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2018 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Terrestrial-Satellite Communication Networks

Transceivers Design and Resource Allocation

verfasst von: Linling Kuang, Chunxiao Jiang, Prof. Yi Qian, Jianhua Lu

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Wireless Networks

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book targets major issues in terrestrial-satellite communication networks and presents the solutions. While the terrestrial networks can achieve high-speed data service at low cost, satellite based access is one way to complement terrestrial based networks to ensure ubiquitous, 100% geographic coverage. The coexistence and cooperation between terrestrial and satellite networks are of great potential in future communication networks, and satellite radio access networks has already been considered in the fifth-generation (5G) networks to be supported for phase 2. Therefore, it is important to study the architectures of terrestrial-satellite networks, as well as the possible techniques and challenges.

The authors introduce the technique of beamforming in satellite communication systems, which is an efficient transmitting method for multiple access, and they discuss the main challenges as well as prospective applications. The authors introduce possible methods for interference cancelation reception in terrestrial-satellite communication networks when reusing the frequency band between the two networks. Due to the limitation of spectrum resources, spectrum sharing will become one of the important issues in terrestrial-satellite communication networks. The problems of spectrum coexistence between GEO and Terrestrial Systems and between GEO and NEGO systems are also discussed.

Finally, taking both the two system into consideration, the resource allocation problem will be more complex due to the coupling between resources and the interference. Based on this, the authors propose several resource allocation schemes in different scenarios of terrestrial-satellite communication networks, which can optimize the capacity performance of the system. The expected audience for this book includes (but not limited to) graduate students, professors, researchers, scientists, practitioners, engineers, industry managers, and government researchers working in the field of satellite communications and networks.

