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Erschienen in:
2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
2. The Crystalline State
verfasst von : Dr. Walter Borchardt-Ott
Erschienen in: Crystallography
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Abstract
The outward appearance of a crystal is exceptionally variable, but all the variations which occur can be explained in terms of a single fundamental principle. To grasp this, we must first come to terms with the nature of the crystalline state. The following are a few properties that are characteristic of crystals:
• Many crystals not only have smooth faces, but, given ideal growth conditions, have regular geometric shapes. Fig. 2.1 shows a crystal of garnet with the form called a rhomb-dodecahedron. This is a polyhedron whose faces are 12 rhombi. Turn to Fig. 15.3, a pattern which you can (and should!) use to make a model of a rhomb-dodecahedron.
• If some crystals (e.g. NaCl) are split, the resulting fragments have similar shapes with smooth faces – in the case of NaCl, small cubes. This phenomenon is known as cleavage, and is typical only of crystals.