The concept of joint production

The study of empirical aspects in Part I as well as the historical survey in Part II have shown that the phenomenon of joint production is extremely heterogeneous and that there are many different aspects in the phenomenon which are important for a discussion of the origins of environmental pollution in the act of production. Ambivalence of joint production has been identified to be crucial in this context. However, so far this work still lacks a clear and concise definition of “joint production”. Instead, I have used the term in a rather loose sense based on the preliminary definition 1.1. The very same holds for the term “ambivalent” joint production.