Strategies for Environmental Risk Management: Challenges and Solutions (SERM)

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Industrial and Urban Environmental Challenges

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Climate Litigation: It’s Role in Achieving the Rule of International Environmental Law and Climate Justice

      Ali Al-Hammouri, Hamad Al Kalbani, Ja’afar Al-Ma’ani, Hamza Qanah

      Abstract

      Climate litigation is a crucial tool in the battle against climate change. It plays a major role by compelling states and enterprises to comply with international environmental laws and treaties, thereby strengthening their commitment to addressing climate issues. In addition, focusing on climate issues facilitates the establishment of international environmental law by ensuring compliance with current legislation or advocating for the creation of new legislation. This also enhances understanding of climate difficulties and the imperative for taking action. Climate litigation shows that people are turning more and more to the legal system in order to combat the climate calamity and offers a decisive way to influence the dynamics of tackling climate change. 65 institutions across the globe, including local, appellate, quasi-judicial, national, and international courts, are involved in these judicial actions.

   3. The Shift of Qatar Petroleum to QatarEnergy: A Case Study of Strategic Transformation in the Energy Sector with a Focus on Sustainability Communication

      Eiman A. Eissa

      Abstract

      This research employs a mixed-methods approach using content analysis and discourse analysis to examine the corporate identity shift of Qatar Petroleum to QatarEnergy in 2021, with a focus on its sustainability communication strategies. The content analysis defines and quantifies trends in the organization’s public messaging about sustainability. This quantitative foundation informs a discourse analysis which involves a qualitative analysis of the company’s evolving stance toward environmental responsibility. The sample consists of public domain messages about the rebranding and sustainability, published and circulated from its announcement in October 2021 to December 2023. This study aims to answer two questions: (1) How much do these communications and initiatives by QatarEnergy represent a real commitment to sustainability? (2) Which are the critical discourses that appear most in QatarEnergy’s communication on the rebranding, especially those on sustainability and environmental responsibility? The results show that QatarEnergy emphasizes renewable energy projects, carbon capture and storage, and international partnerships in its sustainability communication. The discourse analysis reveals key themes such as responsible business conduct, innovation, and collaboration, framing QatarEnergy as a proactive and comprehensive leader in the global energy transition. These findings contribute to a broader discussion on corporate sustainability communication and provide insights for organizations aiming to navigate similar transitions.

   4. The Level of Cognitive Awareness Regarding Environmental Citizenship and Its Relationship with Aesthetic Education Among Students at the Faculty of Educational and Psychological Sciences at Amman Arab University, from Their Perspective

      Khaled M. AbuSheirah, Mohammad S. Alkaramneh, Suhaila M. Banat, Saep K. Allala

      Abstract

      The objective of the research was to examine the degree of cognitive awareness regarding environmental citizenship and its relationship to aesthetic education among students enrolled in the Faculty of Educational and Psychological Sciences at Amman Arab University, as reported by the students themselves. The study implemented a descriptive survey methodology and implemented two questionnaires that were specifically devised for the purpose. The initial survey, which addressed environmental accountability, included 13 questions. The subsequent survey, which focused on aesthetic education, contained 12 questions. These instruments were distributed to a randomly selected group of 257 students. The findings indicated that pupils exhibited a high degree of cognitive awareness in relation to aesthetic education and environmental responsibility. Additionally, the analysis demonstrated that the average levels of cognitive awareness regarding environmental responsibility and aesthetic education did not exhibit any statistically significant variations when factors such as gender, academic program, and cumulative GPA were taken into account. Additionally, the investigation identified a statistically significant positive correlation between the cognitive comprehension of social responsibility and the students’ awareness of aesthetic education.

   5. The Legal System for Resolving Disputes Arising from the Environment and Its Risks, Through Judiciary and Arbitration, a Comparative Study

      Mohammed Abdul Khaliq Al-Zoubi

      Abstract

      The contemporary environment faces increasing challenges that require an effective legal framework to resolve the disputes arising from them. This research addresses the legal system for resolving environmental disputes and their risks through a comparative study between the judiciary and arbitration. The research purpose is to evaluate the legal tools available for resolving environmental disputes, focusing on the differences between judicial and arbitration procedures in this context. The study contains an analysis of environmental laws and legislation in different countries a review of practical cases for resolving environmental disputes, and an evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of both the judiciary and arbitration in achieving environmental justice. Also, the research gives recommendations for improving the legal system for resolving environmental disputes and promoting environmental sustainability, which enhances the ability of societies to deal with environmental challenges more effectively.

