Skip to main content

Tipp

Weitere Artikel dieser Ausgabe durch Wischen aufrufen

Erschienen in: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 11/2022

07.07.2022 | Original Paper

Tensile Strength of Cement-Treated Champlain Sea Clay

verfasst von: Jinyuan Liu, Kun Yang, Naresh Gurpersaud

Erschienen in: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering | Ausgabe 11/2022

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten
share
TEILEN

Abstract

Champlain Sea clay, a sensitive marine clay, is commonly found along the Saint Lawrence River basin in Eastern Canada. According to recent studies, cement is efficient in treating Champlain Sea clay. However, there is no information available regarding the tensile strength of cement-treated Champlain Sea clay. This paper presents an experimental investigation on its tensile strength using two indirect testing methods: the Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) test and the unconfined penetration (UP) test. The study shows that both the BTS test and the UP test can be easily implemented to study the tensile strength of cement-treated Champlain Sea clay. Compared to the UP test, the BTS test is recommended in future studies for its more consistent test results and more uniform sample failure modes. The tensile strength was correlated with the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of cement-treated Champlain Sea clay. Based on the BTS test results, the tensile strength can be estimated at approximately 7% of its compressive strength for cement-treated Champlain Sea clay.

Sie möchten Zugang zu diesem Inhalt erhalten? Dann informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 69.000 Bücher
  • über 500 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt 90 Tage mit der neuen Mini-Lizenz testen!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 50.000 Bücher
  • über 380 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe



 


