Synthesis of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays via Electrochemical Anodization

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotube arrays (NTAs) material have received attention due to their high stability in optoelectronic devices. As-prepared TiO₂ nanotubes layers are amorphous and their properties are not sufficient enough to applied in device applications. The TiO₂ NTAs was synthesized by electrochemical anodization method. The medium was mixed to facilitate the growth of TiO₂ NTAs and annealed to improve the anatase structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed the prepared TiO₂ NTAs grow uniformly with average diameter 50.82 nm (450 °C) and 68.17 nm (as-prepared sample). The Raman spectroscopy reported the annealing temperature is critical issue to determine the crystallinity and structure of TiO₂. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed the TiO₂ NTAs exhibit anatase phase with prominent (101) diffraction peak that was recorded for the sample annealed at 450 °C. The band gap value (3.21 eV) was obtained for the sample annealed at 450 °C due to homogeneity of the TiO₂ NTAs structures. This approach is cost-effective in synthesizing high quality ordered of TiO₂ NTAs for optoelectronic applications.