Skip to main content
Erschienen in: The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 3/2018

16.01.2018

The Anatomy of Public and Private Real Estate Return Premia

verfasst von: Tim A. Kroencke, Felix Schindler, Bertram I. Steininger

Erschienen in: The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics | Ausgabe 3/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Market-wide, stock market specific, and real estate market specific risk – what kind of risk and to which extent drives the returns of listed real estate? Based on a structural asset pricing model calibrated to the empirical data in the U.S., we show that at least two thirds of the risk premium of listed real estate are driven by the same factors as direct real estate. Our results shed new light on the risk-characteristics of listed real estate returns and are of high interest for academics, regulators, and portfolio managers alike.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Fußnoten
1
By using U.K. data from January 1979 to December 1982, Brown (1997) shows that an investor has to hold 100 properties to explain about 90% of the variation in portfolio returns. However, the market average of institutional investors with about 30 properties can only explain about 75%.
 
4
See http://​www.​russell.​com for a detailed description of the index.
 
5
Koijen et al. (2017) characterize the relationship between business cycle risk, the bond risk premium, and the value premium of common stocks.
 
6
The real estate returns are reported to NCREIF on an unlevered basis. For a detailed description of the methodology for producing the transactions-based index (TBI) using the NCREIF database, see Fisher et al. (2007).
 
7
For this approximation, we use the data of total debt and equity of Equity REITs between 1990 and 2010 obtained from SNL Financial. The precise ratio rounded to three decimal places is 1.995.
 
8
They calibrate the state variable according to the Cochrane and Piazzesi (2005) factor.
 
9
Computational details are provided in the ??.
 
10
The slightly larger business cycle risk of listed real estate compared to that of stocks is consistent with the fact that these companies are value and small / mid cap stocks (see Koijen et al. (2017)).
 
11
Notice that this transaction lag is distinct from the smoothing lag induced by the appraisal-based estimation process.
 
