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2020 | Buch

Origin and Development of Technological Economics Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Technological Economics

verfasst von: Shoubo Xu

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book creatively puts forward the subject nature, object, system, theory, method and application of technical economics, and brings together the research achievements of 50 years, especially the latest research results. It is of great significance for the development of China's technical and economic disciplines and the cultivation of special talents for technical and economic development. It is of great significance for the solution of major technical and economic problems in economic and social development, and has a landmark significance in the history of world technical economics. The book can be used as teaching material for both the liberal arts, science and engineering students within higher education institutions, and as a leading cadre training source for engineers. Furthermore, it can facilitate readers engaged in policy making, program planning, macro control, evaluation of investment decision, feasibility studies, project with aspects such as government, consulting companies, banks, and financial personnel needs. Also this book can aid readers with engineering design, product development, business management, as well as with the needs of engineering and technical personnel and enterprise management personnel.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Introduction to Technological Economics

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Origin and Development of Technological Economics
Abstract
Did technological economics originate in China? Or did it originate in another country or other countries? How, when, and why did it form? What is its development process? How does it play on the economic and social development of China? The answers are not well known by young people in China or by scholars across the world. As such, based on his personal experience, the author elaborates how technological economics formed and developed as an inter-discipline under the leadership of Yu Guangyuan, a famous economist in the Party Central Committee Leadership for Science during early 1960s. This chapter consists of four parts: the background of technological economy plan, the history of technological economics, the development of technological economics, and the development prospects of technological economics.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 2. Objects of the Technological Economics Study
Abstract
What is technology? What is economy? What is a technological economy? These are the questions encountered by the author when he worked on identifying the 11 tasks about the technological economic study in the Technological Economy Plan. Because these questions were related to the objects of the technological economics study, the author started his research by exploring the answers to these questions. This chapter consists of four topics: the concepts of technology and economy, the objects of the study of technological economics, hard technological economics and the soft technological economics, and macro-technological economics and micro-technological economics.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 3. Purpose and Meaning of the Technological Economics Study
Abstract
What is the purpose of the study of technological economics? Why should a study of technological economics be conducted? What is the meaning? These questions will be answered in this chapter. Whether from the perspective of the development of science and technology or from the perspective of the development of economy and society, the purpose of technological economics study is very clear. Studying technological economics is necessary.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 4. Tasks and Contents of a Technological Economics Study
Abstract
What are the tasks of technological economics study? What are the contents of technological economics study? The answers are discussed in this chapter. It should be said that technological economics study exists in economy, in society, and in every field of people’s lives. Thus, the tasks of technological economics study are comprehensive, and the contents of technological economics study are varied. More details follow.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 5. Methods and Procedures of the Technological Economics Study
Abstract
What are the methods of the technological economics study? What are the procedures of the technological economics study? How can the technological economics study be conducted? What questions should be considered? These questions will be answered in this chapter. We will specially discuss the methods and procedures of technological economics study.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 6. Sub-disciplines of Technological Economics and the Relationship Between Technological Economics and Other Disciplines
Abstract
Is Technological Economics a large discipline or small one? If it is a large one, what are its sub-disciplines? What characteristics does Technological Economics have? Which disciplines have close relationships with Technological Economics? These are questions that will be answered in this chapter. This chapter covers the sub-disciplines of Technological Economics, the characteristics of Technological Economics, and the relationship between Technological Economics and other disciplines.
Shoubo Xu

