1 Antecedents of the International Consortium on Landslides
World Landslide Fora | Goals | Main Outcome | Linkages to the International Agenda on DRR |
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WLF1, Tokyo, Japan, 2008 | Promotion of research and exchange of experience through open forums, symposia, and workshops Advances and achievements of IPL in terms of technology development, targeted landslides: mechanisms and impacts, capacity building, and mitigation, preparedness, and recovery | The 2008 Tokyo Declaration, Strengthening the International Program on Landslides (IPL) with UNISDR
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Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters
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WLF2, Rome, Italy, 2011 Putting science into practice | Providing a global cross-cutting information and cooperation platform with which all diverse stakeholders can contribute to landslide research, practice, education, and decision making, to strengthen landslide and other related Earth system risk reduction strategies The actual implementation of technology and research in everyday applications and procedures with the direct involvement of researchers, engineers, private enterprises, stakeholders, as well as policy and decision makers as a major endeavor |
Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters
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WLF3, Beijing, China, 2014 Towards a safer geo-environment | Providing an information and academic exchange platform for landslide researchers and practitioners by creating an opportunity to promote worldwide cooperation and to share new theories, technologies, and methods in the fields of landslide survey/investigation, monitoring, early warning, prevention, and emergency management | The 2014 Beijing Declaration (BD), Landslide Risk Mitigation: Toward a Safer Geoenvironment
| The BD aiming at establishing the ICL-IPL Sendai Partnerships at the 2015 World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR), Sendai, Japan, March 2015 |
WLF4, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2017 Landslide research and risk reduction for advancing the culture of living with natural hazards | Contributing to the ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015–2025 for disaster risk reduction, and stressing society’s attitude to landslides Strengthening advances in landslide science and technology, diversity of landslide forms, and landslides in different environments | The 2017 Ljubljana Declaration |
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
The 2030 Agenda—Sustainable Development Goals
The 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015–2025 for disaster risk reduction |
2 The 4th World Landslide Forum, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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addressed the challenges of landslide disaster risk. They examined how landslide knowledge, technology, and investigation can be enhanced and applied to reduce vulnerability and exposure and to build the resilience of persons, communities, and countries to landslide disasters that, like other disasters triggered by natural hazards, undermine efforts to achieve the sustainable development goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; noted that landslides are a complex natural phenomenon of many types and varieties that can be triggered by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, heavy and recurrent rainfall, typhoons, hurricanes, wildfires, snowmelt, sometimes exacerbated by anthropogenic activities and developments such as construction of roads and waterworks and mining. They recalled that submarine landslides are able to generate tsunamis and represent a major hazard to coastal areas;
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underlined that landslides, which occur on land and at sea, continue to pose considerable risks to humankind, to human settlements, and to livelihoods and economies in mountains, cities, coasts, and islands. They further emphasized that people most exposed to, and affected by, landslide disasters are disproportionately the poor, marginalized, and vulnerable, including women and children;
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cautioned that climate change and variability are expected to increasingly affect the frequency and extent of heavy rainfall and wildfires at local and regional levels with an enhanced potential for landslide occurrence. The combined effects of natural phenomena and human adverse activities, which are often associated with a rise in the vulnerability and exposure of urban and rural settlements and agglomerations, are increasing landslide risk throughout the world;
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reiterated that understanding landslides, their associated risks, and the vulnerability of societies requires an integrated and multidisciplinary approach that includes contributions from natural, social, and engineering sciences as well as local and traditional knowledge;
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recognized and welcomed the ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015–2025 for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk that was adopted as a voluntary commitment to the United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Sendai, Japan, 14–18 March 2015. Forum attendees affirmed that this partnership is a supporting tool for the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. They greet and commend the numerous partners who have adhered to these partnership relationships. They recognize, with great satisfaction, the progress made by the Partnerships during the first biennium of its life. Participants committed themselves to pursue and support further implementation of partnership interactions, including through building on the 2012 ICL Strategic Plan 2012–2021;
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recognized with deep appreciation the concrete actions and cooperative activities carried out by the ICL family, which include (but are not limited to) pathways created through ICL members, the IPL, and the IPL projects, the ICL supporting organizations, the ICL regional and thematic networks, the ICL World Centres of Excellence on Landslide Risk Reduction, the ICL University Twinning (UNITWIN) Cooperation Programme in the framework of the UNITWIN/UNESCO Chairs Programme, the Landslide School Network,3 and the Landslides journal and other ICL publications. Forum activists valued the most recent output, which is illustrated by the ISDR-ICL Landslide Interactive Teaching Tools;
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reiterated their call upon related governmental, nongovernmental, and international programs and initiatives from natural, engineering, human, social, and economical sciences, public and private, to continue promoting science and technology and their applications to landslide disaster risk mitigation by supporting and joining the ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships;
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looked forward to the initiation and furthering of the processes that lead to the organization of the 5th World Landslide Forum (WLF5) in 2020;
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believe that, in the perspective of, and during the preparations for WLF5, an opportunity must be found to mobilize (in the medium and long term) a global alliance that can accelerate and incentivize action for landslide risk reduction. They therefore urge putting in place a mechanism to that effect and call for a commitment, the Kyoto 2020 Commitment for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk, to be finalized during the preparatory activities for WLF5 and adopted during WLF5 in order to serve this purpose;
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therefore, submitted the 2017 Ljubljana Declaration on Landslide Risk Reduction to UNISDR for endorsement as a further commitment on the part of the global landslide community to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.