Skip to main content
Erschienen in:

01.05.2019 | REVIEW PAPER

Suspension polymerization technique: parameters affecting polymer properties and application in oxidation reactions

verfasst von: Vasu Chaudhary, Sweta Sharma

Erschienen in: Journal of Polymer Research | Ausgabe 5/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Various heterogeneous polymerization techniques such as suspension, emulsion, dispersion, precipitation and seeded are employed for the synthesis of a wide variety of porous polymer particles. In present review, suspension polymerization technique is highlighted in detail with control of particle size, advantages and its applications. The aim of the review is to understand the basics of suspension polymerization for the synthesis of polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene copolymer. Also, the effect of various synthesis parameters (agitation speed, temperature, initiator, cross-linker and diluent) on particle surface morphology, particle size and distribution, surface area and cross-linking density was reviewed and their application as catalyst support for various oxidation reactions.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Gokmen MT, Prez FED (2012) Porous polymer particles—A comprehensive guide to synthesis, characterization, functionalization and applications. Prog Polym Sci 37:365–405 Gokmen MT, Prez FED (2012) Porous polymer particles—A comprehensive guide to synthesis, characterization, functionalization and applications. Prog Polym Sci 37:365–405
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Prasath RA, Gokmen MT, Espeel P, Prez FED (2010) Thiol-ene and thiol-yne chemistry in microfluidics: a straightforward method towards macroporous and nonporous functional polymer beads. Polym Chem 1:685 Prasath RA, Gokmen MT, Espeel P, Prez FED (2010) Thiol-ene and thiol-yne chemistry in microfluidics: a straightforward method towards macroporous and nonporous functional polymer beads. Polym Chem 1:685
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Qi S, Zhifeng D, Xiangju M, Shou XF (2015). Chem Soc Rev 44:6018 Qi S, Zhifeng D, Xiangju M, Shou XF (2015). Chem Soc Rev 44:6018
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Dowding PJ, Goodwin JW, Vincent B (1998) The characterization of porous styrene–glycidyl methacrylate copolymer beads prepared by suspension polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 145:263–270 Dowding PJ, Goodwin JW, Vincent B (1998) The characterization of porous styrene–glycidyl methacrylate copolymer beads prepared by suspension polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 145:263–270
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Heydarpoor S, Abbasi F, Jalili K, Najafpour M (2015) Synthesis of core-shell PS/PMMA expandable particles via seeded suspension polymerization. J Polym Res 22:151 Heydarpoor S, Abbasi F, Jalili K, Najafpour M (2015) Synthesis of core-shell PS/PMMA expandable particles via seeded suspension polymerization. J Polym Res 22:151
6.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Aassar MR, Soliman EA, Hashem AI, sun G, Amaly N (2017) Preparation and characterization of poly (styrene-co-Methacrylic acid) copolymer nanoparticles via precipitation polymerization. J Polym Res 24:207 El-Aassar MR, Soliman EA, Hashem AI, sun G, Amaly N (2017) Preparation and characterization of poly (styrene-co-Methacrylic acid) copolymer nanoparticles via precipitation polymerization. J Polym Res 24:207
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Arshady R (1992) Suspension, emulsion, and dispersion polymerization: a methodological survey. Colloid Polym Sci 270:717–732 Arshady R (1992) Suspension, emulsion, and dispersion polymerization: a methodological survey. Colloid Polym Sci 270:717–732
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Tomovska R, Cal JC, Asua JM (2014). Wiley, New York, pp 59 Tomovska R, Cal JC, Asua JM (2014). Wiley, New York, pp 59
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Lima EV, Wood PE, Hamielec A (1997) An updated review on suspension polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 36:939–965 Lima EV, Wood PE, Hamielec A (1997) An updated review on suspension polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 36:939–965
10.
Zurück zum Zitat McNamara CA, Dixon MJ, Bradley M (2002) recoverable catalysts and reagents using recyclable polystyrene-based supports. Chem Rev 102:3275–3300PubMed McNamara CA, Dixon MJ, Bradley M (2002) recoverable catalysts and reagents using recyclable polystyrene-based supports. Chem Rev 102:3275–3300PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Hosseinzadeh S, Saadat Y, Abdolbaghi S, Taromi FA, Hosseinzadeh A (2014) Shape of the particles produced by seeded dispersion polymerization of styrene. Collod J 76:104–112 Hosseinzadeh S, Saadat Y, Abdolbaghi S, Taromi FA, Hosseinzadeh A (2014) Shape of the particles produced by seeded dispersion polymerization of styrene. Collod J 76:104–112
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JW, Suh K (2008) Monodisperse polymer particles synthesized by seeded polymerization techniques. J Ind Eng Chem 14:1–9 Kim JW, Suh K (2008) Monodisperse polymer particles synthesized by seeded polymerization techniques. J Ind Eng Chem 14:1–9
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JW, Suh K (2000) Monodisperse micron-sized polystyrene particles by seeded polymerization: effect of seed crosslinking on monomer swelling and particle morphology. Polymer 41:6181–6188 Kim JW, Suh K (2000) Monodisperse micron-sized polystyrene particles by seeded polymerization: effect of seed crosslinking on monomer swelling and particle morphology. Polymer 41:6181–6188
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee K, Wi H (2010) Highly crosslinked micron-sized, monodispersed polystyrene particles by batch dispersion polymerization, Part 1: Batch, delayed addition, and seeded batch processes. J Appl Polym Sci 115:297–307 Lee K, Wi H (2010) Highly crosslinked micron-sized, monodispersed polystyrene particles by batch dispersion polymerization, Part 1: Batch, delayed addition, and seeded batch processes. J Appl Polym Sci 115:297–307
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Qi Z, Han Y, Wang W, Song T, Chang J (2010). J Colloid Interface Sci 342:62 Qi Z, Han Y, Wang W, Song T, Chang J (2010). J Colloid Interface Sci 342:62
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JW, Ryu J, Suh K (2001) Monodisperse micron-sized macroporous poly(styrene- co -divinylbenzene) particles by seeded polymerization. Collod Polym Sci 279:146–152 Kim JW, Ryu J, Suh K (2001) Monodisperse micron-sized macroporous poly(styrene- co -divinylbenzene) particles by seeded polymerization. Collod Polym Sci 279:146–152
