Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Population and Environment
Erschienen in: Population and Environment 3/2016

04.09.2015 | Original Paper

Structure and agency in development-induced forced migration: the case of Brazil’s Belo Monte Dam

verfasst von: Heather Randell

Erschienen in: Population and Environment | Ausgabe 3/2016

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This paper examines how structure and agency interact to shape forced migration outcomes. Specifically, I ask how structural factors such as compensation policies as well as social, financial, and human capital may either foster or constrain migration aspirations and capabilities. I use longitudinal, semi-structured interview data to study forced migration among farmers displaced by the Belo Monte Dam in the Brazilian Amazon. Results from baseline interviews indicate that nearly all community members aspired to purchase rural land in the region and maintain livelihoods as cacao farmers or cattle ranchers. Constraints limiting the ability to attain aspirations included strict requirements on land titles for properties, delays in receiving compensation, rising land prices, and the lack of power to negotiate for better compensation. Despite these constraints, most migrants succeeded in attaining aspirations, as they were able to mobilize resources such as social networks, financial capital, skills, and knowledge. These findings highlight the importance of considering the relationship between structure and agency within forced migration research. I conclude by discussing how the findings may inform resettlement policies for future cases of development- or environment-induced forced migration.
Nächster Artikel (Un)natural disaster: vulnerability, long-distance displacement, and the extended geography of neighborhood distress and attainment after Katrina

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Fußnoten
1
The concepts of social, human, and financial capital are central within sociology. While these are useful concepts for understanding the ways in which access to resources is associated with inequality and various life outcomes, it is important to note that the concepts have been criticized for key weaknesses, including being too conceptually broad or overly simplistic (Bowles and Gintis 1975; Fine 2003).
 
2
The locations of households are approximated in order to protect the privacy of respondents.
 
3
The 2012 Brazilian real–US dollar exchange rate was approximately 2:1. The median price paid by surveyed households who used their compensation to purchase rural property was R$190,000 and the median property size was 100 hectares.
 
4
The median price per hectare paid for land among surveyed households who used their compensation to buy rural property was R$1757, ranging from R$115 to R$10,000. In addition, some properties had high soil quality suitable for growing cacao and other valuable crops, while other properties had low soil quality that could only be used for pasture.
 
5
I define a household as a group of individuals (often relatives) who live together and share resources. This correlates with the definition used in the resettlement program, though in some cases the sons of property owners received separate credit payments in addition to their parents’ compensation even if they lived in the same house.
 
6
Baseline median land ownership was 45 hectares (ranging from 0 to 600 hectares); median total monthly household income was R$1704 (ranging from R$494 to R$11,008); and the median year the household head migrated to the study area was 1981 (ranging from 1952 to 2003). Five of the household heads were born in the study area.
 
7
Seven of the early mover households had migrated prior to the time that baseline household surveys were implemented. For these households, we conducted surveys at the same time as the interviews. The data collected in the household survey referred to their pre-migration conditions.
 
8
This study was not designed to examine intra-household power dynamics, though differences in opinion between the male and female household head did emerge in two of the interviews.
 
9
Brazil’s Ministério Público is an autonomous body of prosecutors at the federal and state levels whose purpose is to monitor compliance with laws that defend the national heritage as well as social and individual interests, regulate police activity, foster public criminal proceedings, and expedite the provision of public services (Governo do Brasil 2010).
 
