Skip to main content
Erschienen in:
Buchtitelbild

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Tacticity, Regio and Stereoregularity

verfasst von : Giovanni Talarico, Claudio De Rosa, Finizia Auriemma

Erschienen in: Polypropylene Handbook

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter focus on the polypropylene tacticity. The stereoregularity and regioregularity of the processes catalyzed by heterogeneous and homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts are discussed. The amazing variety of molecular architectures available for polypropylene-based materials are summarized together with the catalytic mechanisms for tacticity control. The main techniques applied for the determination of PP tacticity are reported as well as the outstanding development of new catalyst systems able to achieve unprecedented PP microstructures.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
In this chapter the nomenclature si, re is used instead of the nomenclature R, S as suggested in Corradini and Guerra [27].
 
Literatur
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore EP Jr (1996) Polypropylene handbook: polymerization, characterization, properties, processing, applications. Hanser Publishers, Munich Moore EP Jr (1996) Polypropylene handbook: polymerization, characterization, properties, processing, applications. Hanser Publishers, Munich
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Natta G, Pasquon I, Corradini P et al (1961) Alti polimeri lineari del propilene aventi struttura sindiotattica. Rend Acc Naz Lincei 28:539–544 Natta G, Pasquon I, Corradini P et al (1961) Alti polimeri lineari del propilene aventi struttura sindiotattica. Rend Acc Naz Lincei 28:539–544
16.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisch JJ, Piotrowski AM, Brownstein SK et al (1985) Organometallic compounds of group III. Part 41. Direct observation of the initial insertion of an unsaturated hydrocarbon into the titanium-carbon bond of the soluble ziegler polymerization catalyst Cp2TiCl2-MeAlCl2. J Am Chem Soc 107:7219–7221. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00310a100CrossRef Eisch JJ, Piotrowski AM, Brownstein SK et al (1985) Organometallic compounds of group III. Part 41. Direct observation of the initial insertion of an unsaturated hydrocarbon into the titanium-carbon bond of the soluble ziegler polymerization catalyst Cp2TiCl2-MeAlCl2. J Am Chem Soc 107:7219–7221. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1021/​ja00310a100CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones RG, Wilks ES, Val Metanomski W et al (2009) Compendium of polymer terminology and nomenclature: IUPAC recommendations 2008. Royal Society of Chemistry Jones RG, Wilks ES, Val Metanomski W et al (2009) Compendium of polymer terminology and nomenclature: IUPAC recommendations 2008. Royal Society of Chemistry
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Busico V, Chadwick JC, Cipullo R et al (2004) Propene/ethene-[1-13c] copolymerization as a tool for investigating catalyst regioselectivity. MgCl2/internal donor/TiCl4 − external donor/AlR3 systems. Macromolecules 37:7437–7443. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma049104aCrossRef Busico V, Chadwick JC, Cipullo R et al (2004) Propene/ethene-[1-13c] copolymerization as a tool for investigating catalyst regioselectivity. MgCl2/internal donor/TiCl4 − external donor/AlR3 systems. Macromolecules 37:7437–7443. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1021/​ma049104aCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Busico V, Cipullo R, Cutillo F et al (2003) Syndiotactic poly(propylene) from [me2si(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9-fluorenyl)(n-tert-butyl)]TiCl2–based catalysts: Chain-end or enantiotopic-sites stereocontrol? Macromol Chem Phys 204:1269–1274. https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200390095 Busico V, Cipullo R, Cutillo F et al (2003) Syndiotactic poly(propylene) from [me2si(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9-fluorenyl)(n-tert-butyl)]TiCl2–based catalysts: Chain-end or enantiotopic-sites stereocontrol? Macromol Chem Phys 204:1269–1274. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​macp.​200390095
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Busico V, Cipullo R, Monaco G et al (1999) High-resolution 13C NMR configurational analysis of polypropylene made with MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts. 1. The “model” system MgCl2/TiCl4-2.6- dimethylpyridine/Al(C2H5)3. Macromolecules 32:4173–4182. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma981941nCrossRef Busico V, Cipullo R, Monaco G et al (1999) High-resolution 13C NMR configurational analysis of polypropylene made with MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts. 1. The “model” system MgCl2/TiCl4-2.6- dimethylpyridine/Al(C2H5)3. Macromolecules 32:4173–4182. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1021/​ma981941nCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Corradini P, Guerra G, Fusco R et al (1980) Analysis of models for the Ziegler-Natta stereospecific polymerization on the basis of non-bonded interactions at the catalytic site—II: edges, steps and reliefs on the surface of layered modifications of TiCl3. Eur Polym J 16:835–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(80)90113-5 Corradini P, Guerra G, Fusco R et al (1980) Analysis of models for the Ziegler-Natta stereospecific polymerization on the basis of non-bonded interactions at the catalytic site—II: edges, steps and reliefs on the surface of layered modifications of TiCl3. Eur Polym J 16:835–842. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​0014-3057(80)90113-5