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Siddiqui MN, Redhwi HH, Vakalopoulou E, Tsagkalias I, Ioannidou MD, Achilias DS (2015) Synthesis, characterization and reaction kinetics of PMMA/silver nanocomposites prepared via in situ radical polymerization. Eur Polym J 72:256–269 Siddiqui MN, Redhwi HH, Vakalopoulou E, Tsagkalias I, Ioannidou MD, Achilias DS (2015) Synthesis, characterization and reaction kinetics of PMMA/silver nanocomposites prepared via in situ radical polymerization. Eur Polym J 72:256–269
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Meouche W, Laatikainen K, Margaillan A, Silvonen T, Siren H, Sainio T, Beurroies I, Denoyel R, Branger C (2017) Effect of porogen solvent on the properties of nickel ion imprinted polymer materials prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. Eur Polym J 87:124–135 Meouche W, Laatikainen K, Margaillan A, Silvonen T, Siren H, Sainio T, Beurroies I, Denoyel R, Branger C (2017) Effect of porogen solvent on the properties of nickel ion imprinted polymer materials prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. Eur Polym J 87:124–135
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Ballard N, Aguirre M, Simula A, Leiza JR, Es S, Asua JM (2017) Nitroxide mediated suspension polymerization of methacrylic monomers. Chem Eng J 316:655–662 Ballard N, Aguirre M, Simula A, Leiza JR, Es S, Asua JM (2017) Nitroxide mediated suspension polymerization of methacrylic monomers. Chem Eng J 316:655–662
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Asua JM (2018) Ostwald ripening of reactive costabilizers in miniemulsion polymerization. Eur Polym J 106:30–41 Asua JM (2018) Ostwald ripening of reactive costabilizers in miniemulsion polymerization. Eur Polym J 106:30–41
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt BVKJ, Molinari V, Esposito D, Tauer K, Antonietti M (2017) Lignin-based polymeric surfactants for emulsion polymerization. Polymer 112:418–426 Schmidt BVKJ, Molinari V, Esposito D, Tauer K, Antonietti M (2017) Lignin-based polymeric surfactants for emulsion polymerization. Polymer 112:418–426
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Sudjaipraparat N, Kaewsaneha C, Nuasaen S, Tangboriboonrat P (2017) One-pot synthesis of non-spherical hollow latex polymeric particles via seeded emulsion polymerization. Polymer 121:165–172 Sudjaipraparat N, Kaewsaneha C, Nuasaen S, Tangboriboonrat P (2017) One-pot synthesis of non-spherical hollow latex polymeric particles via seeded emulsion polymerization. Polymer 121:165–172
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Silverstein MS (2017) Emulsion-templated polymers: Contemporary contemplations. Polymer 126:261–282 Silverstein MS (2017) Emulsion-templated polymers: Contemporary contemplations. Polymer 126:261–282
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Cordoba CA, Collins SE, Passeggi Jr MCG, Vaillard SE, Gugliotta LM, Minari RJ (2018) Crosslinkable acrylic-melamine latex produced by miniemulsion polymerization. Prog Org Coat 118:82–90 Cordoba CA, Collins SE, Passeggi Jr MCG, Vaillard SE, Gugliotta LM, Minari RJ (2018) Crosslinkable acrylic-melamine latex produced by miniemulsion polymerization. Prog Org Coat 118:82–90
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamamoto T, Kawaguchi K, Takahashi Y (2016) Particle size control in the soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene by an oil-soluble initiator with a weakly acidic water-soluble initiator. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 502:1–5 Yamamoto T, Kawaguchi K, Takahashi Y (2016) Particle size control in the soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene by an oil-soluble initiator with a weakly acidic water-soluble initiator. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 502:1–5
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Oliveira PF, Machado RAF, Barth D, Acosta ED (2016) Dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide using vinyl terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane). Chem Eng Process 103:46–52 Oliveira PF, Machado RAF, Barth D, Acosta ED (2016) Dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide using vinyl terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane). Chem Eng Process 103:46–52
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen R, Ren N, Jin X, Zhu X (2018) Stabilization capacity of PNIPAM microgels as particulate stabilizer in dispersion polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 538:789–794 Chen R, Ren N, Jin X, Zhu X (2018) Stabilization capacity of PNIPAM microgels as particulate stabilizer in dispersion polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 538:789–794
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang W, Hutchinson RA (2017) The influence of adding functionality to dispersant and particle core compositions in non-aqueous dispersion polymerization. React Funct Polym 114:31–37 Yang W, Hutchinson RA (2017) The influence of adding functionality to dispersant and particle core compositions in non-aqueous dispersion polymerization. React Funct Polym 114:31–37
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Tan J, Li C, Dan S, Li H, Gu J, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhang Q (2016). Chem Eng J 304:461 Tan J, Li C, Dan S, Li H, Gu J, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhang Q (2016). Chem Eng J 304:461
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang X, Shen L, An Z (2018) Dispersion polymerization in environmentally benign solvents via reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 83:1–27 Wang X, Shen L, An Z (2018) Dispersion polymerization in environmentally benign solvents via reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 83:1–27
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Medeiros SF, Filizzola JOC, Oliveira PFM, Silva TM, Lara BR, Lopes MV, Bergmann BR, Elaissari A, Santos AM (2016) Fabrication of biocompatible and stimuli-responsive hybrid microgels with magnetic properties via aqueous precipitation polymerization. Mater Lett 175:296–299 Medeiros SF, Filizzola JOC, Oliveira PFM, Silva TM, Lara BR, Lopes MV, Bergmann BR, Elaissari A, Santos AM (2016) Fabrication of biocompatible and stimuli-responsive hybrid microgels with magnetic properties via aqueous precipitation polymerization. Mater Lett 175:296–299
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang H (2013) Controlled/“living” radical precipitation polymerization: a versatile polymerization technique for advanced functional polymers. Eur Polym J 49:579–600 Zhang H (2013) Controlled/“living” radical precipitation polymerization: a versatile polymerization technique for advanced functional polymers. Eur Polym J 49:579–600