Jetzt 90 Tage mit der neuen Mini-Lizenz testen!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Afroz M, Ahmad A, Sangiuliano T, Lesage K, Cavers W, Liu J (2018) Experimental Investigation of Cement Mixing to Improve Champlain Sea Clay: A Case Study. 71 st Canadian Geotechnical Conference Afroz M, Ahmad A, Sangiuliano T, Lesage K, Cavers W, Liu J (2018) Experimental Investigation of Cement Mixing to Improve Champlain Sea Clay: A Case Study. 71 st Canadian Geotechnical Conference
Zurück zum Zitat Akin ID, Likos WJ (2017) Brazilian tensile strength testing of compacted clay. Geotech Test J 40(4):608–617 Akin ID, Likos WJ (2017) Brazilian tensile strength testing of compacted clay. Geotech Test J 40(4):608–617
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Omar AJA (1983) Tensile strength of lime-stabilized cohesive soil. Master’s Thesis, University of Texas at El Paso, pp 61 Al-Omar AJA (1983) Tensile strength of lime-stabilized cohesive soil. Master’s Thesis, University of Texas at El Paso, pp 61
Zurück zum Zitat American Society for Testing and Materials (2016) ASTM D3967, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens. ASTM International American Society for Testing and Materials (2016) ASTM D3967, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens. ASTM International
Zurück zum Zitat American Society for Testing and Materials (2017) ASTM D1633. Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded Soil Cement Cylinders, ASTM International American Society for Testing and Materials (2017) ASTM D1633. Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded Soil Cement Cylinders, ASTM International
Zurück zum Zitat Bruce MEC, Berg RR, Collin JG, Filz GM, Terashi M, Yang DS (2013) Deep Mixing for Embankment and Foundation Support. FHWA-HRT-13–046, Federal Highway Administration Bruce MEC, Berg RR, Collin JG, Filz GM, Terashi M, Yang DS (2013) Deep Mixing for Embankment and Foundation Support. FHWA-HRT-13–046, Federal Highway Administration
Zurück zum Zitat Burn KN, Hamilton JJ (1968) Settlement of an embankment on Leda clay. Can Geotech J 5(1):16–27 CrossRef Burn KN, Hamilton JJ (1968) Settlement of an embankment on Leda clay. Can Geotech J 5(1):16–27 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen H (1985) Mechanical behavior of treated cohesive soil using cement hardening agent Doctoral Dissertation. National Central University, Taiwan Chen H (1985) Mechanical behavior of treated cohesive soil using cement hardening agent Doctoral Dissertation. National Central University, Taiwan
Zurück zum Zitat Consoli NC, Winter D, Rilho AS, Festugato L, dos Santos Teixeira B (2015) A testing procedure for predicting strength in artificially cemented soft soils. Eng Geol 195:327–334 CrossRef Consoli NC, Winter D, Rilho AS, Festugato L, dos Santos Teixeira B (2015) A testing procedure for predicting strength in artificially cemented soft soils. Eng Geol 195:327–334 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Crawford CB (1968) Quick clays of eastern Canada. Eng Geol 2(4):239–265 CrossRef Crawford CB (1968) Quick clays of eastern Canada. Eng Geol 2(4):239–265 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Eden WJ, Mitchell RJ (1970) The mechanics of landslides in Leda clay. Can Geotech J 7(3):285–296 CrossRef Eden WJ, Mitchell RJ (1970) The mechanics of landslides in Leda clay. Can Geotech J 7(3):285–296 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ewane MS, Silvestri V, James M (2020) The use of laboratory indentation testing to characterize Champlain Sea Clay. Geotech Geol Eng 38(6):6365–6383 Ewane MS, Silvestri V, James M (2020) The use of laboratory indentation testing to characterize Champlain Sea Clay. Geotech Geol Eng 38(6):6365–6383
Zurück zum Zitat Fang HY, Chen WF (1971) New method for determination of tensile strength of soils. Highway Research Board, 62–68 Fang HY, Chen WF (1971) New method for determination of tensile strength of soils. Highway Research Board, 62–68
Zurück zum Zitat Fang HY, Fernandez F (1981) Determination of tensile strength of soils by unconfined-penetration test. ASTM STP 740:130–144 Fang HY, Fernandez F (1981) Determination of tensile strength of soils by unconfined-penetration test. ASTM STP 740:130–144
Zurück zum Zitat Gaspar TAV, Jacobsz SW (2020) Brazilian Tensile Strength Test Conducted on Ductile Unsaturated Soil Samples. Geotech Test J 44(3):799–810 Gaspar TAV, Jacobsz SW (2020) Brazilian Tensile Strength Test Conducted on Ductile Unsaturated Soil Samples. Geotech Test J 44(3):799–810
Zurück zum Zitat Hudson WR, Kennedy TW (1968) An indirect tensile test for stabilized materials. University of Texas at Austin, Center for Highway Research Hudson WR, Kennedy TW (1968) An indirect tensile test for stabilized materials. University of Texas at Austin, Center for Highway Research
Zurück zum Zitat Karrow PF (1961) The Champlain Sea and its sediments. Soils in Canada: Geol Pedological Eng Stud 97–108 Karrow PF (1961) The Champlain Sea and its sediments. Soils in Canada: Geol Pedological Eng Stud 97–108
Zurück zum Zitat Kawasaki T (1981) Deep mixing method using cement hardening agent. Proc. of 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 721–724 Kawasaki T (1981) Deep mixing method using cement hardening agent. Proc. of 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 721–724
