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Erschienen in:
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2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Temperature Compensation

verfasst von : Fabio Sebastiano, Lucien J. Breems, Kofi A. A. Makinwa

Erschienen in: Mobility-based Time References for Wireless Sensor Networks

Verlag: Springer New York

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Abstract

In Chap. 4, it has been shown that after a single-point trim at room temperature the output frequency of mobility-based oscillators is characterized by a strong temperature dependence, which is larger then ± 30% over the commercial temperature range from − 40 to + 85 ∘ C. However, if an ideal temperature compensation is applied, their inaccuracy is in the order of 1% over the same temperature range. As has been shown in Chap. 2, such inaccuracy is low enough for a large variety of applications, including Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes. This chapter discusses how to keep such level of inaccuracy when going from an ideal to a practical temperature compensation scheme.

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Vorheriges Kapitel A Mobility-Based Time Reference
Nächstes Kapitel Conclusions
Fußnoten
1
In package datasheets the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is also often reported, which for the simple model presented is equal to \({R}_{ja} = {R}_{jc} + {R}_{ja}\).
 
2
Throughout this chapter, the terms batch-calibration or correction (curvature correction, non-linear correction) refer to the procedure of estimating the average error of a production batch from the measurements of a limited number of samples from that batch, and by adjusting all individual samples in the same manner and by the same amount based on that estimate.
 
3
With reference to the symbols used in Sect. 5.6.4, for α = 18, the bs = 1 phase is the same as in the case α = 2, while the length in the bs = 0 phase has been assumed equal to \({T}_{1} + (\alpha - 1){T}_{2} = 50\,\mu \textrm{ s} + 17 \cdot 20\,\mu \textrm{ s} = 390\,\mu \textrm{ s}\).
 
4
A third or fourth-order polynomial would be sufficient to compensate for the third-order non-linearity of V be , which is usually the main residual non-linearity. A sixth-order polynomial is employed in this work to compensate the strong non-linearity at high temperature due to leakage.
 
5
Note that the order of the polynomials P 7( ⋅) and Q 4( ⋅) is the minimum required for the error due to the non-linearity of the compensation to be negligible compared to the spread among the samples.
 
6
The up-date rate of N { div} depends on the temperature variations rate in the chosen application.
 
7
Note that a faster sampling rate is adopted for the temperature sensor with respect to that (2.2 Sa/s) employed for the measurements presented in Sect. 5.7. Though this could result in a larger temperature error, it is allowed because, as shown earlier in this section, the full accuracy of the temperature sensor is not required for the reference’s compensation.
 
8
The time constant of the exponential settling is in this case τ2 = 180 s due to the lack of induced air flow on the sample and the consequent increase in thermal resistance R pkg .
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Temperature Compensation
verfasst von
Fabio Sebastiano
Lucien J. Breems
Kofi A. A. Makinwa
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer New York
Buch
Mobility-based Time References for Wireless Sensor Networks

Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3482-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-3483-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2013

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3483-2_5

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