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang X, Huang P, Ma X, Du X, Lu X (2018) Magnetic mesoporous molecularly imprinted polymers based on surface precipitation polymerization for selective enrichment of triclosan and triclocarban. J Chromatogr A 1537:35–42PubMed Wang X, Huang P, Ma X, Du X, Lu X (2018) Magnetic mesoporous molecularly imprinted polymers based on surface precipitation polymerization for selective enrichment of triclosan and triclocarban. J Chromatogr A 1537:35–42PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang H, Wang H, Wu Y, Shi Y, Deng J (2018) Chiral, crosslinked, and micron-sized spheres of substituted polyacetylene prepared by precipitation polymerization. Polymer 139:76–85 Huang H, Wang H, Wu Y, Shi Y, Deng J (2018) Chiral, crosslinked, and micron-sized spheres of substituted polyacetylene prepared by precipitation polymerization. Polymer 139:76–85
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Jolly HC, Guillot P, Mignard E (2018) Supercritical continuous precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid in a droplet-based millifluidic device. Chem Eng J 334:389–399 Jolly HC, Guillot P, Mignard E (2018) Supercritical continuous precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid in a droplet-based millifluidic device. Chem Eng J 334:389–399
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaitidou S, Kotrotsiou O, Kotti K, Kammona O, Bukhari M, Kiparissides C (2008) Precipitation polymerization for the synthesis of nanostructured particles. Mater Sci Eng B 152:55–59 Chaitidou S, Kotrotsiou O, Kotti K, Kammona O, Bukhari M, Kiparissides C (2008) Precipitation polymerization for the synthesis of nanostructured particles. Mater Sci Eng B 152:55–59
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Kao YC, Whang WT, Chen YC, Chen KC (2017) Effect of crosslinking agents on the dispersive behaviour of polymer particles in seed swelling polymerisation. J Ind Eng Chem 51:216–222 Kao YC, Whang WT, Chen YC, Chen KC (2017) Effect of crosslinking agents on the dispersive behaviour of polymer particles in seed swelling polymerisation. J Ind Eng Chem 51:216–222
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Pei X, Zhai K, Liang X, Deng Y, Xu K, Tan Y, Yao X, Wang P (2018) Fabrication of shape-tunable macroparticles by seeded polymerization of styrene using non-cross-linked starch-based seed. J Colloid Interface Sci 512:600–608PubMed Pei X, Zhai K, Liang X, Deng Y, Xu K, Tan Y, Yao X, Wang P (2018) Fabrication of shape-tunable macroparticles by seeded polymerization of styrene using non-cross-linked starch-based seed. J Colloid Interface Sci 512:600–608PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang Z, Shao H, Zhou X, Zhao L, Liu H, Ji X, Liu H (2017) Controllable synthesis of anisotropic silica/polymer composite particles via seeded dispersion polymerization. Mater Chem Phys 195:105–113 Zhang Z, Shao H, Zhou X, Zhao L, Liu H, Ji X, Liu H (2017) Controllable synthesis of anisotropic silica/polymer composite particles via seeded dispersion polymerization. Mater Chem Phys 195:105–113
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Yao Y, Cao Z, Shang Y, Chen Q, Yang L, Zhang Y, Qi D (2017) Preparation of polymeric/inorganic nanocomposite particles in miniemulsions: II. Narrowly size-distributed polymer/SiO2 nanocomposite particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 530:104–116 Yao Y, Cao Z, Shang Y, Chen Q, Yang L, Zhang Y, Qi D (2017) Preparation of polymeric/inorganic nanocomposite particles in miniemulsions: II. Narrowly size-distributed polymer/SiO2 nanocomposite particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 530:104–116
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim D, Lee DY, Lee K, Choe S (2009) Effect of crosslinking agents on the morphology of polymer particles produced by one-step seeded polymerization. Macromol Res 17:250–258 Kim D, Lee DY, Lee K, Choe S (2009) Effect of crosslinking agents on the morphology of polymer particles produced by one-step seeded polymerization. Macromol Res 17:250–258
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Park J, Kim Y, Yoon H, Jun LBY (2011) Preparation of pore size controllable macroporous polymer beads. J Ind Eng Chem 17:794–798 Park J, Kim Y, Yoon H, Jun LBY (2011) Preparation of pore size controllable macroporous polymer beads. J Ind Eng Chem 17:794–798
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang H, Xie G, Fang M, Ying Z, Tong Y, Zeng Y (2017) Mechanical reinforcement of graphene/poly(vinyl chloride) composites prepared by combining the in-situ suspension polymerization and melt-mixing methods. Composites Part B 113:278–284 Wang H, Xie G, Fang M, Ying Z, Tong Y, Zeng Y (2017) Mechanical reinforcement of graphene/poly(vinyl chloride) composites prepared by combining the in-situ suspension polymerization and melt-mixing methods. Composites Part B 113:278–284
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiatkamjornwong S, Chientachakul P, Prasassarakich P, Damronglerd S (2001) Kinetic studies on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymerization by suspension technique. J Appl Polym Sci 82:1521–1540 Kiatkamjornwong S, Chientachakul P, Prasassarakich P, Damronglerd S (2001) Kinetic studies on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymerization by suspension technique. J Appl Polym Sci 82:1521–1540
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Ober CK, Hair ML (1987). J Appl Polym Sci 25:1395 Ober CK, Hair ML (1987). J Appl Polym Sci 25:1395
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Kichatov BV, Korshunov AM, Assorova PV (2003). Theor Found Chem Eng 37:305 Kichatov BV, Korshunov AM, Assorova PV (2003). Theor Found Chem Eng 37:305
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Q, Wang L, Xiao A, Yu H (2010) The spherical cleavage behavior of Polydivinylbenzene during suspension polymerization. Des Mon Polym 13:369–375 Liu Q, Wang L, Xiao A, Yu H (2010) The spherical cleavage behavior of Polydivinylbenzene during suspension polymerization. Des Mon Polym 13:369–375
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Nunes DSS, Coutinho FMB (2002) Acrylonitrile–divinylbenzene copolymer beads: influence of pre-polymerization step, stirring conditions and polymerization initiator type on the polymer particle characteristics. Eur Polym J 38:1159–1165 Nunes DSS, Coutinho FMB (2002) Acrylonitrile–divinylbenzene copolymer beads: influence of pre-polymerization step, stirring conditions and polymerization initiator type on the polymer particle characteristics. Eur Polym J 38:1159–1165
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodrigo R, Toro CA, Cuellar J (2013) Morphological characteristics of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microparticles synthesized by suspension polymerization. Powder Technol 247:279–288 Rodrigo R, Toro CA, Cuellar J (2013) Morphological characteristics of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microparticles synthesized by suspension polymerization. Powder Technol 247:279–288