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen M-C, Roberts JAS, Marks TJ (2004) Marked counteranion effects on single-site olefin polymerization processes. Correlations of ion pair structure and dynamics with polymerization activity, chain transfer, and syndioselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 126:4605–4625. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja036288kCrossRef Chen M-C, Roberts JAS, Marks TJ (2004) Marked counteranion effects on single-site olefin polymerization processes. Correlations of ion pair structure and dynamics with polymerization activity, chain transfer, and syndioselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 126:4605–4625. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1021/​ja036288kCrossRef
66.
67.
73.
Zurück zum Zitat De Rosa C, Auriemma F, Paolillo M et al (2005) Crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of regiodefective, highly stereoregular isotactic polypropylene: effect of regiodefects versus stereodefects and influence of the molecular mass. Macromolecules 38:9143–9154. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma051004xCrossRef De Rosa C, Auriemma F, Paolillo M et al (2005) Crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of regiodefective, highly stereoregular isotactic polypropylene: effect of regiodefects versus stereodefects and influence of the molecular mass. Macromolecules 38:9143–9154. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1021/​ma051004xCrossRef
74.
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Busico V, Cipullo R, Monaco G et al (1999) New insight in propene polymerization promoted by heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. In: Kaminsky W (ed) Metalorganic catalysts for synthesis and polymerization. Springer, Berlin, pp 76–88CrossRef Busico V, Cipullo R, Monaco G et al (1999) New insight in propene polymerization promoted by heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. In: Kaminsky W (ed) Metalorganic catalysts for synthesis and polymerization. Springer, Berlin, pp 76–88CrossRef
85.
86.
Zurück zum Zitat De Rosa C, Auriemma F, Spera C et al (2004) Comparison between polymorphic behaviors of Ziegler-Natta and metallocene-made isotactic polypropylene: the role of the distribution of defects in the polymer chains. Macromolecules 37:1441–1454. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma035295qCrossRef De Rosa C, Auriemma F, Spera C et al (2004) Comparison between polymorphic behaviors of Ziegler-Natta and metallocene-made isotactic polypropylene: the role of the distribution of defects in the polymer chains. Macromolecules 37:1441–1454. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1021/​ma035295qCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Pasquini N (2005) Polypropylene handbook. Product, technology, market. Hanser, Munich Pasquini N (2005) Polypropylene handbook. Product, technology, market. Hanser, Munich
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Harney MB, Zhang Y, Sita LR (2006) Discrete, multiblock isotactic-atactic stereoblock polypropene microstructures of differing block architectures through programmable stereomodulated living Ziegler-Natta polymerization. Angew Chem Int Edit 45:2400–2404. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200600027CrossRef Harney MB, Zhang Y, Sita LR (2006) Discrete, multiblock isotactic-atactic stereoblock polypropene microstructures of differing block architectures through programmable stereomodulated living Ziegler-Natta polymerization. Angew Chem Int Edit 45:2400–2404. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​anie.​200600027CrossRef
110.
113.
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Rose JM, Cherian AE, Coates GW (2006) Living polymerization of α-olefins with an α-diimine ni(ii) catalyst: formation of well-defined ethylene-propylene copolymers through controlled chain-walking. J Am Chem Soc 128:4186–4187. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja058183iCrossRef Rose JM, Cherian AE, Coates GW (2006) Living polymerization of α-olefins with an α-diimine ni(ii) catalyst: formation of well-defined ethylene-propylene copolymers through controlled chain-walking. J Am Chem Soc 128:4186–4187. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1021/​ja058183iCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Tacticity, Regio and Stereoregularity
verfasst von
Giovanni Talarico
Claudio De Rosa
Finizia Auriemma
Copyright-Jahr
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12903-3_1

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.