12
The sample is based on 177 transactions between 1995 and 2002 of three institutional investors.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson, R., Clayton, J., MacKinnon, G., & Sharma, R. (2005). REIT Returns and pricing: the small cap value stock factor. Journal of Property Research, 22(4), 267–286.CrossRef Anderson, R., Clayton, J., MacKinnon, G., & Sharma, R. (2005). REIT Returns and pricing: the small cap value stock factor. Journal of Property Research, 22(4), 267–286.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ang, A., Nabar, N., & Wald, S.J. (2013). Searching for a common factor in public and private real estate returns. Journal of Portfolio Management, 39(5), 120–133.CrossRef Ang, A., Nabar, N., & Wald, S.J. (2013). Searching for a common factor in public and private real estate returns. Journal of Portfolio Management, 39(5), 120–133.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Barkham, R., & Geltner, D. (1995). Price discovery in American and British property markets. Real Estate Economics, 23(1), 21–44.CrossRef Barkham, R., & Geltner, D. (1995). Price discovery in American and British property markets. Real Estate Economics, 23(1), 21–44.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bond, S.A., Hwang, S., Lin, Z., & Vandell, K.D. (2007). Marketing period risk in a portfolio context: comment and extension. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 38(2), 447–461.CrossRef Bond, S.A., Hwang, S., Lin, Z., & Vandell, K.D. (2007). Marketing period risk in a portfolio context: comment and extension. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 38(2), 447–461.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Boudry, W.I., Coulson, N.E., Kallberg, J.G., & Liu, C.H. (2012). On the hybrid nature of REITs. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 44(1-2), 230–249.CrossRef Boudry, W.I., Coulson, N.E., Kallberg, J.G., & Liu, C.H. (2012). On the hybrid nature of REITs. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 44(1-2), 230–249.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, G.R. (1997). Reducing the dispersion of returns in U.K. real estate portfolios. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 3(2), 1–12. Brown, G.R. (1997). Reducing the dispersion of returns in U.K. real estate portfolios. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 3(2), 1–12.
Zurück zum Zitat Byrne, P., & Lee, S. (1995). Is there a place for property in the multi-asset portfolio?. Journal of Property Finance, 6(3), 60–83.CrossRef Byrne, P., & Lee, S. (1995). Is there a place for property in the multi-asset portfolio?. Journal of Property Finance, 6(3), 60–83.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Byrne, P., & Lee, S. (2005). The impact of real estate on the terminal wealth of U.K. mixed-asset portfolios: 1972-2001. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 11(2), 133–145. Byrne, P., & Lee, S. (2005). The impact of real estate on the terminal wealth of U.K. mixed-asset portfolios: 1972-2001. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 11(2), 133–145.
Zurück zum Zitat Campbell, J.Y., Lo, A.W., & MacKinlay, A.C. (1997). The econometrics of financial markets, 2nd edn. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Campbell, J.Y., Lo, A.W., & MacKinlay, A.C. (1997). The econometrics of financial markets, 2nd edn. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Chua, A. (1999). The role of international real estate in global mixed-asset investment portfolios. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 5(2), 129–137. Chua, A. (1999). The role of international real estate in global mixed-asset investment portfolios. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 5(2), 129–137.
Zurück zum Zitat Clayton, J., & MacKinnon, G. (2001). The time-varying nature of the link between REIT, real estate and financial asset returns. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 7(1), 43–54. Clayton, J., & MacKinnon, G. (2001). The time-varying nature of the link between REIT, real estate and financial asset returns. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 7(1), 43–54.
Zurück zum Zitat Clayton, J., & MacKinnon, G. (2003). The relative importance of stock, bond and real estate factors in explaining REIT returns. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 27(1), 39–60.CrossRef Clayton, J., & MacKinnon, G. (2003). The relative importance of stock, bond and real estate factors in explaining REIT returns. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 27(1), 39–60.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cochrane, J.H., & Piazzesi, M. (2005). Bond risk premia. American Economic Review, 95(1), 138–160.CrossRef Cochrane, J.H., & Piazzesi, M. (2005). Bond risk premia. American Economic Review, 95(1), 138–160.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Crosby, N., & McAllister, P. (2004). Deconstructing the transaction process: an analysis of fund transaction data. In Lizieri, C. (Ed.) Liquidity in commercial property: Research findings. London: Investment Property Forum. Crosby, N., & McAllister, P. (2004). Deconstructing the transaction process: an analysis of fund transaction data. In Lizieri, C. (Ed.) Liquidity in commercial property: Research findings. London: Investment Property Forum.