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Okudaira G, Kamogawa K, Sakai T, Sakai H, Abe M (2003). J Oleo Sci 53:167 Okudaira G, Kamogawa K, Sakai T, Sakai H, Abe M (2003). J Oleo Sci 53:167
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1995) Temperature, a Simple and Efficient Tool for the Control of Pore Size Distribution in Macroporous Polymers. Macromol 28:7580–7582 Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1995) Temperature, a Simple and Efficient Tool for the Control of Pore Size Distribution in Macroporous Polymers. Macromol 28:7580–7582
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Hulubei C, Vlad CD, Stoica I, Popovici D, Lisa G, Nica SL, Barzic AL (2014) New polyimide-based porous crosslinked beads by suspension polymerization: physical and chemical factors affecting their morphology. J Polym Res 21:514 Hulubei C, Vlad CD, Stoica I, Popovici D, Lisa G, Nica SL, Barzic AL (2014) New polyimide-based porous crosslinked beads by suspension polymerization: physical and chemical factors affecting their morphology. J Polym Res 21:514
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffman F, Delbruch K (1909) Patent (Ger.) No. 250 690, Farbenfabriken Bayer, Germany Hoffman F, Delbruch K (1909) Patent (Ger.) No. 250 690, Farbenfabriken Bayer, Germany
54.
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Viklund C, Svec F, Frechet JMJ, Irgum K (1996) Monolithic, “molded”, porous materials with high flow characteristics for separations, catalysis, or solid-phase chemistry: control of porous properties during polymerization. Chem Mater 8:744–750 Viklund C, Svec F, Frechet JMJ, Irgum K (1996) Monolithic, “molded”, porous materials with high flow characteristics for separations, catalysis, or solid-phase chemistry: control of porous properties during polymerization. Chem Mater 8:744–750
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Petro M, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1996) Immobilization of trypsin onto “molded” macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) rods and use of the conjugates as bioreactors and for affinity chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 49:355–363PubMed Petro M, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1996) Immobilization of trypsin onto “molded” macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) rods and use of the conjugates as bioreactors and for affinity chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 49:355–363PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Petro M, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1996) Molded continuous poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) rod as a separation medium for the very fast separation of polymers comparison of the chromatographic properties of the monolithic rod with columns packed with porous and non-porous beads in high-performance liquid chromatography of polystyrenes. J Chromatogr A 752:59–66PubMed Petro M, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1996) Molded continuous poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) rod as a separation medium for the very fast separation of polymers comparison of the chromatographic properties of the monolithic rod with columns packed with porous and non-porous beads in high-performance liquid chromatography of polystyrenes. J Chromatogr A 752:59–66PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Xie SF, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1997) Preparation of porous hydrophilic monoliths: Effect of the polymerization conditions on the porous properties of poly (acrylamide-co-N,N?-methylenebisacrylamide) monolithic rods. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 35:1013–1021 Xie SF, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1997) Preparation of porous hydrophilic monoliths: Effect of the polymerization conditions on the porous properties of poly (acrylamide-co-N,N?-methylenebisacrylamide) monolithic rods. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 35:1013–1021
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Peters EC, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1997) Preparation of Large-Diameter “Molded” Porous Polymer Monoliths and the Control of Pore Structure Homogeneity. Chem Mater 9:1898–1902 Peters EC, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1997) Preparation of Large-Diameter “Molded” Porous Polymer Monoliths and the Control of Pore Structure Homogeneity. Chem Mater 9:1898–1902
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Xie SF, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1997) Rigid porous polyacrylamide-based monolithic columns containing butyl methacrylate as a separation medium for the rapid hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins. J Chromatogr A 775:65–72PubMed Xie SF, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1997) Rigid porous polyacrylamide-based monolithic columns containing butyl methacrylate as a separation medium for the rapid hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins. J Chromatogr A 775:65–72PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Peters EC, Petro M, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1998) Molded rigid polymer monoliths as separation media for capillary electrochromatography. 1. fine control of porous properties and surface chemistry. Anal Chem 70:2288–2295PubMed Peters EC, Petro M, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1998) Molded rigid polymer monoliths as separation media for capillary electrochromatography. 1. fine control of porous properties and surface chemistry. Anal Chem 70:2288–2295PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Alexopoulos AH, Kiparissides C (2007) On the prediction of internal particle morphology in suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. Part I. Chem Eng Sci 62:3970–3983 Alexopoulos AH, Kiparissides C (2007) On the prediction of internal particle morphology in suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. Part I. Chem Eng Sci 62:3970–3983
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer W, Lauth H (1931) Patent (Ger.) No. 656, 134, Rohm and Hass, Darmstadt Bauer W, Lauth H (1931) Patent (Ger.) No. 656, 134, Rohm and Hass, Darmstadt
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Hosenstein WP, Mark H (1946) Polymerization of olefins and diolefins in suspension and emulsion. Part I. Int J Polym Sci 1:127–145 Hosenstein WP, Mark H (1946) Polymerization of olefins and diolefins in suspension and emulsion. Part I. Int J Polym Sci 1:127–145
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Trommsdorff E, Kohle H, Lagally P (1948) Zur polymerisation des methacrylsäuremethylesters1. Macromol Chem 1:169–198 Trommsdorff E, Kohle H, Lagally P (1948) Zur polymerisation des methacrylsäuremethylesters1. Macromol Chem 1:169–198