Literatur
Adhikari, P. (2013). Conflict-induced displacement, understanding the causes of flight. American Journal of Political Science, 57(1), 82–89.CrossRef
Alonso, S., & Castro, E. (2005). The process of transformation of rural areas into urban areas in Altamira and its representation. In Small and medium size cities. Lima: Instituto del Bien Comun.
Alves, S. A., Nascimento, A. C., & Mesquita, H. A. (2009). Movimento dos Atingidos Por Barragens (MAB): Resistência popular e a construção de um novo modelo energético para o Brasil. Revista Estudos Amazônidas: Fronteiras e Territórios, 1(1), 635–650.
Asad, A. L. (2015). Contexts of reception, post-disaster migration, and socioeconomic mobility. Population and Environment, 36, 279–310.CrossRef
Bakewell, O. (2010). Some reflections on structure and agency in migration theory. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1689–1708.CrossRef
Becker, G. S. (2009). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Black, R., Adger, W. N., Arnell, N. W., Dercon, S., Geddes, A., & Thomas, D. (2011). The effect of environmental change on human migration. Global Environmental Change, 21, S3–S11.CrossRef
Bourdieu, P. (1986/2011). The forms of capital. In I. Szeman & T. Kaposy (Eds.), Cultural theory: An anthology (pp. 81–93). Sussex: Wiley.
Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (1975). The problem with human capital theory—A Marxian critique. The American Economic Review, 65(2), 74–82.
Browder, J. O., & Godfrey, B. J. (1990). Frontier urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon: A theoretical framework for urban transition. In Yearbook. Conference of Latin Americanist geographers, pp. 56–66.
Browder, J. O., & Godfrey, B. J. (1997). Rainforest cities: Urbanization, development, and globalization of the Brazilian Amazon. New York: Columbia University Press.
Carling, J. (2002). Migration in the age of involuntary immobility: Theoretical reflections and Cape Verdean experiences. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28(1), 5–42.CrossRef
Carr, E. R. (2005). Placing the environment in migration: Environment, economy, and power in Ghana’s central Region. Environment and Planning, 37(5), 925–946.CrossRef
Castles, S. (2003). Towards a sociology of forced migration and social transformation. Sociology, 37(1), 13–34.CrossRef
Cernea, M. M., & Mathur, H. M. (Eds.). (2008). Can compensation prevent impoverishment? Reforming resettlement through investments and benefit-sharing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chan, K. W. (2010). The household registration system and migrant labor in China: Notes on a debate. Population and Development Review, 36(2), 357–364.CrossRef
Chatty, D., & Marfleet, P. (2013). Conceptual problems in forced migration. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 32(2), 1–13.CrossRef
Conway, D. (2007). Caribbean transnational migration behaviour: Reconceptualising its ‘strategic flexibility’. Population, Space and Place, 13(6), 415–431.CrossRef
Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Meisner, C., Wheeler, D., & Yan, J. (2009). The impact of sea level rise on developing countries: A comparative analysis. Climatic Change, 93(3–4), 379–388.CrossRef
de Haas, H. (2009). Mobility and human development. Human development research paper (HDRP) series, Vol. 1. UNDP.
de Haas, H. (2010). Migration transitions: A theoretical and empirical inquiry into the developmental drivers of international migration. In International Migration Institute working paper, Vol. 24, p. 46.
Deléchat, C. (2001). International migration dynamics: The role of experience and social networks. Labour, 15(3), 457–486.CrossRef
Downing, T. E. (2002). Avoiding new poverty: Mining-induced displacement and resettlement. Minerals and Sustainable Development: Mining. 58.
Eletrobrás. (2009). Rima Relatório de Impacto Ambiental Aproveitamento Hidrelétrico Belo Monte. Brasilia.
Elliott, J. R., Haney, T. J., & Sams-Abiodun, P. (2010). Limits to social capital: Comparing network assistance in two New Orleans neighborhoods devastated by Hurricane Katrina. The Sociological Quarterly, 51(4), 624–648.CrossRef
Fearnside, P. M. (1984). Brazil’s Amazon settlement schemes: Conflicting objectives and human carrying capacity. Habitat International, 8(1), 45–61.CrossRef
Fearnside, P. M. (2006). Dams in the Amazon: Belo Monte and Brazil’s hydroelectric development of the Xingu river basin. Environmental Management, 38(1), 16–27.CrossRef
Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2008). Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 80–92.
Findlay, A. M., & Li, F. (1999). Methodological issues in researching migration. The Professional Geographer, 51(1), 50–59.CrossRef
Fine, B. (2003). Social capital: The World Bank’s fungible friend. Journal of Agrarian Change, 3(4), 586–603.CrossRef
Fussell, E., Sastry, N., & VanLandingham, M. (2010). Race, socioeconomic status, and return migration to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. Population and Environment, 31(1–3), 20–42.CrossRef
Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Goss, J., & Lindquist, B. (1995). Conceptualizing international labor migration: A structuration perspective. International Migration Review, 29(2), 317–351.CrossRef
Gray, C., Frankenberg, E., Gillespie, T., Sumantri, C., & Thomas, D. (2014). Studying displacement after a disaster using large-scale survey methods: Sumatra After the 2004 tsunami. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 104(3), 594–612.CrossRef
Gray, C., & Mueller, V. (2012). Natural disasters and population mobility in Bangladesh. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(16), 6000–6005.CrossRef
Groen, J. A., & Polivka, A. E. (2010). Going home after Hurricane Katrina: Determinants of return migration and changes in affected areas. Demography, 47(4), 821–844.CrossRef
Hugo, G. (1996). Environmental concerns and international migration. International Migration Review, 30(1), 105–131.CrossRef
