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The Digital Currency Revolution

Central Bank Digital Currencies, Crypto, and the Future of Global Finance

  • 2025
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Über dieses Buch

Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt gab es in den Schwellenmärkten eine Explosion des Wachstums in den Bereichen Digitalisierung, Finanztechnologie und mobiles Bezahlen. Der Aufstieg globaler alternativer Finanzsysteme hat die Zentralbanken zum Handeln veranlasst und Lösungen wie Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) vom Konzept bis zur Pilotphase in mehreren Ländern beschleunigt. Das Interesse an CBDCs ist rasch und weit verbreitet - laut dem CBDC-Tracker des Atlantic Council erwägen über 95% der Weltwirtschaft die Einführung der CBDC in irgendeiner Form. Obwohl der größte Teil der Welt an CBDCs interessiert ist, sind die Schwellenmärkte bei der Umsetzung, den Pilotprojekten und der Einführung unterschiedlicher Modelle vorangekommen. Dieses Buch behandelt die Entstehung digitaler Zahlungen, Kryptowährungen und CBDCs. Während die Schwellenmärkte weiterhin mit diesen futuristischen digitalen Finanzinstrumenten experimentieren, bietet dieses Buch Fallstudien in einer Reihe von Ländern und untersucht ihren einzigartigen wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Kontext. Es bietet einen aktualisierten Überblick über die Initiativen und ihre positiven und negativen Folgen weltweit. Häufige Argumente gegen CBDCs umfassen Bedenken im Zusammenhang mit der Privatsphäre und der Konzentration der Autonomie in den Zentralbanken. In den USA unterstreichen Argumente gegen CBDCs auch, dass es, wenn Bargeld obsolet wird, mehr staatliche Kontrolle und weniger Privatsphäre bei unseren Ausgaben und Finanztransaktionen gibt. Schließlich untersucht dieses Buch die möglichen Störungen in der globalen Finanzordnung, die durch Instrumente wie CBDCs für Groß- und Einzelhandel, Kryptowährungen, stabile Münzen, grenzüberschreitende Zahlungsinstrumente und digitale Zahlungssysteme ausgelöst werden. Sie führt Diskussionen über einen anhaltenden politischen Krieg in Bezug auf Finanzzahlungen und digitale Währungen und die mögliche Verwässerung der Stärke der physischen Währung.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

From Barter to Mobile Payments

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction to CBDCs
Abstract
The past decade has been one of the most tumultuous in modern history, marked by a pandemic, massive geopolitical shifts, and multiple technological breakthroughs that have created a “tipping point” for many countries, communities, and economies. Every aspect of human life has been disrupted, including the nature of money and its influence on the global economic system.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia
Chapter 2. Money: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Abstract
The rise of Blockchain-based digital assets and various forms of CBDCs present a fundamental shift in the nature of money and how we engage with it. In fact, their rise itself underscores fundamental issues with the current traditional financial systems. Cryptocurrencies, with their decentralized and secure nature, have emerged as a direct response to the inefficiencies, lack of transparency, and security vulnerabilities of traditional banking systems. This shift serves as a powerful reminder that change is not only inevitable but necessary. Yet, as we look to the future, understanding it first requires us to examine the past.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia
Chapter 3. Pain Points in Financial Systems: Financial Inclusion
Abstract
Financial inclusion means every citizen’s right to access vital financial services that can help build and protect your wealth against inflation, including bank accounts, savings, credit, loans, equity, and insurance. The lack of access to financial services is closely linked to poverty, as it limits opportunities for wealth creation, investing, and protecting against crises. This can perpetuate cycles of poverty and widen inequality. An empirical study has shown that developing countries that show a steady increase in Financial inclusion show a continuous drop in the poverty rate.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia
Chapter 4. CBDC Systems Engineering
Abstract
As CBDCs transition from conceptual frameworks to active pilots and regulatory frameworks, attention is shifting from policy theory to the technical infrastructure required to support them. This chapter examines the foundational technologies underpinning CBDCs, offering a comprehensive analysis of the systems engineering involved in deploying sovereign digital currencies that are secure, scalable, and efficient.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia