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Munzer M, Trommsdorff E (1997). High Polym 29:106 Munzer M, Trommsdorff E (1997). High Polym 29:106
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan HG, Kalfas G, Ray WH (1991) Suspension polymerization. J Macromol Sci Rev Macrolol Chem Phys C 31:215–299 Yuan HG, Kalfas G, Ray WH (1991) Suspension polymerization. J Macromol Sci Rev Macrolol Chem Phys C 31:215–299
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Okay O (2000) Macroporous copolymer networks. Prog Polym Sci 25:711–779 Okay O (2000) Macroporous copolymer networks. Prog Polym Sci 25:711–779
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Kita R, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (2001) Hydrophilic polymer supports for solid-phase synthesis: preparation of Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate polymer beads using “classical” suspension polymerization in aqueous medium and their application in the solid-phase synthesis of hydantoins. J Comb Chem 3:564–571PubMed Kita R, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (2001) Hydrophilic polymer supports for solid-phase synthesis: preparation of Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate polymer beads using “classical” suspension polymerization in aqueous medium and their application in the solid-phase synthesis of hydantoins. J Comb Chem 3:564–571PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Slater M, Snauko M, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (2006) “Click chemistry” in the preparation of porous polymer-based particulate stationary phases for μ-HPLC separation of peptides and proteins. Anal Chem 78:4969–4975PubMed Slater M, Snauko M, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (2006) “Click chemistry” in the preparation of porous polymer-based particulate stationary phases for μ-HPLC separation of peptides and proteins. Anal Chem 78:4969–4975PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohammed ML, Mbeleck R, Saha B (2015) Efficient and selective molybdenum based heterogeneous catalyst for alkene epoxidation using batch and continuous reactors. Polym Chem 6:7308–7319 Mohammed ML, Mbeleck R, Saha B (2015) Efficient and selective molybdenum based heterogeneous catalyst for alkene epoxidation using batch and continuous reactors. Polym Chem 6:7308–7319
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Mouradzadegun A, Mostafavi MA (2016) Copper-loaded hypercrosslinked polymer decorated with pendant amine groups: a green and retrievable catalytic system for quick [3 + 2] Huisgen cycloaddition in water. RSC Adv 6:42522–42531 Mouradzadegun A, Mostafavi MA (2016) Copper-loaded hypercrosslinked polymer decorated with pendant amine groups: a green and retrievable catalytic system for quick [3 + 2] Huisgen cycloaddition in water. RSC Adv 6:42522–42531
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Saadati F, Khani N, Rahmani M, Piri F (2016) Preparation and characterization of nanosized copper (II) oxide embedded in hyper-cross-linked polystyrene: highly efficient catalyst for aqueous-phase oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Catal Commun 79:26–30 Saadati F, Khani N, Rahmani M, Piri F (2016) Preparation and characterization of nanosized copper (II) oxide embedded in hyper-cross-linked polystyrene: highly efficient catalyst for aqueous-phase oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Catal Commun 79:26–30
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Taguchi Y, Suzuki T, Saito N, Yokoyama H, Tanaka M (2017) Preparation of polymer composite particles by phase separation followed by suspension polymerization. Open J Compos Mater 7:1–13 Taguchi Y, Suzuki T, Saito N, Yokoyama H, Tanaka M (2017) Preparation of polymer composite particles by phase separation followed by suspension polymerization. Open J Compos Mater 7:1–13
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Alva G, Lin Y, Liu L, Fang G (2017) Synthesis, characterization and applications of microencapsulated phase change materials in thermal energy storage: A review. Energy Buil 144:276–294 Alva G, Lin Y, Liu L, Fang G (2017) Synthesis, characterization and applications of microencapsulated phase change materials in thermal energy storage: A review. Energy Buil 144:276–294
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Dowding PJ, Vincent B (2000) Suspension polymerisation to form polymer beads. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 161:259–269 Dowding PJ, Vincent B (2000) Suspension polymerisation to form polymer beads. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 161:259–269
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Liang YC, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1997) Preparation and functionalization of reactive monodisperse macroporous poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-styrene-co-divinylbenzene) beads by a staged templated suspension polymerization. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 35:2631–2643 Liang YC, Svec F, Frechet JMJ (1997) Preparation and functionalization of reactive monodisperse macroporous poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-styrene-co-divinylbenzene) beads by a staged templated suspension polymerization. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 35:2631–2643
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Arshady R, Ledwith A (1983). React Polym 1:159 Arshady R, Ledwith A (1983). React Polym 1:159
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Minami H, Kojima A, Suzuki T (2017) Preparation of flattened cross-linked hollow particles by suspension polymerization in a solid dispersion medium. Langmuir 33:1541–1546PubMed Minami H, Kojima A, Suzuki T (2017) Preparation of flattened cross-linked hollow particles by suspension polymerization in a solid dispersion medium. Langmuir 33:1541–1546PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Erbay E, Bilgic T, Karali M, Savasci OT (1992) Polystyrene suspension polymerization: the effect of polymerization parameters on particle size and distribution. Polym-Plast Technol Eng 31:589–605 Erbay E, Bilgic T, Karali M, Savasci OT (1992) Polystyrene suspension polymerization: the effect of polymerization parameters on particle size and distribution. Polym-Plast Technol Eng 31:589–605
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Lima EV, Hamielec AE, Wood PE (1994) Auto-acceleration effect in free radical polymerization. A comparison of the CCS and MH models. Polym React Eng 2:17–85 Lima EV, Hamielec AE, Wood PE (1994) Auto-acceleration effect in free radical polymerization. A comparison of the CCS and MH models. Polym React Eng 2:17–85