   6. The International Liability for Using the Internationally Banned Weapons Causing Severe Damages on the Environment and the Human

      Rola Salameh, Ibtisam Al-Saleh

      Abstract

      This study aimed to reveal the international liability resulting from violating the international agreements, which is Jordan is considered as one of the countries joining it which banned the use of weapons causing fatal damages destroying the environment in its all components (air, water, and soil), and threatening the human life, causing physical distortions and genetic distortions very risky. This study depends on the descriptive analytical research method through describing the study problem, analyzing the legal text for the international agreements using the comparative method when it is necessary to benefit from the international court’s decisions relating to the international liabilities when using this kind of weapons, ending with conclusions to enrich and benefit the topic of the present study. The topic of the study will be addressed through showing what are the internationally banned weapons, the agreements organizing them which restricts or banned their manufacturing, storing, and using them even against the enemy and the international liability resulting from violating them, and role of the countries accredited them, and the international society in presenting this liability in front of the international courts, compensations for the damage caused by using kind of weapons in case of approving the countries liabilities for using such weapons. The study reached that the reason for banned the un-traditional weapons in the armed conflicts due to its severe nature and catastrophic effects.

   7. Environmental Risk Management: The Legal Response to Environmental Threat

      Wafa Abu Huwaij, Nidaa Kadhim Hussein

      Abstract

      This research shall seek to explain various fields related to environmental concerns and the social, economic, and political impacts of the results of scientific research. It also aims to assess national and international attempts to counter these outcomes. This is done through legal research on the rules of international legal responsibilities and evaluation of legal systems at the national and international levels arising from environmental law. The study also reveals the level of efficiency of these mechanisms as mandatory ones aimed at solving the outcomes of scientific ecological investigations.

2. Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Legislative and Institutional Framework’s Role in Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development Goals in Jordan and Oman: A Comparative Study

      Ali Al-Hammouri, Mohammad Al Makhmari, Hamad Al Kalbani, Abdulaziz Almamari, Ruba Hmaidan

      Abstract

      The legislative and institutional framework is crucial for environmental protection and the attainment of sustainable development goals in Jordan and Oman. In Jordan, papers reveal that the lack of a robust legislative and institutional framework ensuring environmental human rights in the Constitution constitutes a primary obstacle to attaining sustainable development goals. The organization of well-informed campaigns by civil society and societal actors, grounded on an alternative vision, is crucial for effecting genuine change. Simultaneously, the Sultanate of Oman developed a definitive institutional and operational structure to attain the sustainable development goals. A national committee was established under the leadership of the Minister of Planning and International Cooperation to coordinate national initiatives. The Sultanate’s national plans and strategies also incorporated sustainable development goals. Consequently, it is evident that a robust and supporting legislative and institutional framework is essential for environmental protection and the attainment of sustainable development goals. In what aspects the Sultanate of Oman surpasses Jordan according to the information in the available sources.

   3. The Importance of the School in Spreading Environmental Awareness Among Students and the Possibility of Developing This Role in the Kurdistan Region/Iraq

      Eman Bahnam Abou

      Abstract

      The importance of schools in spreading environmental awareness among middle school students in the Kurdistan Region, the challenges they face, and strategies to overcome these challenges. Schools play a crucial role in spreading environmental awareness among middle school students by integrating environmental education into the curriculum. By including topics such as climate change, biodiversity, and sustainable practices in different subjects, students learn about the importance of environmental conservation from an early age. Environmental awareness has become a crucial aspect of education in the modern world, with schools playing a vital role in shaping students’ environmental awareness and preparing them to become responsible stewards of the planet. By integrating environmental education into the curriculum, organizing extracurricular activities, and partnering with environmental organizations, schools can effectively spread awareness about environmental issues. However, schools in the Kurdistan Region face various challenges in promoting environmental awareness, including limited resources, lack of teacher training, and cultural barriers. To address these challenges and promote environmental awareness among school students, strategies such as implementing hands-on projects, organizing field trips, and engaging students in community initiatives should be implemented effectively. Conduct environmental trips, tree planting initiatives, and recycling programs to promote environmental awareness among students. These activities not only educate students about environmental issues, but also encourage them to take action in their daily lives. Furthermore, partnerships with environmental organizations can provide schools with resources, expertise, and educational initiatives to promote environmental awareness. Collaborations with NGOs, government agencies, and local environmental groups can bring real-world experiences and practical solutions into the classroom, enriching students’ understanding of environmental issues. It also proposes the development of special curricula for environmental education and the creation of teachers in this specialization, as well as seminars and practical training for all levels of education in the environmental field.