The Ins and Outs of CBDC Technology

Frontmatter
Chapter 5. CBDC Launch: e-CNY in China and eNaira in Nigeria
Abstract
As central banks across the globe race to define the future of money, China and Nigeria stand out as early pioneers in the development and deployment of CBDCs. Though vastly different in terms of economic scale, political systems, and digital infrastructure, both countries have embraced CBDCs as tools to modernize monetary systems, enhance Financial inclusion, and assert greater control over their respective financial ecosystems. This chapter offers a comparative exploration of China's e-CNY and Nigeria's eNaira, highlighting how each nation has approached design, implementation, and adoption based on its unique institutional and socioeconomic context. By examining the goals, infrastructure, challenges, and broader implications of these initiatives, we gain insight into how CBDCs are shaping the next phase of global digital finance.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia
Chapter 6. Mobile Payments: Pix in Brazil and UPI in India
Abstract
In recent years, mobile payments have become a driving force in the global transition toward digital finance, reshaping how individuals and institutions interact with money. Brazil and India, two of the world's most populous and digitally ambitious economies, have developed robust payment infrastructures through Pix and Unified Payments Interface (UPI), respectively. These systems reflect not only technological innovation but also broader efforts to enhance Financial inclusion, modernize Monetary policy, and assert digital sovereignty. This chapter examines the evolution of mobile payments in both countries, the public–private partnerships that underpin their success, and the growing role of CBDCs in shaping the future of financial ecosystems.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia
Chapter 7. Experimenting with CBDCs: Ghana, Peru, The Bahamas, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and the Eurozone
Abstract
Central banks across the globe are grappling with the implications of digitalization, and many have turned to CBDCs as potential tools for enhancing Financial inclusion, improving payment efficiency, and modernizing monetary systems. This chapter explores the experimental approaches to CBDCs undertaken by three distinct economies, Peru, Zimbabwe, and The Bahamas, and other global experiments in Kenya and the Eurozone.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia

Stablecoins, CBDCS, and Competing Visions of Digital Money

Frontmatter
Chapter 8. Cross-Border CBDCs: mBridge, Agora, and the Others
Abstract
In previous chapters, we have predominantly discussed the implications of introducing CBDCs within individual countries. However, the introduction of CBDCs has the potential to significantly disrupt global payment systems and, by extension, the global economic world order. While systems for currency conversions and payments across different jurisdictions have facilitated global trade for centuries, the rapid interlinking of trade and commerce in the wake of globalization has vastly increased the scale and volume of Cross-border payments. In recent decades, technology-enabled innovations have primarily shifted Cross-border payments into the realm of electronic transfers. With recent breakthroughs in Blockchain-based technologies and artificial intelligence, we are poised for a dramatic restructuring of the pipelines that allow institutional and Retail payments to keep flowing across the world.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia
Chapter 9. Stablecoins: An Alternative to CBDCs
Abstract
Stablecoins have emerged as a transformative force in global finance, offering price stability, cross-border efficiency, and a viable alternative to volatile cryptocurrencies and legacy payment systems.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia
Chapter 10. The Debate over CBDCs
Abstract
CBDCs offer major benefits such as faster payments, reduced physical currency costs, and expanded Financial inclusion, especially in emerging markets.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia
Chapter 11. 2025, a New Opportunity
Abstract
While over 130 countries are exploring CBDCs, rollouts remain limited; the EU and India are advancing cautiously, while China pushes ahead with broad but uneven adoption.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia
Chapter 12. Moving Forward
Abstract
Trust, education, and interoperability are critical for CBDC adoption, requiring strong public communication, secure systems, and seamless cross-border integration.
Mark Mobius, Lourdes Casanova, Sharwari Pandit, John Ninia
Backmatter
Titel
The Digital Currency Revolution
Verfasst von
Mark Mobius
Lourdes Casanova
Sharwari Pandit
John Ninia
Copyright-Jahr
2025
Electronic ISBN
978-3-032-02819-8
Print ISBN
978-3-032-02818-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-02819-8

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