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Villalobos MA, Hamielec AE, Wood PE (1993) Bulk and suspension polymerization of styrene in the presence of n-pentane. An evaluation of monofunctional and bifunctional initiation. J Appl Polym Sci 50:327–343 Villalobos MA, Hamielec AE, Wood PE (1993) Bulk and suspension polymerization of styrene in the presence of n-pentane. An evaluation of monofunctional and bifunctional initiation. J Appl Polym Sci 50:327–343
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Grochowicz M, Gawdzik B (2013) Preparation and characterization of porous crosslinked microspheres of new aromatic methacrylates. J Porous Mater 20:339–349 Grochowicz M, Gawdzik B (2013) Preparation and characterization of porous crosslinked microspheres of new aromatic methacrylates. J Porous Mater 20:339–349
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharma S, Sinha S, Biswas P, Maurya MR, Chand S (2013) Oxidation of styrene over polymer- and nonpolymer-anchored Cu(II) and Mn(II) complex catalysts. J Appl Polym Sci 127:3424–3434 Sharma S, Sinha S, Biswas P, Maurya MR, Chand S (2013) Oxidation of styrene over polymer- and nonpolymer-anchored Cu(II) and Mn(II) complex catalysts. J Appl Polym Sci 127:3424–3434
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharma S, Sinha S, Chand S (2012) Polymer anchored catalysts for oxidation of styrene using TBHP and molecular oxygen. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:8806–8814 Sharma S, Sinha S, Chand S (2012) Polymer anchored catalysts for oxidation of styrene using TBHP and molecular oxygen. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:8806–8814
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarkar S, Guibal E, Quignard F, SenGupta AK (2012) Polymer-supported metals and metal oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and applications. J Nanopart Res 14:715 Sarkar S, Guibal E, Quignard F, SenGupta AK (2012) Polymer-supported metals and metal oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and applications. J Nanopart Res 14:715
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Dioos BML, Vankelecom IFJ, Jacobs PA (2006) Aspects of Immobilisation of catalysts on polymeric supports. Adv Synth Catal 348:1413–1446 Dioos BML, Vankelecom IFJ, Jacobs PA (2006) Aspects of Immobilisation of catalysts on polymeric supports. Adv Synth Catal 348:1413–1446
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Tank R, Gupta DC (2009) Modification of styrene-divinyl benzene copolymers using monoacrylates as ter-monomer. J Porous Mater 16:387–392 Tank R, Gupta DC (2009) Modification of styrene-divinyl benzene copolymers using monoacrylates as ter-monomer. J Porous Mater 16:387–392
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Apostolidou C, Stamatoudis M (1990) On particle size distribution in suspension polymerization of styrene. Collect Czechoslov Chem Commun 55:2244–2251 Apostolidou C, Stamatoudis M (1990) On particle size distribution in suspension polymerization of styrene. Collect Czechoslov Chem Commun 55:2244–2251
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Portnikov D, Kalman H (2018) The effect of temperature on the mechanical characteristics of individual particles. Powder Technol 336:393–405 Portnikov D, Kalman H (2018) The effect of temperature on the mechanical characteristics of individual particles. Powder Technol 336:393–405
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Azouz KB, Bekkour K, Dupuis D (2016) Influence of the temperature on the rheological properties of bentonite suspensions in aqueous polymer solutions. Appl Clay Sci 123:92–98 Azouz KB, Bekkour K, Dupuis D (2016) Influence of the temperature on the rheological properties of bentonite suspensions in aqueous polymer solutions. Appl Clay Sci 123:92–98
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Ng WS, Cooper L, Connal LA, Forbes E, Jameson GJ, Franks GV (2018) Tuneable collector/depressant behaviour of xanthate-functional temperature-responsive polymers in the flotation of copper sulfide: effect of shear and temperature. Miner Eng 117:91–99 Ng WS, Cooper L, Connal LA, Forbes E, Jameson GJ, Franks GV (2018) Tuneable collector/depressant behaviour of xanthate-functional temperature-responsive polymers in the flotation of copper sulfide: effect of shear and temperature. Miner Eng 117:91–99
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhenga T, Pilla S (2018) Encapsulation of hydrophilic payload by PU-PMF capsule: effect of melamine-formaldehyde pre-polymer content, pH and temperature on capsule morphology. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 542:59–67 Zhenga T, Pilla S (2018) Encapsulation of hydrophilic payload by PU-PMF capsule: effect of melamine-formaldehyde pre-polymer content, pH and temperature on capsule morphology. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 542:59–67
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Gritskova IA, Zhachenkov SV, Tsarkova MS, Levachev SM, Simakova GA, Khaddazh M, Prokopov NI (2011). Polymer Sci 53:568 Gritskova IA, Zhachenkov SV, Tsarkova MS, Levachev SM, Simakova GA, Khaddazh M, Prokopov NI (2011). Polymer Sci 53:568
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Mane S, Ponrathnam S, Chavan N (2015). Can Chem Trans 3:473 Mane S, Ponrathnam S, Chavan N (2015). Can Chem Trans 3:473
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Mane S, Ponrathnam S, Chavan N (2016). Can Chem Trans 4:192 Mane S, Ponrathnam S, Chavan N (2016). Can Chem Trans 4:192
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Luz CTL, Coutinho FMB (2001). Polymer 42:4931 Luz CTL, Coutinho FMB (2001). Polymer 42:4931
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Daminova SS, Kadirova ZC, Sharipov KT, Stoyko OV, Chepulsky SA, Adewuyi A, Hojamberdiev M (2017) Diisopropyldithiophosphoric acid-impregnated macroporous non-ionogenic styrene-divinylbenzene polymeric sorbent (Porolas) for effective copper extraction. J Ind Eng Chem 55:204–214 Daminova SS, Kadirova ZC, Sharipov KT, Stoyko OV, Chepulsky SA, Adewuyi A, Hojamberdiev M (2017) Diisopropyldithiophosphoric acid-impregnated macroporous non-ionogenic styrene-divinylbenzene polymeric sorbent (Porolas) for effective copper extraction. J Ind Eng Chem 55:204–214
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu L, Jiang C, Xiufang W, Pihui P, Zhuoru Y (2006). Chin J Chem Eng 14:471 Lu L, Jiang C, Xiufang W, Pihui P, Zhuoru Y (2006). Chin J Chem Eng 14:471
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiatkamjornwong S, Traissaranapong S, Prasassarakich P (1999). J Porous Mater 6:215–229 Kiatkamjornwong S, Traissaranapong S, Prasassarakich P (1999). J Porous Mater 6:215–229
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Aungsurpravate O, Kangwansupamonkon W, Chavasiri W, Kiatkamjornwong S (2007). Polym Eng Sci 447 Aungsurpravate O, Kangwansupamonkon W, Chavasiri W, Kiatkamjornwong S (2007). Polym Eng Sci 447
103.
