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Quality & Quantity

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07.01.2017

The application of a topological clustering technique to capture forms and dynamics of deprivation in contemporary Switzerland

verfasst von: Mario Lucchini, Christine Butti, Sara Della Bella, Angela Lisi

Erschienen in: Quality & Quantity | Ausgabe 1/2018

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Abstract

This paper proposes the application of an innovative technique of clustering and projection—the Self-Organizing Map—in order to identify multidimensional patterns of deprivation in contemporary Switzerland. Starting from a rich set of non-monetary indicators from the Swiss Household Panel, a topological map has been extrapolated. This map is composed of 32 micro-clusters that are subsequently grouped into four macro-clusters, each of which expresses a specific profile. The analysis carried out indicates that about one out of two individuals living in Switzerland enjoy a state of multidimensional well-being, one in three shows signs of slight vulnerability, one in five is in a condition of consistent vulnerability and one in twenty is deprived. After having outlined the space of multidimensional patterns, the movements of these individuals have been reconstructed from 1999 to 2012 and the role of “true path dependence’ have been measured.

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Other perspectives that expand further the neoclassical approach are the ‘quality of life approach’ (Cantril 1965; Allardt 1976; Andrews and Withey 1976), the ‘capabilities approach’ (Sen 1985) and the ‘economics of happiness’ (Kahneman et al. 2007; Kahneman and Krueger 2006; Frey and Stutzer 2002; Easterlin 2001; Van Praag and Ferrer-i-Carbonell 2004; Veenhoven 2005; Clark and Oswald 1994).

There is another study applying clusters analysis to panel data (Ferro Luzzi et al. 2008), however it did not fully exploit the potential of longitudinal data in that the authors identified wave-specific clusters and were not able to track the movement of individuals over time.

The assumption of proportional odds has been confirmed by Brant’s test.

The inclusion of the lagged dummies in the equation leads to a reduction from fourteen to thirteen occasions.

The SHP started in 1999 with a sample of 5074 households, for a total of 12,931 individuals. In 2004 a sample of 2538 new households was added. For more information, see http://forscenter.ch/en/our-surveys/swiss-household-panel/.

The U-Matrix (unified distance matrix) visualizes with different colorings the adjacent distances between micro-clusters or nodes. Light areas represent nodes that are close to each other in the input space, while dark areas indicate cluster separators (Stefanovic and Kurasova 2011).

Panel attrition analysis has been done and is available on request. Unconditional and conditional transition probabilities, that have been estimated on an unbalanced sample of 99,484 occasions nested into 16,825 individuals, give roughly the same results.

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Titel: The application of a topological clustering technique to capture forms and dynamics of deprivation in contemporary Switzerland
verfasst von: Mario Lucchini
Christine Butti
Sara Della Bella
Angela Lisi
Publikationsdatum: 07.01.2017
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Quality & Quantity / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 0033-5177
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7845
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-016-0464-5

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