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Erschienen in:
2005 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
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Erschienen in: Tunnelling and Tunnel Mechanics
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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The lining of a tunnel is never loaded by the stress which initially prevailed in the ground. Luckily, the initial (or primary) stress is reduced by deformation of the ground that occurs during excavation but also after installation of the lining (here ‘lining’ is understood as the shell of shotcrete, which is placed as soon as possible after excavation). Here we shall consider the important phenomenon that deformation of the ground (soil or rock) implies a reduction of the primary stress. This is a manifestation of
arching
. Since the deformation of the ground is connected with the deformation of the lining, it follows that the load acting upon the lining depends on its own deformation. This is always the case with soil-structure interaction and constitutes an inherent difficulty for design as the load is not an independent variable. Thus, the question is not ‘which is the pressure acting upon the lining’, but rather ‘which is the relation between pressure and deformation’.