibodies. J Immunol Methods 234:P153–P167CrossRef
34.
Voller A, Bidwell D, Bartlett A (1976) Enzyme immunoassays in diagnostic medicine: theory and practice. Bull WHO 53:55
35.
Voller A, Bartlett A, Bidwell D (1978) Enzyme immunoassays with special reference to ELISA techniques. J Clin Pathol 31:507–520CrossRef
36.
Crowther JR (2009) The ELISA guidebook. Springer. ISBN 978-1-60327-254-4
37.
Bronstein I, Edwards B, Voyta JC (1989) 1,2-Dioxetanes: novel chemiluminescent enzyme substrates. Appl Immunoass Lumin 4:99–111
38.
Hosseini S, Vázquez-Villegas P, Martínez-Chapa SO (2017) Paper and fiber-based bio-diagnostic platforms: current challenges and future needs. Appl Sci 7:863CrossRef
39.
Ahmed S, Bui M-PN, Abbas A (2016) Paper-based chemical and biological sensors: engineering aspects. Biosens Bioelectron 77:249–263CrossRef
40.
De La Rica R, Stevens MM (2013) Plasmonic ELISA for the detection of analytes at ultralow concentrations with the naked eye. Nat Protoc 8:1759CrossRef
41.
Liu Y, Wang H, Huang J, Yang J, Liu B, Yang P (2009) Microchip-based ELISA strategy for the detection of low-level disease biomarker in serum. Anal Chim Acta 650:77–82CrossRef
42.
Jonkheijm P, Weinrich D, Schroder H, Niemeyer CM, Waldmann H (2008) Chemical strategies for generating protein biochips. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:9618–9647CrossRef
43.
Goddard JM, Hotchkiss JH (2007) Polymer surface modification for the attachment of bioactive compounds. Prog Polym Sci 32:698–725CrossRef
44.
Liu Y, Li CM (2012) Advanced immobilization and amplification for high performance protein chips. Anal Lett 45:130–155CrossRef
45.
Khan AA, Alzohairy MA (2010) Recent advances and applications of immobilized enzyme technologies: A review. Res J Biol Sci 5:565–575CrossRef
46.
Rao S, Anderson K, Bachas L (1998) Oriented immobilization of proteins. Microchim Acta 128:127–143CrossRef
47.
YoungáJeong J, HyunáChung B (2008) Recent advances in immobilization methods of antibodies on solid supports. Analyst 133:697–701CrossRef
48.
Yoon J-Y, Park H-Y, Kim J-H, Kim W-S (1996) Adsorption of BSA on highly carboxylated microspheres—quantitative effects of surface functional groups and interaction forces. J Colloid Interface Sci 177:613–620CrossRef
49.
Alcon S, Talarmin A, Debruyne M, Falconar A, Deubel V, Flamand M (2002) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific to dengue virus type 1 nonstructural protein NS1 reveals circulation of the antigen in the blood during the acute phase of disease in patients experiencing primary or secondary infections. J Clin Microbiol 40:376–381CrossRef
50.
Xu H, Di B, Y-x Pan, L-w Qiu, Y-d Wang, Hao W et al (2006) Serotype 1-specific monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture immunoassay for detection of circulating nonstructural protein NS1: implications for early diagnosis and serotyping of dengue virus infections. J Clin Microbiol 44:2872–2878CrossRef
51.
Scouten WH, Luong JHT, Stephen Brown R (1995) Enzyme or protein immobilization techniques for applications in biosensor design. Trends Biotechnol 13:178–185CrossRef
52.
Reetz MT, Zonta A, Simpelkamp J (1996) Efficient immobilization of lipases by entrapment in hydrophobic sol-gel materials. Biotechnol Bioeng 49:527–534CrossRef
53.
Beckett CG, Kosasih H, Faisal I, Tan R, Widjaja S, Listiyaningsih E et al (2005) Early detection of dengue infections using cluster sampling around index cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72:777–782
54.
Foulds NC, Lowe CR (1986) Enzyme entrapment in electrically conducting polymers. Immobilisation of glucose oxidase in polypyrrole and its application in amperometric glucose sensors. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1: Phys Chem Condens Phases 82:1259–1264CrossRef
55.
Avnir D, Braun S, Lev O, Ottolenghi M (1994) Enzymes and other proteins entrapped in sol-gel materials. Chem Mater 6:1605–1614CrossRef
56.
Thomson DAC, Tee EHL, Tran NTD, Monteiro MJ, Cooper MA (2012) Oligonucleotide and polymer functionalized nanoparticles for amplification-free detection of DNA. Biomacromol 13:1981–1989CrossRef
57.
Ghasemi M, Minier MJG, Tatoulian M, Chehimi MM, Arefi-Khonsari F (2011) Ammonia plasma treated polyethylene films for adsorption or covalent immobilization of trypsin: quantitative correlation between X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data and enzyme activity. J Phys Chem B 115:10228–10238CrossRef
58.
Bai Y, Koh CG, Boreman M, Juang Y-J, Tang IC, Lee LJ et al (2006) Surface modification for enhancing antibody binding on polymer-based microfluidic device for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Langmuir 22:9458–9467CrossRef
59.
Wilchek M, Miron T (2003) Oriented versus random protein immobilization. J Biochem Bioph Methods 55:67–70CrossRef
60.
Wang C, Yan Q, Liu H-B, Zhou X-H, Xiao S-J (2011) Different EDC/NHS activation mechanisms between PAA and PMAA brushes and the following amidation reactions. Langmuir 27:12058–12068CrossRef
61.
Sam S, Touahir L, Salvador Andresa J, Allongue P, Chazalviel JN, Gouget-Laemmel AC et al (2009) Semiquantitative study of the EDC/NHS activation of acid terminal groups at modified porous silicon surfaces. Langmuir 26:809–814CrossRef
62.
Coad BR, Jasieniak M, Griesser SS, Griesser HJ (2013) Controlled covalent surface immobilisation of proteins and peptides using plasma methods. Surf Coat Technol 233:169–177CrossRef
63.
Wang Z-H, Jin G (2004) Covalent immobilization of proteins for the biosensor based on imaging ellipsometry. J Immunol Methods 285:237–243CrossRef
64.
Lu B, Smyth MR, O’Kennedy R (1996) Tutorial review. Oriented immobilization of antibodies and its applications in immunoassays and immunosensors. Analyst 121:29R–32RCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Step by Step with ELISA: Mechanism of Operation, Crucial Elements, Different Protocols, and Insights on Immobilization and Detection of Various Biomolecular Entities
verfasst von
Samira Hosseini
Patricia Vázquez-Villegas
Marco Rito-Palomares
Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Buch
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Print ISBN: 978-981-10-6765-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-6766-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6766-2_3

Neuer Inhalt

    Bildnachweise