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Hao D, Gong F, Wei W, Hu G, Ma G, Su Z (2008) Porogen effects in synthesis of uniform micrometer-sized poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres with high surface areas. J Colloid Interface Sci 323:52–59PubMed Hao D, Gong F, Wei W, Hu G, Ma G, Su Z (2008) Porogen effects in synthesis of uniform micrometer-sized poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres with high surface areas. J Colloid Interface Sci 323:52–59PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Calabrase RV, Chang TPK, Dang PT (1986) Drop breakup in turbulent stirred-tank contactors. Part I: Effect of dispersed-phase viscosity. AICHE J 32:657–666 Calabrase RV, Chang TPK, Dang PT (1986) Drop breakup in turbulent stirred-tank contactors. Part I: Effect of dispersed-phase viscosity. AICHE J 32:657–666
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Borwankar RP, Chung SI, Wasan DT (1986). J Appl Polym Sci 329:5749 Borwankar RP, Chung SI, Wasan DT (1986). J Appl Polym Sci 329:5749
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Bourne JR, Baldyga (1994). J Chem Eng Sci 499:1077 Bourne JR, Baldyga (1994). J Chem Eng Sci 499:1077
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Coulaloglou CA, Tavlarides LL (1976). AICHE J 229:289 Coulaloglou CA, Tavlarides LL (1976). AICHE J 229:289
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Doulah MS (1975). Ind Eng Chem Fundam 149:137 Doulah MS (1975). Ind Eng Chem Fundam 149:137
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaudhary V, Sweta (2016). IJSER 7:1743–1748 Chaudhary V, Sweta (2016). IJSER 7:1743–1748
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaudhary V, Sweta (2017). J Porous Mater 24:741–749 Chaudhary V, Sweta (2017). J Porous Mater 24:741–749
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Fu Y, Xu L, Shen H, Yang H, Zhang F, Zhu W, Fan M (2016) Tunable catalytic properties of multi-metal–organic frameworks for aerobic styrene oxidation. Chem Eng J 299:135–141 Fu Y, Xu L, Shen H, Yang H, Zhang F, Zhu W, Fan M (2016) Tunable catalytic properties of multi-metal–organic frameworks for aerobic styrene oxidation. Chem Eng J 299:135–141
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamami B, Ghasemi S (2011) Modified crosslinked polyacrylamide anchored Schiff base–cobalt complex: a novel nano-sized heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation of olefins and alkyl halides with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous media. Appl Catal A Gen 393:242–250 Tamami B, Ghasemi S (2011) Modified crosslinked polyacrylamide anchored Schiff base–cobalt complex: a novel nano-sized heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation of olefins and alkyl halides with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous media. Appl Catal A Gen 393:242–250
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Godhani DR, Nakum HD, Parmar DK, Mehta JP, Desai NC (2016) Tuning of the reaction parameters to optimize allylic oxidation of cyclohexene catalyzed by zeolite-Y entrapped transition metal complexes. J Mol Catal A Chem 415:37–55 Godhani DR, Nakum HD, Parmar DK, Mehta JP, Desai NC (2016) Tuning of the reaction parameters to optimize allylic oxidation of cyclohexene catalyzed by zeolite-Y entrapped transition metal complexes. J Mol Catal A Chem 415:37–55
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Sherrington DC (1980). British Polym J 70 Sherrington DC (1980). British Polym J 70
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Kralik M, Corain B, Zecca M (2000). Chem Pap 54:254 Kralik M, Corain B, Zecca M (2000). Chem Pap 54:254
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnold U (2008) Mechanisms in homogeneous and heterogeneous epoxidation catalysis, p 387 Arnold U (2008) Mechanisms in homogeneous and heterogeneous epoxidation catalysis, p 387
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Collma JP, Kosydar KM, Bressan M, Lamanna W, Garrett T (1984) Polymer-bound substrates: a method to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 106:2569–2579 Collma JP, Kosydar KM, Bressan M, Lamanna W, Garrett T (1984) Polymer-bound substrates: a method to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 106:2569–2579
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Gravert DJ, Janda KD (1997) Organic synthesis on soluble polymer supports: liquid-phase methodologies. Chem Rev 97:489–510PubMed Gravert DJ, Janda KD (1997) Organic synthesis on soluble polymer supports: liquid-phase methodologies. Chem Rev 97:489–510PubMed
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Merrifield B (1984) The role of the support in solid phase peptide synthesis. British Polym J 16:173–178 Merrifield B (1984) The role of the support in solid phase peptide synthesis. British Polym J 16:173–178
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamaguchi K, Mizuno N (2003) Scope, kinetics, and mechanistic aspects of aerobic oxidations catalyzed by ruthenium supported on alumina. Chem Eur J 9:4353–4361PubMed Yamaguchi K, Mizuno N (2003) Scope, kinetics, and mechanistic aspects of aerobic oxidations catalyzed by ruthenium supported on alumina. Chem Eur J 9:4353–4361PubMed
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Abad A, Concepcion P, Corma A, Garcia H (2005) A collaborative effect between gold and a support induces the selective oxidation of alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:4066–4069 Abad A, Concepcion P, Corma A, Garcia H (2005) A collaborative effect between gold and a support induces the selective oxidation of alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:4066–4069
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Jamwal N, Gupta M, Paul S (2008) Hydroxyapatite-supported palladium (0) as a highly efficient catalyst for the Suzuki coupling and aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols in water. Green Chem 10:999 Jamwal N, Gupta M, Paul S (2008) Hydroxyapatite-supported palladium (0) as a highly efficient catalyst for the Suzuki coupling and aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols in water. Green Chem 10:999
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Renuka MK, Gayathri V (2018) A polymer supported Cu(II) catalyst for oxidative amidation of benzyl alcohol and substituted amines in TBHP/H 2 O. Catal Commun 104:71–77 Renuka MK, Gayathri V (2018) A polymer supported Cu(II) catalyst for oxidative amidation of benzyl alcohol and substituted amines in TBHP/H 2 O. Catal Commun 104:71–77