Zurück zum Zitat Eichholtz, P.M. (1996). Does international diversification work better for real estate than for stocks and bonds?. Financial Analysts Journal, 52(1), 56–62.CrossRef Eichholtz, P.M. (1996). Does international diversification work better for real estate than for stocks and bonds?. Financial Analysts Journal, 52(1), 56–62.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Eichholtz, P.M., & Hartzell, D.J. (1996). Property shares and the stock market: an international perspective. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 12(2), 163–178.CrossRef Eichholtz, P.M., & Hartzell, D.J. (1996). Property shares and the stock market: an international perspective. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 12(2), 163–178.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Firstenberg, P.M., Ross, S.A., & Zisler, R.C. (1988). Real estate: the whole story. Journal of Portfolio Management, 14(3), 22–32.CrossRef Firstenberg, P.M., Ross, S.A., & Zisler, R.C. (1988). Real estate: the whole story. Journal of Portfolio Management, 14(3), 22–32.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher, J., Gatzlaff, D., Geltner, D., & Haurin, D. (2004). An analysis of the determinants of transaction frequency of institutional commercial real estate investment property. Real Estate Economics, 32(2), 239–264.CrossRef Fisher, J., Gatzlaff, D., Geltner, D., & Haurin, D. (2004). An analysis of the determinants of transaction frequency of institutional commercial real estate investment property. Real Estate Economics, 32(2), 239–264.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher, J., Geltner, D., & Pollakowski, H. (2007). A quarterly transactions-based index of institutional real estate investment performance and movements in supply and demand. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 34(1), 5–33.CrossRef Fisher, J., Geltner, D., & Pollakowski, H. (2007). A quarterly transactions-based index of institutional real estate investment performance and movements in supply and demand. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 34(1), 5–33.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Geltner, D. (1993). Estimating market values from appraised values without assuming an efficient market. Journal of Real Estate Research, 8(3), 325–345. Geltner, D. (1993). Estimating market values from appraised values without assuming an efficient market. Journal of Real Estate Research, 8(3), 325–345.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghysels, E., Plazzi, A., Valkanov, R., & Torous, W. (2013). Forecasting real estate prices. In Elliott, G., & Timmermann, A. (Eds.) Handbook of Economic Forecasting, Vol. 2A. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Ghysels, E., Plazzi, A., Valkanov, R., & Torous, W. (2013). Forecasting real estate prices. In Elliott, G., & Timmermann, A. (Eds.) Handbook of Economic Forecasting, Vol. 2A. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Zurück zum Zitat Giliberto, S.M. (1990). Equity real estate investment trusts and real estate returns. Journal of Real Estate Research, 5(2), 259–263. Giliberto, S.M. (1990). Equity real estate investment trusts and real estate returns. Journal of Real Estate Research, 5(2), 259–263.
Zurück zum Zitat Goetzmann, W.N., & Ibbotson, R.G. (1990). The performance of real estate as an asset class. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 3(1), 65–76.CrossRef Goetzmann, W.N., & Ibbotson, R.G. (1990). The performance of real estate as an asset class. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 3(1), 65–76.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hoesli, M., & Oikarinen, E. (2012). Are REITs real estate? Evidence from international sector level data. Journal of International Money and Finance, 31(7), 1823–1850.CrossRef Hoesli, M., & Oikarinen, E. (2012). Are REITs real estate? Evidence from international sector level data. Journal of International Money and Finance, 31(7), 1823–1850.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hoesli, M., Lekander, J., & Witkiewicz, W. (2004). International evidence on real estate as a portfolio diversifier. Journal of Real Estate Research, 26(2), 161–206. Hoesli, M., Lekander, J., & Witkiewicz, W. (2004). International evidence on real estate as a portfolio diversifier. Journal of Real Estate Research, 26(2), 161–206.
Zurück zum Zitat Koijen, R.S., Lustig, H., & Nieuwerburgh, S.V. (2017). The cross-section and time series of stock and bond returns. Journal of Monetary Economics, 88, 50–69.CrossRef Koijen, R.S., Lustig, H., & Nieuwerburgh, S.V. (2017). The cross-section and time series of stock and bond returns. Journal of Monetary Economics, 88, 50–69.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kroencke, T.A., & Schindler, F. (2012). International diversification with securitized real estate and the veiling glare from currency risk. Journal of International Money and Finance, 31(7), 1851– 1866.CrossRef Kroencke, T.A., & Schindler, F. (2012). International diversification with securitized real estate and the veiling glare from currency risk. Journal of International Money and Finance, 31(7), 1851– 1866.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li, Y., & Wang, K. (1995). The predictability of reit returns and market segmentation. Journal of Real Estate Research, 10(4), 471–482. Li, Y., & Wang, K. (1995). The predictability of reit returns and market segmentation. Journal of Real Estate Research, 10(4), 471–482.
Zurück zum Zitat Ling, D.C., & Naranjo, A. (2015). Returns and information transmission dynamics in public and private real estate markets. Real Estate Economics, 43(1), 163–208.CrossRef Ling, D.C., & Naranjo, A. (2015). Returns and information transmission dynamics in public and private real estate markets. Real Estate Economics, 43(1), 163–208.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ling, D.C., Naranjo, A., & Ryngaert, M.D. (2000). The predictability of equity REIT returns: time variation and economic significance. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 20(2), 117–136.CrossRef Ling, D.C., Naranjo, A., & Ryngaert, M.D. (2000). The predictability of equity REIT returns: time variation and economic significance. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 20(2), 117–136.