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2021 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

The Co-evolution of Commodity Flows, Economic Geography, and Emissions

verfasst von: Prof. Kieran Donaghy, Ph.D. Arash Beheshtian, Ph.D. Ziye Zhang, Ph.D. Benjamin Brown-Steiner

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Advances in Spatial Science

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book presents extensions to current commodity-flow models to analyze the economic and environmental impacts of recent structural changes, such as fragmentation of production and lengthening supply chains. The extensions enable augmented commodity-flow models to analyze the vulnerability of supply chains and regions to climate change and extreme weather events. The models allow the explicit treatment of trade in intermediate goods; the so-called “new economic geography” behavioral foundations for production and inter-industry and interregional trade; endogenous determination of capital investment and employment; and changes in emissions associated with production, consumption and freight movement. Presenting a modeling framework and simulations that are based on a thirty-year, spatial time-series of inter-industry and interstate trade in the US, this unique book is a valuable resource for regional scientists, economic geographers and transportation modelers, as well as environmental and atmospheric scientists.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This chapter presents the motivation for the research presented in this volume and provides an overview of the contributions of each chapter.
Kieran Donaghy, Arash Beheshtian, Ziye Zhang, Benjamin Brown-Steiner
Chapter 2. Environmental Impacts of Globalization
Abstract
This chapter reviews developments associated with globalization—among them, dramatic changes in patterns of trade and the location of economic activities—and how these developments have affected the environmental footprints of cities and states or regions in which cities are located. It also discusses ways in which urban environmental footprints can be lightened. A critical part of any successful program with such an objective involves providing new and maintaining existing urban infrastructure systems that deliver food, energy, and water to cities and facilitate interurban—hence interregional and international—trade. The chapter thus concludes with a discussion of how one might provide analytical support for managing changes in urban infrastructure systems to lighten environmental footprints of cities, their hinterlands, and more distant settlements with which they trade.
Kieran Donaghy, Arash Beheshtian, Ziye Zhang, Benjamin Brown-Steiner
Chapter 3. Generating Spatial Time Series on Interstate Commodity Flows
Abstract
This chapter presents and demonstrates a methodology for generating spatial time series on interregional (interstate) inter-industry sales (or commodity flows). The methodology embodies an approach to benchmarking and estimating a dynamic multiregional econometric input–output model (or REIM) with annual data, backing out annual interregional inter-industry sales coefficients from the estimated model, and using the coefficients to generate annual observations on commodity flows. The application of this methodology is demonstrated with a REIM that has been estimated for 13 Midwestern, New England, and North Atlantic states and the rest of the United States and 13 industries using time-series data published by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis and the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. The chapter concludes with brief observations on patterns of change in interregional inter-industry commodity flows and sales coefficients.
Kieran Donaghy, Arash Beheshtian, Ziye Zhang, Benjamin Brown-Steiner
Chapter 4. The Coevolution of Commodity Flows, Economic Geography, and Associated NonPoint Source Black Carbon Emissions in the Midwest-Northeast Transportation Corridor of the United States, 1977–2007
Abstract
The previous chapter of this volume discussed the generation of spatial time-series data on interstate inter-industry trade flows for the Midwestern and Northeastern states of the United States and the rest of the country over the period of 1977 to 2007. This chapter provides an analysis of these data and detailed commentary on changes in aggregate volumes of shipments (reflecting the increasing transport intensity of production and consumption), changes in patterns of intra-industry shipments (reflecting changes in economic geography), and changes in patterns of associated black carbon emissions that result from the movement of goods.
Kieran Donaghy, Arash Beheshtian, Ziye Zhang, Benjamin Brown-Steiner
Chapter 5. Black Carbon Emissions from Trucks and Trains in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States, 1977–2007
Abstract
This chapter presents a framework for estimating black carbon (BC) emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) and trains engaged in transporting freight in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States between 1977 and 2007. The estimates produced are comparable to other existing emissions inventories. This framework is employed in attempting to answer two questions: (1) What were the trends in BC emissions from HDDV and rail transportation sources over this period and what were the major factors that drove these trends? (2) What economic sectors dominated BC emissions and what major changes in sectoral behavior occurred over this period? The framework presented allows for the direct estimation of future BC emissions under a variety of economic, technological, and regulatory scenarios through changes in transportation patterns and emission factors.
Kieran Donaghy, Arash Beheshtian, Ziye Zhang, Benjamin Brown-Steiner
Chapter 6. Some Extensions to Interregional Commodity-Flow Models
Abstract
Some interregional commodity-flow models, developed in the tradition of interregional input–output modeling, take on detailed characterizations of transportation networks to extend their explanatory reach, whereas others, developed in the tradition of spatial-interaction modeling, assume detailed characterizations of production. This chapter demonstrates how features of models within each of these two traditions can be integrated into two new specifications: a partial equilibrium static formulation and a dynamic formulation of production, location, and interaction. The chapter also introduces several extensions to extant commodity-flow models, including explicit treatment of trade in intermediate goods, so-called new economic geography behavioral foundations for production and interindustry and interregional trade, and endogenous determination of capital investment and employment. These extensions enable commodity-flow models to be used to analyze the impacts of recent structural changes.
Kieran Donaghy, Arash Beheshtian, Ziye Zhang, Benjamin Brown-Steiner
Chapter 7. Estimation of a Continuous-Time Structural-Equation Model of Commodity Flows
Abstract
This chapter presents the operationalization and econometric estimation of a modified version of the dynamic continuous-time structural-equation model of commodity flows elaborated in the previous chapter. The objectives of this exercise are threefold: (1) to estimate an empirically based dynamic model that can accommodate the stylized facts of globalization noted earlier in this volume; (2) to determine whether or not a model that embodies a New Economic Geography formulation of production is supported by the data, and (3) develop and make available for other scholars regional economic data that supplement the commodity-flow data whose derivation and analysis have been discussed in Chaps. 3–5.
Kieran Donaghy, Arash Beheshtian, Ziye Zhang, Benjamin Brown-Steiner
Chapter 8. Projections of Atmospheric Emissions and Environmental Footprints Assuming Continued Globalization
Abstract
This chapter presents projections from 2008 to 2030 of point-source emissions of three of the US EPA’s criteria pollutants—carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)—and volatile organic compounds (VOC) from industrial production in the nine states or multistate groupings considered in the previous chapter and nonpoint-source emissions of the criteria pollutants and VOC plus black carbon (BC) from commodity flows along the routes connecting centroids of these states and multistate groupings. This chapter also presents calculations of environmental (emissions) footprints of both industrial production and consumption (final demand) by industry, pollutant, and location. This study is one of the first to make such calculations, taking into account interindustry sales that constitute commodity flows, and demonstrates a methodology for doing so.
Kieran Donaghy, Arash Beheshtian, Ziye Zhang, Benjamin Brown-Steiner
Chapter 9. Conclusions and New Directions
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the book-length argument developed in the preceding chapters and suggests new directions in which research addressing the coevolution of commodity flows, economic geography, and atmospheric emissions might be pursued.
Kieran Donaghy, Arash Beheshtian, Ziye Zhang, Benjamin Brown-Steiner
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
The Co-evolution of Commodity Flows, Economic Geography, and Emissions
verfasst von
Prof. Kieran Donaghy
Ph.D. Arash Beheshtian
Ph.D. Ziye Zhang
Ph.D. Benjamin Brown-Steiner
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-78555-0
Print ISBN
978-3-030-78554-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78555-0