The expected audience for this book includes (but not limited to) graduate students, professors, researchers, scientists, practitioners, engineers, industry managers, and government researchers working in the field of satellite communications and networks.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The rapid growing data traffic brings more and more pressure to the wireless networks, which is predicted to increase by over 10,000 times in the next 20 years. In order to improve the system capacity and satisfy the increasing demands, ultra-dense networks (HetUDNs), massive MIMO, and new spectrum of millimeter wave band are considered as promising methods in future terrestrial networks, especially for the fifth generation (5G). Meanwhile, mobile service coverage is also crucial for the development and economics. However, currently, there are still large number of population without coverage of mobile service. By 2015, there are about 71% rural population that are not yet covered. Furthermore, for the less developed countries, the population that have access to mobile broadband service is only 12%. In addition to the issue of coverage, future wireless networks also need to guarantee the service continuity for emerging services such as Machine-to-Machine and Internet of Things. Many emerging scenarios, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control, pipeline monitoring, or global container tracking, require the aid of wireless networks. However, existing networks are severely hindering these services from achieving their true potentials. Considering the deficiency in existing wireless networks nowadays, ubiquitous on-demand coverage is the key to ensure service continuity in future communication paradigm.
Linling Kuang, Chunxiao Jiang, Yi Qian, Jianhua Lu
Chapter 2. Beamforming Transmission
Abstract
Multi-beam Satellites have been widely adopted in current satellite communication systems due to its energy efficiency and potential for frequency reuse. Recently, array multi-beam antennas have drawn more attention for the possible applications of digital beamforming techniques. In this chapter, we discuss the main challenges when applying beamforming to satellite communication systems and introduce several prospective applications of satellite beamforming technology. Then, a multimedia multicast beamforming method for the integrated terrestrial-satellite network is proposed, in which base stations (BSs) and the satellite work cooperatively to provide ubiquitous service for ground users. Due to the content diversity of multimedia services, users that require the same contents will be served as a group using multicasting. With multiple transmit antennas, multicast beamforming is executed among groups while reusing the entire bandwidth. Finally, a practical work of Smart Communication Satellite (SCS), the Chinese first low-earth-orbit communication satellite, is presented briefly.
Linling Kuang, Chunxiao Jiang, Yi Qian, Jianhua Lu
Chapter 3. Interference Cancelation Reception
Abstract
The integrated and/or hybrid satellite and terrestrial network has become more and more important because of its broad application prospect and has received considerable attention. At the same time, the integrated network also brings many challenges, especially the problem of interference. Due to the lack of frequency spectrum, frequency reuse is considered in the satellite network and the terrestrial network for enhancing spectral efficiency. However, this will cause considerable Co-Channel Interference (CCI) and thus interference coordination is imperative. In this chapter, we propose an interference coordination scheme for the integrated satellite and terrestrial network. The satellite sends pilots for channel estimation at terrestrial base-stations, and transmits the received data to the terrestrial gateway. Then interference coordination is performed at the terrestrial gateway, where the interference channel is updated according to both the estimated information and the predicted change based on the positions. Furthermore, based on the scheme, we analyze the precision that needs to be reached and obtain a direct view on how the precision may influence the system performance.
Linling Kuang, Chunxiao Jiang, Yi Qian, Jianhua Lu
Chapter 4. Spectrum Sharing
Abstract
In the fifth-generation (5G) networks, millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands have drawn great attention for the large amount of possible bandwidth. Meanwhile, satellite communications have also shown great interest in the mmWave bands, especially the Ka band. Under such a circumstance, the spectrum sharing between the satellite and terrestrial communication systems becomes prominent. In this chapter, we analyze the interference caused by terrestrial cellular systems to the geostationary (GEO) system in two transmission modes. In order to protect the GEO system, we construct a protection radius where the terrestrial transmitters must locate outside. Then, in the scenario of spectrum coexistence between geostationary (GEO) and non-geostationary (NGEO) satellite systems, we discovers and investigates the issue of blind spot where the spectrum awareness techniques may fail to identify the spectrum holes. Both the uplink and downlink transmissions are analyzed and three key parameters, i.e. altitude of NGEO satellites and antenna patterns of NGEO and GEO earth stations, are considered.
Linling Kuang, Chunxiao Jiang, Yi Qian, Jianhua Lu
Chapter 5. Spectrum Sensing
Abstract
Cognitive radio has emerged as an efficient approach to implement reuse of the licensed spectrums. Among the cognitive radio technologies, cooperative spectrum sensing has been corroborated to be an effective approach to counter channel fading. In this chapter, we consider the terrestrial system as secondary user (SU) and the satellite system as primary user (PU), where secondary terrestrial users attempt to sense and access the primary satellite systems’ licensed spectrum. We first advance a strategy for SUs to search available spectrums with asynchronous MAC-layer sensing. With this method, the SUs do not need to know the communication mechanisms in satellite network when dynamically accessing. Then, we discuss the asynchronous cooperative sensing situation, and derive the optimal sensing parameters under such asynchronous scenario. Finally, we propose a density control mechanism for managing number of terrestrial secondary transmitters around one satellite ground station in order to guarantee that the primary communications are not interfered. Note that in the remaining of this section, all the “SUs” refer to the terrestrial unlicensed users and all the “PUs” refer to the licensed satellite systems.
Linling Kuang, Chunxiao Jiang, Yi Qian, Jianhua Lu
Chapter 6. Multiple Access Resource Allocation
Abstract
The increasing traffic demand in both ground and satellite communication systems will lead to increasing spectrum demand. Spectrum sharing would become a challenging issue in future between terrestrial and satellite systems with frequency reusing, which would lead to co-channel interference. In this case, it is of great importance to allocate the system resources reasonably to optimize the system performance. Upon this, we propose two resource allocation schemes for two multiple access integrated system. First, we investigate the problem of interference controlling and power allocation in a terrestrial-satellite spectrum sharing network. In order to protect the terrestrial users, interference temperature limit is introduced for the satellite to control the interference caused to BS users. Then, under this constraint, we maximize the total capacity of the satellite system and obtain the optimal power allocation scheme. Second, we propose the concept of the Cloud Based Integrated Terrestrial-Satellite Network (CTSN), where both base stations of the cellular networks and the satellite are connected to a cloud central unit and the signal processing procedures are executed centrally at the cloud. By utilizing the channel state information (CSI), the interference from the mixed signal can be mitigated. When it comes to the case of imperfect CSI, we propose a resource allocation scheme in respect to subchannel and power to maximize the total capacity of the terrestrial system.
Linling Kuang, Chunxiao Jiang, Yi Qian, Jianhua Lu
Chapter 7. Conclusions and Future Challenges
Abstract
This book mainly discusses the architectures of terrestrial-satellite networks as well as the possible techniques and challenges.
Linling Kuang, Chunxiao Jiang, Yi Qian, Jianhua Lu
Metadaten
Titel
Terrestrial-Satellite Communication Networks
verfasst von
Linling Kuang
Chunxiao Jiang
Prof. Yi Qian
Jianhua Lu
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-61768-8
Print ISBN
978-3-319-61767-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61768-8

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