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Liu, C.H., & Mei, J. (1992). The predictability of returns on equity reits and their co-movement with other assets. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 5(4), 401–418.CrossRef Liu, C.H., & Mei, J. (1992). The predictability of returns on equity reits and their co-movement with other assets. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 5(4), 401–418.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Liu, C.H., Hartzell, D.J., Greig, W., & Grissom, T.V. (1990). The integration of the real estate market and the stock market: some preliminary evidence. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 3(3), 261–282.CrossRef Liu, C.H., Hartzell, D.J., Greig, W., & Grissom, T.V. (1990). The integration of the real estate market and the stock market: some preliminary evidence. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 3(3), 261–282.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat MacGregor, B.D., & Nanthakumaran, N. (1992). The allocation to property in the multi-asset portfolio: the evidence and theory reconsidered. Journal of Property Research, 9(1), 5–32.CrossRef MacGregor, B.D., & Nanthakumaran, N. (1992). The allocation to property in the multi-asset portfolio: the evidence and theory reconsidered. Journal of Property Research, 9(1), 5–32.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mei, J., & Lee, A. (1994). Is there a real estate factor premium?. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 9(2), 113–126.CrossRef Mei, J., & Lee, A. (1994). Is there a real estate factor premium?. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 9(2), 113–126.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Morawski, J., Rehkugler, H., & Füss, R. (2008). The nature of listed real estate companies: property or equity market?. Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, 22(2), 101–126.CrossRef Morawski, J., Rehkugler, H., & Füss, R. (2008). The nature of listed real estate companies: property or equity market?. Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, 22(2), 101–126.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Newell, G., & Worzala, E. (1995). The role of international property in investment portfolios. Journal of Property Finance, 6(1), 55–63.CrossRef Newell, G., & Worzala, E. (1995). The role of international property in investment portfolios. Journal of Property Finance, 6(1), 55–63.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oikarinen, E., Hoesli, M., & Serrano, C. (2011). The long-run dynamics between direct and securitized real estate. Journal of Real Estate Research, 33(1), 73–103. Oikarinen, E., Hoesli, M., & Serrano, C. (2011). The long-run dynamics between direct and securitized real estate. Journal of Real Estate Research, 33(1), 73–103.
Zurück zum Zitat Pagliari, J.J.L., Scherer, K.A., & Monopoli, R.T. (2005). Public versus private real estate equities: a more refined, long-term comparison. Real Estate Economics, 33 (1), 147–187.CrossRef Pagliari, J.J.L., Scherer, K.A., & Monopoli, R.T. (2005). Public versus private real estate equities: a more refined, long-term comparison. Real Estate Economics, 33 (1), 147–187.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Plazzi, A., Torous, W., & Valkanov, R. (2011). Exploiting property characteristics in commercial real estate portfolio allocation. Journal of Portfolio Management, 35(5), 39–50.CrossRef Plazzi, A., Torous, W., & Valkanov, R. (2011). Exploiting property characteristics in commercial real estate portfolio allocation. Journal of Portfolio Management, 35(5), 39–50.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ross, S.A., & Zisler, R.C. (1991). Risk and return in real estate. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 4(2), 175–190.CrossRef Ross, S.A., & Zisler, R.C. (1991). Risk and return in real estate. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 4(2), 175–190.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Seiler, M.J., Webb, J.R., & Myer, F.C.N. (1999). Are EREITs real estate? Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 5(2), 171–181. Seiler, M.J., Webb, J.R., & Myer, F.C.N. (1999). Are EREITs real estate? Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 5(2), 171–181.
Zurück zum Zitat Stevenson, S. (2000). International real estate diversification: empirical tests using hedged indices. Journal of Real Estate Research, 19(1), 105–131. Stevenson, S. (2000). International real estate diversification: empirical tests using hedged indices. Journal of Real Estate Research, 19(1), 105–131.
Zurück zum Zitat Yunus, N., Hansz, J.A., & Kennedy, P.J. (2012). Dynamic interactions between private and public real estate markets: some international evidence. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 45(4), 1021–1040.CrossRef Yunus, N., Hansz, J.A., & Kennedy, P.J. (2012). Dynamic interactions between private and public real estate markets: some international evidence. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 45(4), 1021–1040.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ziobrowski, J.A., & Curcio, R.J. (1991). Diversification benefits of U.S. real estate to foreign investors. Journal of Real Estate Research, 6(2), 119–142. Ziobrowski, J.A., & Curcio, R.J. (1991). Diversification benefits of U.S. real estate to foreign investors. Journal of Real Estate Research, 6(2), 119–142.
Metadaten
Titel
The Anatomy of Public and Private Real Estate Return Premia
verfasst von
Tim A. Kroencke
Felix Schindler
Bertram I. Steininger
Publikationsdatum
16.01.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0895-5638
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-045X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11146-017-9646-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2018

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 3/2018 Zur Ausgabe