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Erschienen in:
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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. Tehran, the Scene of Modernity in the Pahlavi Dynasty: Modernisation and Urbanisation Processes 1925–1979

verfasst von : Azadeh Mashayekhi

Erschienen in: Urban Change in Iran

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In 1925 the Pahlavi monarchy (1925–1979) embarked on a project to create a new modern capital city while modernising Iranian society and creating a modern nation-state. This chapter presents a framework to analyse the transformation of the changing urban form of Tehran during this time. Two elements of this framework stand out; First, the concept of modernity, which emphasises the condition of continuous change in the city. The second element is surveying political geography of Tehran during this period and traces its link to social and urban transformation of the city. Hence this chapter uses several events and particular national development plans of Pahlavi dynasty since the end of the First World War till Islamic Revolution in Iran, in order to understand the impact of different kinds of policies and interactions with different kinds of place on shaping the form and life of Tehran. Ultimately this chapter illustrates the ways in which national modernisation projects of the Pahlavi dynasty produce a particular kind of city while at the same time produce a particular form of urban society.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Citizens as Drivers for Urban Change: Citizens’ Exhibition as Participatory Tool. The Case of Hashtgerd New Town
Nächstes Kapitel From Utopia to Dystopia: Shushtar-e-No, Endeavour Towards Paradigmatic Shift
Fußnoten
1
By modernisation we mean a new way of organising life and society; transformations of materialist civilisation- improvements in sewage system, pluming, transportation, and material efficiencies.
 
2
Secular nationalist elite mainly composed of military leaders succeeded in securing Iran’s interior from any remaining domestic and foreign threats, prominent bureaucrats, influential writers and journalists mostly educated in Europe.
 
3
Karaj Dam is located 60 km northwest of Tehran and 23 km north of Karaj. It was constructed on the Karaj River. The initial studies for Karaj Dam took 22 years completing in 1956 when formal proceedings began and Morrison-Knudsen Co. constructed the dam in the period from 1958 to 1961. The Karaj Dam was built as a multi-purpose dam to provide tap water for Tehran alongside agricultural water for Karaj. It supplies the irrigation demand of over 50,000 ha (120,000 acres) of farmlands near Karaj. The power plant has been connected to the national electricity grid for over 46 years and has a capacity of 90 MW. The lake behind the dam is a tourist attraction while being a natural habitat for rainbow trout. With its sailing and water-skiing facilities, the dam is a popular weekend summer resort.
 
4
Farmanfarmaian was from an aristocratic family and a graduate of the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Paris. He had established the first ‘consultant architects firm’ in the country after his return from Paris in 1950.
 
5
Victor Gruen was the Austrian-American architect and planner based in Los Angeles. By the early 1960s, He had shifted from designing malls to urban planning, and proposed an ideal diagram for a metropolitan region, resembling Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City.
 
6
In 1929 Iranian men and women were banned from wearing their ethnic and traditional costumes and they had to follow the ‘national style’. Based on this law men were required to wear Western-style suit with a new hat, designed based on the French military kepi, called Pahlavi hat. Women were banned to wear hijab and the police were arresting women who wore the veil.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Tehran, the Scene of Modernity in the Pahlavi Dynasty: Modernisation and Urbanisation Processes 1925–1979
verfasst von
Azadeh Mashayekhi
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Buch
Urban Change in Iran

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26113-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-26115-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26115-7_9