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaboudin B, Khanmohammadi H, Kazemi F (2017) Polymer supported gold nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization of functionalized polystyrene-supported gold nanoparticles and their application in catalytic oxidation of alcohols in water. Appl Surf Sci 425:400–406 Kaboudin B, Khanmohammadi H, Kazemi F (2017) Polymer supported gold nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization of functionalized polystyrene-supported gold nanoparticles and their application in catalytic oxidation of alcohols in water. Appl Surf Sci 425:400–406
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Huang J, Xia X, Peng X (2018) Fe–Co/sulfonated polystyrene as an efficient and selective catalyst in heterogeneous Baeyer–Villiger oxidation reaction of cyclic ketones. J Saudi Chem Soc 22:129–135 Wang Y, Huang J, Xia X, Peng X (2018) Fe–Co/sulfonated polystyrene as an efficient and selective catalyst in heterogeneous Baeyer–Villiger oxidation reaction of cyclic ketones. J Saudi Chem Soc 22:129–135
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta KC, Sutar AK (2008) Polymer supported catalysts for oxidation of phenol and cyclohexene using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. J Mol Catal A Chem 280:173–185 Gupta KC, Sutar AK (2008) Polymer supported catalysts for oxidation of phenol and cyclohexene using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. J Mol Catal A Chem 280:173–185
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatefi M, Moghadam M, Sheikhshoaei I, Mirkhani V, Tangestaninejad S, Baltork IM, Kargar H (2009) Ru(salophen)Cl supported on polystyrene-bound imidazole: an efficient and robust heterogeneous catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes with sodium periodate. Appl Catal A 370:66–71 Hatefi M, Moghadam M, Sheikhshoaei I, Mirkhani V, Tangestaninejad S, Baltork IM, Kargar H (2009) Ru(salophen)Cl supported on polystyrene-bound imidazole: an efficient and robust heterogeneous catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes with sodium periodate. Appl Catal A 370:66–71
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Krishnan GR, Sreekumar K (2009) Polystyrene-supported poly(amidoamine) dendrimer–manganese complex: synthesis, characterization and catalysis. Appl Catal A 353:80–86 Krishnan GR, Sreekumar K (2009) Polystyrene-supported poly(amidoamine) dendrimer–manganese complex: synthesis, characterization and catalysis. Appl Catal A 353:80–86
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang Y, Lv Y, Lu F, Zha F, Lei Z (2010) Efficient allylic oxidation of cyclohexene with oxygen catalyzed by chloromethylated polystyrene supported tridentate Schiff-base complexes. J Mol Catal A Chem 320:56–61 Chang Y, Lv Y, Lu F, Zha F, Lei Z (2010) Efficient allylic oxidation of cyclohexene with oxygen catalyzed by chloromethylated polystyrene supported tridentate Schiff-base complexes. J Mol Catal A Chem 320:56–61
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Tangestaninejad S, Moghadam M, Mirkhani V, Baltork IM, Torki M (2011) Preparation and characterization of molybdenum hexacarbonyl encapsulated in polystyrene and its application as an efficient and reusable catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes with tert-BuOOH. C R Chimie 14:604–610 Tangestaninejad S, Moghadam M, Mirkhani V, Baltork IM, Torki M (2011) Preparation and characterization of molybdenum hexacarbonyl encapsulated in polystyrene and its application as an efficient and reusable catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes with tert-BuOOH. C R Chimie 14:604–610
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohammed ML, Mbeleck R, Patel D, Niyogi D, Sherrington DC, Saha B (2015) Greener and efficient epoxidation of 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene with polystyrene 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine supported Mo(VI) catalyst in batch and continuous reactors. Chem Eng Res Des 94:194–203 Mohammed ML, Mbeleck R, Patel D, Niyogi D, Sherrington DC, Saha B (2015) Greener and efficient epoxidation of 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene with polystyrene 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine supported Mo(VI) catalyst in batch and continuous reactors. Chem Eng Res Des 94:194–203
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu Y, Zhao W, Hosmane NS (2015) Direct synthesis of carboranylpolystyrene and their applications for oxidation resistance of graphene oxides and catalyst support. J Organomet Chem 798:80–85 Zhu Y, Zhao W, Hosmane NS (2015) Direct synthesis of carboranylpolystyrene and their applications for oxidation resistance of graphene oxides and catalyst support. J Organomet Chem 798:80–85
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharma AS, Kaur H (2017) Au NPs@ polystyrene resin for mild and selective aerobic oxidation of 1,4 dioxane to 1,4 dioxan-2-ol. Catal Commun 90:56–59 Sharma AS, Kaur H (2017) Au NPs@ polystyrene resin for mild and selective aerobic oxidation of 1,4 dioxane to 1,4 dioxan-2-ol. Catal Commun 90:56–59
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Khatun R, Biswas S, Ghosh S, Islam SM (2018) Polymer-anchored [Fe(III)Azo] complex: an efficient reusable catalyst for oxidative bromination and multi-components reaction for the synthesis of spiropiperidine derivatives. J Organomet Chem 858:37–46 Khatun R, Biswas S, Ghosh S, Islam SM (2018) Polymer-anchored [Fe(III)Azo] complex: an efficient reusable catalyst for oxidative bromination and multi-components reaction for the synthesis of spiropiperidine derivatives. J Organomet Chem 858:37–46
Metadaten
Titel
Suspension polymerization technique: parameters affecting polymer properties and application in oxidation reactions
verfasst von
Vasu Chaudhary
Sweta Sharma
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2019
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Journal of Polymer Research / Ausgabe 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1022-9760
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-8935
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1767-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2019

Journal of Polymer Research 5/2019 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.