   4. The Role of Administrative Courts in Reducing Environmental Pollution: Toward Achieving Environmental Justice by Confronting Environmental Encroachment

      Lana AL-Khalaileh, Tareq Al-Billeh

      Abstract

      Administrative courts in various countries of the world play a major role in protecting environmental pollution by achieving environmental justice. This study aims to explain the mechanism of applying environmental laws to every person who causes harm to the environment. Administrative courts consider lawsuits related to environmental pollution and take the necessary legal measures to prevent infringement on the environment, in addition to stating the administrative penalties specified in environmental laws that these courts can impose on people who infringe on the environment. The problem of the study lies in the role of administrative courts in finding a kind of balance between preserving the environment and developing economic activities to achieve sustainable development. In this study, the analytical approach was followed by analyzing the legal texts related to environmental aggression and the texts that allow administrative courts to impose administrative penalties. At the end of the study, a set of results and recommendations were reached, the most important of which is considering administrative courts as a place to resolve disputes related to the environment, with the need for the competent authorities to commit to implementing environmental laws, and the need to strengthen the role of these courts in combating environmental pollution by increasing their powers to monitor environmental attacks and impose administrative penalties on violators.

   5. Integration Between Sustainable Innovation and Quality 4.0 and Its Impact on Reducing the Risks of Electronic Pollution: A Study in Iraqi Companies

      Mohammed I Mohammed, Amer R Dhyeab, Nazima A Rahim

      Abstract

      Theoretical Framework The study highlights the integrative relationship between sustainable innovation and Quality 4.0 and its impact on reducing the risk of electronic pollution by a study conducted in Iraqi companies. Based on the available data and information, this topic has not been previously addressed by other researchers to the best of the researchers’ knowledge. Design/Methodology/Approach The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to present and measure the extents of sustainable innovation, Quality 4.0, and electronic pollution separately, using a questionnaire for data collection. The data was analyzed using SPSS software to extract statistical data and MATLAB software to reveal the integration relationship. After interpreting the results, an integration rate of 77% was achieved between sustainable innovation and Quality 4.0, demonstrating its effect on electronic pollution. The study was applied to both public and private productive and service sectors in Iraq, involving a sample of 200 experts and engineers from different fields within these companies. Findings Achieving integration between sustainable innovation and Quality 4.0 in Iraqi companies contributes to reducing the risks of electronic pollution by using techniques for recycling electronic waste and incorporating environmentally friendly materials in manufacturing. Practical and Social Implications The study contributes to raising social awareness about the dangers of electronic pollution and the necessity of sustainability, as well as ways to employ innovation and quality in combating it. Originality/Value The research provides practical solutions for Iraqi companies to face the challenges of electronic pollution, thereby contributing to improving the local environment. It also focuses on enhancing operational and environmental efficiency by integrating Quality 4.0 and sustainable innovation.

   6. The Impact of the Displacement of Sudanese on Forests and Agricultural Lands in Eastern Chad

      Sabre Idriss Absakine

      Abstract

      The article emphasizes the need for livelihood projects in Chad to address displacement issues caused by uncontrolled use of natural resources, leading to degradation and high costs for the population, including over 1.4 million Sudanese displaced. The study assesses the livelihoods of new Sudanese settlers in eastern Chad, focusing on women and children, over 35 years. Land degradation and reduced productivity due to increased livestock and fighting between rebel groups and the government are highlighted. The research also emphasizes women’s role in sustainable development. This study highlights the importance of minimizing negative associations with local communities in refugee camps. Refugees often return to areas surrounding the camps to fulfill basic livelihood requirements, such as electricity, charcoal, and animal fodder. However, these associations generate interest in access, production, and distribution, potentially supporting community-led activities but potentially leading to displacement. Refugees have limited capacity to destroy resources, as most forest and agricultural activities are already exploitation-driven. The study suggests that factors like natural resource limitations are not responsible for displacement but rather humanitarian aid, land allocation, and individual economic status. The study explores Sudan’s agricultural land-use choices, revealing palm cultivation as a favored method for reducing food crises. However, long-term refugee presence negatively impacts economic outcomes and causes food insecurity. Future research should focus on monitoring refugee activities. Leach suggests linking humanitarian aid with natural resource use policies, incorporating emergency relief for refugees into long-term strategies, considering cultural factors, and promoting home-garden cultivation for camp management. She also suggests incorporating refugee and host land rights for common resources and promoting national policy frameworks for community-based resource management.

   7. The Extent to Which the State of Kuwait Follows the Internationally Approved Sustainable Environmental School Standards in All Its Educational Buildings

      Yousef M. SH. Alshatti

      Abstract

      The current study aimed to monitor the extent to which the State of Kuwait follows the internationally approved sustainable environmental school standards in all its educational buildings. The study sample consisted of (400) male and female teachers. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher built a scale consisting of (18) items, and the validity and reliability of the tool was confirmed. The results of the study showed that the degree to which the State of Kuwait followed the standards of sustainable environmental schools in all its educational buildings was moderate, which means the need for more efforts to develop them, as Paragraph 3 stated, “Does your school contribute to increasing the green spaces within it by greening the school garden and the backyard?” “For the school to grow plants that produce crops and decorate the school” ranked first with the highest arithmetic average, while Paragraph 1, which states “Is your school designed to use alternative energy by replacing it with solar panels to operate it?” ranked last with the lowest arithmetic average.