Hunter, L. M. (2005). Migration and environmental hazards. Population and Environment, 26(4), 273–302.CrossRef
Hunter, L. M., Luna, J. K., & Norton, R. M. (2015). Environmental dimensions of migration. Annual Review of Sociology, 41, 377–397.CrossRef
Hwang, S.-S., Cao, Y., & Xi, J. (2011). The short-term impact of involuntary migration in China’s Three Gorges: A prospective study. Social Indicators Research, 101(1), 73–92.CrossRef
ICEM. (2010). MRC strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of hydropower on the Mekong mainstream: Summary of the final report, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Lubkemann, S. (2004). Situating migration in wartime and post-war Mozambique: A critique of ‘forced migration’ research. In S. Szreter & A. Dharmalingam (Eds.), Categories and contexts: Anthropological and historical studies in critical demography (pp. 371–400). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
Massey, D. S. (1986). The social organization of Mexican migration to the United States. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 487, 102–113.CrossRef
Massey, D. S. (1999). International migration at the dawn of the twenty-first century: The role of the state. Population and Development Review, 25(2), 303–322.CrossRef
Massey, D. S., & Espana, F. G. (1987). The social process of international migration. Science, 237(4816), 733–738.CrossRef
Ministério de Minas e Energia. (2012). Plano Decenal de Expansão De Energia 2021. Brasília.
Moran, E. F. (1990). Private and public colonization schemes in Amazonia. In D. Goodman & A. Hall (Eds.), The future of Amazonia: Destruction or sustainable development? (pp. 70–89). New York: St. Martin’s Press.CrossRef
Norte Energia, S. A. (2010). Projeto Básico Ambiental da Usina Hidrelétrica Belo Monte.
Ozório de Almeida, A. L., & Campari, J. S. (1995). Sustainable settlement in the Brazilian Amazon. New York: Oxford University Press.
Partridge, W. L. (1993). Successful involuntary resettlement: Lessons from the Costa Rican Arenal hydroelectric plant. In M. M. Cernea & S. E. Guggenheim (Eds.), Anthropological approaches to resettlement: Policy, practice, and theory (pp. 351–374). Boulder: Westview Press.
Perz, S. G. (2002). Population growth and net migration in the Brazilian Legal Amazon, 1970–1996. In C. H. Wood & R. Porro (Eds.), Deforestation and land use in the Amazon (pp. 107–129). Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Randell, H. F., & VanWey, L. K. (2014). Networks versus need: Drivers of urban out-migration in the Brazilian Amazon. Population Research and Policy Review, 33(6), 915–936.CrossRef
Richmond, A. H. (1988). Sociological theories of international migration: The case of refugees. Current Sociology, 36(2), 7–25.CrossRef
Ruiz, I., & Vargas-Silva, C. (2013). The economics of forced migration. Journal of Development Studies, 49(6), 772–784.CrossRef
Scudder, T. (2005). The Future of large dams: Dealing with social, environmental, institutional and political costs. London: Earthscan/James & James.
Sewell, W. H. (1992). A theory of structure: Duality, agency, and transformation. American Journal of Sociology, 98(1), 1–29.CrossRef
Stark, O., & Bloom, D. E. (1985). The new economics of labour migration. American Economic Review, 75(1), 191–196.
Stark, O., & Lucas, R. E. B. (1988). Migration, remittances, and the family. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 36(3), 465–481.CrossRef
Taylor, J. E., & Martin, P. L. (2001). Human capital: Migration and rural population change. In B. Gardner & G. Rausser (Eds.), Handbook of Agricultural Economics (Vol. 1, pp. 457–511). New York: Elsevier.
Todaro, M. P. (1969). A model of labor migration and urban unemployment in less developed countries. The American Economic Review, 59(1), 138–148.
Todaro, M. (1980). Internal migration in developing countries: A survey. In R. A. Easterlin (Ed.), Population and economic change in developing countries (pp. 361–402). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Turton, D. (2003). Conceptualising forced migration. University of Oxford: RSC working paper, p. 12.
Umbuzeiro, A., & Umbuzeiro, U. (2012). Altamira e sua História. Belém, Pará: Ponto Press Ltda.
VanWey, L. K., D’Antona, A. O., & Brondizio, E. S. (2007). Household demographic change and land use/land cover change in the Brazilian Amazon. Population and Environment, 28(3), 163–185.CrossRef
Winters, P., De Janvry, A., & Sadoulet, E. (2001). Family and community networks in Mexico-US migration. Journal of Human Resources, 36(1), 159–184.CrossRef
World Commission on Dams. (2000). Dams and development: A new framework for decision making. London: World Commission on Dams.
Yoder, M. L., & Fuguitt, G. (1979). Urbanization, frontier growth, and population redistribution in Brazil. Luso-Brazilian Review, 16(1), 67–90.
Zhouri, A., & Oliveira, R. (2007). Desenvolvimento, conflitos sociais e violência no Brasil rural: O case das usinas hidrelétricas. Ambiente & Sociedade, 10(2), 119–135.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Structure and agency in development-induced forced migration: the case of Brazil’s Belo Monte Dam
verfasst von
Heather Randell
Publikationsdatum
04.09.2015
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Population and Environment / Ausgabe 3/2016
Print ISSN: 0199-0039
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7810
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-015-0245-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2016

Population and Environment 3/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Original Paper

(Un)natural disaster: vulnerability, long-distance displacement, and the extended geography of neighborhood distress and attainment after Katrina

Original Paper

Residential exposure to air toxics is linked to lower grade point averages among school children in El Paso, Texas, USA

Original Paper

At the margins: agriculture, subsidies and the shifting fate of North America’s native grassland

Original Paper

Marine protected areas and children’s dietary diversity in the Philippines