Zurück zum Zitat Kim TH, Kim TH, Kang GC, Ge L (2012) Factors influencing crack-induced tensile strength of compacted soil. J Mater Civ Eng 24(3):315–320 CrossRef Kim TH, Kim TH, Kang GC, Ge L (2012) Factors influencing crack-induced tensile strength of compacted soil. J Mater Civ Eng 24(3):315–320 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kitazume M, Terashi M (2013) The Deep Mixing Method, CRC press Kitazume M, Terashi M (2013) The Deep Mixing Method, CRC press
Zurück zum Zitat Koseki J, Tsutsumi Y, Namikawa T, Mihira S, Salas-Monge R, Sano Y, Nakajima S (2008) Shear and tensile properties of cement-treated sands and their application to mitigation of liquefaction-induced damage. Proc. of the 4th International Symposium on Deformational Characteristics of Geomaterials 27–50 Koseki J, Tsutsumi Y, Namikawa T, Mihira S, Salas-Monge R, Sano Y, Nakajima S (2008) Shear and tensile properties of cement-treated sands and their application to mitigation of liquefaction-induced damage. Proc. of the 4th International Symposium on Deformational Characteristics of Geomaterials 27–50
Zurück zum Zitat La Rochelle P, Chagnon JY, Lefebvre G (1970) Regional geology and landslides in the marine clay deposits of eastern Canada. Can Geotech J 7(2):145–156 CrossRef La Rochelle P, Chagnon JY, Lefebvre G (1970) Regional geology and landslides in the marine clay deposits of eastern Canada. Can Geotech J 7(2):145–156 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Law KT, Bozozuk M (1988) Engineering problems in Leda clay. International Conference of Engineering Problems of Regional Soils, Beijing China 775–792 Law KT, Bozozuk M (1988) Engineering problems in Leda clay. International Conference of Engineering Problems of Regional Soils, Beijing China 775–792
Zurück zum Zitat Leavell DA, Peters JF (1987) Uniaxial Tensile Test for Soil (No. WES/TR/GL-87–10), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Leavell DA, Peters JF (1987) Uniaxial Tensile Test for Soil (No. WES/TR/GL-87–10), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Zurück zum Zitat Li HD, Tang CS, Cheng Q, Li SJ, Gong XP, Shi B (2019) Tensile strength of clayey soil and the strain analysis based on image processing techniques. Eng Geol 253:137–148 CrossRef Li HD, Tang CS, Cheng Q, Li SJ, Gong XP, Shi B (2019) Tensile strength of clayey soil and the strain analysis based on image processing techniques. Eng Geol 253:137–148 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li K, Cheng Y, Yin ZY, Han D, Meng J (2020) Size effects in a transversely isotropic rock under brazilian tests: laboratory testing. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53(6):2623–2642 Li K, Cheng Y, Yin ZY, Han D, Meng J (2020) Size effects in a transversely isotropic rock under brazilian tests: laboratory testing. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53(6):2623–2642
Zurück zum Zitat Li S, Kirstein A, Gurpersaud N, Liu J (2016) Experimental investigation of cement mixing to improve Champlain Sea clay. 69 th Canadian Geotechnical Conference Li S, Kirstein A, Gurpersaud N, Liu J (2016) Experimental investigation of cement mixing to improve Champlain Sea clay. 69 th Canadian Geotechnical Conference
Zurück zum Zitat Liang Q, Wu X, Li C, Wang L (2014) Mechanical analysis using the unconfined penetration test on the tensile strength of Q3 loess around Lanzhou City, China. Eng Geol 183:324–329 CrossRef Liang Q, Wu X, Li C, Wang L (2014) Mechanical analysis using the unconfined penetration test on the tensile strength of Q3 loess around Lanzhou City, China. Eng Geol 183:324–329 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Liu J, Shi C, Afroz M, Kirstein A (2017) Numerical investigation of long-term settlement of Waba dam. Technical Report, Ryerson University, Canada Liu J, Shi C, Afroz M, Kirstein A (2017) Numerical investigation of long-term settlement of Waba dam. Technical Report, Ryerson University, Canada
Zurück zum Zitat Lo KY, Ho KS (1991) The effects of electroosmotic field treatment on the soil properties of a soft sensitive clay. Can Geotech J 28(6):763–770 CrossRef Lo KY, Ho KS (1991) The effects of electroosmotic field treatment on the soil properties of a soft sensitive clay. Can Geotech J 28(6):763–770 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Locat A, Leroueil S, Bernander S, Demers D, Jostad HP, Ouehb L (2011) Progressive failures in eastern Canadian and Scandinavian sensitive clays. Can Geotech J 48(11):1696–1712 CrossRef Locat A, Leroueil S, Bernander S, Demers D, Jostad HP, Ouehb L (2011) Progressive failures in eastern Canadian and Scandinavian sensitive clays. Can Geotech J 48(11):1696–1712 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Locat J, Bérubé MA, Choquette M (1990) Laboratory investigations on the lime stabilization of sensitive clays: shear strength development. Can Geotech J 27(3):294–304 CrossRef Locat J, Bérubé MA, Choquette M (1990) Laboratory investigations on the lime stabilization of sensitive clays: shear strength development. Can Geotech J 27(3):294–304 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marques MES, Leroueil S (2005) Preconsolidating clay deposit by vacuum and heating in cold environment. Ground Improvement – Case Histories, Edited by Buddhima Indraratna & Jian Chu 3: 1045-1063 Marques MES, Leroueil S (2005) Preconsolidating clay deposit by vacuum and heating in cold environment. Ground Improvement – Case Histories, Edited by Buddhima Indraratna & Jian Chu 3: 1045-1063