Theories of Technological Economics

Frontmatter
Chapter 7. Theory of the Technological Economy Entity
Abstract
The seventh chapter, entitled Technological Economics in the Ten-Year National Scientific and Technological Development Plan (1963–1972), was developed because the Party Central Committee headed by Mao Zedong realized the urgency and the necessity of combining technology and the economy.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 8. Theory of Technological Economy Factors
Abstract
The author initially proposed four production factors, namely the labor force, investment, materials and resources, for calculating the total social labor consumption and the total social consumption cost in his research report about technological economics On Methodology in Technological Economics Study.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 9. Information Theory of the Technological Economy
Abstract
The information theory of the technological economy is one of the basic theories in technological economics. The author proposed the information principle of technological economy in the 4th edition of Technological Economics, published in 1988.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 10. Effect Theory of the Technological Economy
Abstract
The effect theory of the technological economy is one of the most important basic theories in technological economics. It is pointed out in Chap. 7 that all entities of the technological economy are entities of national economic production and social life.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 11. Evaluation Theory of the Technological Economy
Abstract
The evaluation theory of the technological economy is an important basic theory in technological economics.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 12. Comparison Theory of the Technological Economy
Abstract
Other than evaluating the economic effect of an individual technological scheme based on its cost and the benefit that it will generate, technological economics study needs to conduct comparisons among technological schemes and identify which has the best economic effect. The technological scheme comparison is an important aspect in any technological economics study. The comparison theory of the technological economy is an important theory. It consists of the principle of technological scheme comparison, the principle of demand-meeting comparison, the principle of consumption and cost comparison, the principle of price comparison, and the principle of time comparison.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 13. Optimization Theory of the Technological Economy
Abstract
It is well known that natural selection exists in nature. In a similar way, selection exists in technological economy, as well. There are numerous diverse technologies in the world, but their economic effects vary. Practice has proven that technologies with a bad economic effect usually die out in the process of technology development. In contrast, those with a good economic effect will survive and develop. This is called the “optimization of technological economy.” In daily life, things that lack consideration of the optimization of technological economy occur quite frequently.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 14. Control Theory of Technological Economy
Abstract
Technological economics is much like management. According to Robbins (1996), management means leading, planning, organizing, and control. The control theory of technological economy consists of open loop control, closed loop control, macro control, and micro control.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 15. Decision Making Theory of Technological Economy
Abstract
The decision making theory of the technological economy is one of the most important theories in technological economics. Decision making in a technological economy relies on prediction. Other than studying the past and present economic effects of technological schemes, technological economics also studies the economic rationality of future feasible technological schemes. Any research about the future depends on prediction. As such, studying any future technological economy relies on prediction, as well.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 16. Comprehensive Evaluation Theory of Technological Economy
Abstract
The term “comprehensive evaluation theory of the technological economy” is short for “the comprehensive evaluation theory of technological economy’s technological scheme.” It is one of the base theories in technological economics. The author provides his personal comments regarding the necessity of comprehensive evaluation, comprehensive evaluation theory, and development history, according to his experience.
Shoubo Xu

Research Methods of Technological Economics

Frontmatter
Chapter 17. Method for Establishing a Technological Economics Index System
Abstract
Technological economy indices are needed for assessing the economic benefit or the economic efficiency of technological schemes and for resolving technological economics problems. In practice, there are different categories and levels of technological economics indices, which consist many technological economics index systems. This chapter mainly covers how to establish a technological economics index system.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 18. Methods for Computing Technological Economy Indices
Abstract
The technological economics index system covered in Chap. 17 contains about 50 primary technological economy indices. This chapter discusses the calculation methods for each technological economy index individually. More specifically, these methods are for computing time factor, time indices, reasonable price, standard coefficients of economy indices, tax rate and interest rate, the investment and cost of technological schemes, the output and benefits of technological schemes, cost and benefits using shadow price, and the allocated expense of utilizing technological schemes comprehensively.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 19. Methods for Technological Economic Evaluation
Abstract
As the core of technological economics, methods for technological economic evaluation can be applied for assessing and improving firms’ economic benefits and economic efficiency, for evaluating and improving social economic benefits and economic efficiency, for evaluating economic effect of technological economic schemes, and for supporting decision.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 20. Methods for Comprehensive Evaluation
Abstract
Chapter 19 introduces methods for technological economic evaluation, including evaluation methods for the micro and the macro technological economy. Applications of these methods rely on documents and data about the technological economy. However, other than technological economic evaluation, technological schemes need evaluation from the perspectives of politics, national defense, society, culture, technology, economy, environment, and resources, in practice.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 21. Applications of Various Assessment Methods in the Technological Economy
Abstract
The previous chapter introduces the evaluation methods for technological schemes at the first level. This chapter introduces the evaluation methods for technological schemes at the second level. The techniques adopted in these methods include comparison, tabulation, figures, analysis, mathematics, computers, and surveying.
Shoubo Xu

Applications of Technological Economics

Frontmatter
Chapter 22. Applications of Technological Economics Theories and Methods
Abstract
This chapter presents the solutions for technological economics issues in different types with different characteristics. The main goal of this chapter is to explain how to apply technological economics in practice. The 21 examples explained in this chapter are not studies conducted by the author.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 23. Applications of Technological Economics
Abstract
This chapter is the second part of Part IV Application of technological economy. It includes the research results that the author has achieved regarding national demands in different periods. The research results have been adopted by some sections and some government administrations.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 24. Approaches and Measures for Improving Technological Economic Effect
Abstract
This chapter is the third part of the applications for technological economics. It focuses on the approaches and measures for improving the technological economic effect from an overall perspective. The ultimate goal for the applications of the technological economy is to improve the technological economic effect. Particularly, this chapter introduces ten approaches to improve the technological economic effect, the factors that impact the economic effect of firms and of society, and the methods for analyzing the economic effect of firms and society.
Shoubo Xu
Chapter 25. The New Discipline System of Management of the Big Technological Economy
Abstract
This is the fourth of part of the Section: Applications of the Technological Economy, the last chapter of this book. In this chapter, the author initially proposed the concept of big management science, as well as a new discipline system of management of the big technological economy.
Shoubo Xu
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Technological Economics
verfasst von
Shoubo Xu
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-15-8582-1
Print ISBN
978-981-15-8581-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8582-1