Zurück zum Zitat Monsif MY, Liu J, Gurpersaud N (2019) Fundamental mechanism of cement in stabilizing Champlain Sea clay. Proceedings of Geo-St. John’s, 1–8 Monsif MY, Liu J, Gurpersaud N (2019) Fundamental mechanism of cement in stabilizing Champlain Sea clay. Proceedings of Geo-St. John’s, 1–8
Zurück zum Zitat Monsif MY, Liu J, Gurpersaud N (2021b) Impact of salinity on strength and microstructure of cement-treated Champlain Sea clay. Mar Georesour Geotechnol 39(11):1360–1372 CrossRef Monsif MY, Liu J, Gurpersaud N (2021b) Impact of salinity on strength and microstructure of cement-treated Champlain Sea clay. Mar Georesour Geotechnol 39(11):1360–1372 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Morris PH, Graham J, Williams DJ (1992) Cracking in drying soils. Can Geotech J 29(2):263–277 CrossRef Morris PH, Graham J, Williams DJ (1992) Cracking in drying soils. Can Geotech J 29(2):263–277 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Namikawa T, Koseki J (2007) Evaluation of tensile strength of cement-treated sand based on several types of laboratory tests. Soils Found 47(4):657–674 CrossRef Namikawa T, Koseki J (2007) Evaluation of tensile strength of cement-treated sand based on several types of laboratory tests. Soils Found 47(4):657–674 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Newman DA, Bennett DG (1990) The effect of specimen size and stress rate for the Brazilian test- A statistical analysis. Rock Mech Rock Eng 23(2):123–134 CrossRef Newman DA, Bennett DG (1990) The effect of specimen size and stress rate for the Brazilian test- A statistical analysis. Rock Mech Rock Eng 23(2):123–134 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Quigley RM, Gwyn QHJ, White OL, Rowe RK, Haynes JE, Bohdanowicz A (1983) Leda clay from deep boreholes at Hawkesbury, Ontario. Part I: Geology and geotechnique. Can Geotech J 20(2):288–298 CrossRef Quigley RM, Gwyn QHJ, White OL, Rowe RK, Haynes JE, Bohdanowicz A (1983) Leda clay from deep boreholes at Hawkesbury, Ontario. Part I: Geology and geotechnique. Can Geotech J 20(2):288–298 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Quinn PE, Hutchinson DJ, Diederichs MS, Rowe RK (2011) Characteristics of large landslides in sensitive clay in relation to susceptibility, hazard, and risk. Can Geotech J 48(8):1212–1232 CrossRef Quinn PE, Hutchinson DJ, Diederichs MS, Rowe RK (2011) Characteristics of large landslides in sensitive clay in relation to susceptibility, hazard, and risk. Can Geotech J 48(8):1212–1232 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Terashi M (1980) Fundamental Properties of Lime and Cement Treated Soils. Report of PHRI 19(1):33–62 Terashi M (1980) Fundamental Properties of Lime and Cement Treated Soils. Report of PHRI 19(1):33–62
Zurück zum Zitat Terashi M (1997) Theme lecture: Deep mixing method-Brief state of the art. Proc. 14th International Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 4: 2475–2478 Terashi M (1997) Theme lecture: Deep mixing method-Brief state of the art. Proc. 14th International Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 4: 2475–2478
Zurück zum Zitat Thuro K, Plinninger RJ, Zäh S, Schütz S (2001) Scale effects in rock strength properties. Part 1: Unconfined compressive test and Brazilian test. ISRM Regional Symposium, EUROCK 2001:169–174 Thuro K, Plinninger RJ, Zäh S, Schütz S (2001) Scale effects in rock strength properties. Part 1: Unconfined compressive test and Brazilian test. ISRM Regional Symposium, EUROCK 2001:169–174
Zurück zum Zitat Topolnicki M (2013) In-situ soil mixing. Ground Improvement, 3rd Ed., 329–433 Topolnicki M (2013) In-situ soil mixing. Ground Improvement, 3rd Ed., 329–433
Zurück zum Zitat Voottipruex P, Suksawat T, Bergado DT, Jamsawang P (2011) Numerical simulations and parametric study of SDCM and DCM piles under full scale axial and lateral loads. Comput Geotech 38(3):318–329 CrossRef Voottipruex P, Suksawat T, Bergado DT, Jamsawang P (2011) Numerical simulations and parametric study of SDCM and DCM piles under full scale axial and lateral loads. Comput Geotech 38(3):318–329 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yu Y, Yin J, Zhong Z (2006) Shape effects in the Brazilian tensile strength test and a 3D FEM correction. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 43(4):623–627 CrossRef Yu Y, Yin J, Zhong Z (2006) Shape effects in the Brazilian tensile strength test and a 3D FEM correction. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 43(4):623–627 CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Tensile Strength of Cement-Treated Champlain Sea Clay
verfasst von
Jinyuan Liu
Kun Yang
Naresh Gurpersaud
Publikationsdatum
07.07.2022
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering / Ausgabe 11/2022
Print ISSN: 0960-3182
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-1529
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02226-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11/2022

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 11/2022 Zur Ausgabe