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Erschienen in:
01.09.2022 | STRUCTURE, PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS, AND DIFFUSION
The Effect of Electropulsing-Assisted Ultrasonic Impact Treatment on the Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Microhardness of Electron-Beam-Welded 3D Printed Ti–6Al–4V Alloy
Erschienen in: Physics of Metals and Metallography | Ausgabe 9/2022
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Abstract
X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy have shown the formation of a gradient structure in surface layers during electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic impact treatment (EAUIT) of a weld in Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples prepared by the electron-beam wire additive technology. In particular, nanocrystalline titanium and titanium–iron oxides, and amorphous and nanocrystalline α-phase structures form at a depth of 1–2 µm; a nanocrystalline structure in layers with β + α" and α + β-phases forms at a depth of 2 to 10 µm; and submicro and microcrystalline α-phase structures, at a depth of more than 10 µm. EAUIT of the metal in the weld zone causes iron alloying of 1–2 µm surface layers and increases the microhardness due to an increase in the grain boundary contribution to the hardening due to nanocrystalline and submicro and microcrystalline structure formation in α- and β-phases during processing and hardening due to the precipitation of nanocrystalline titanium–iron oxide and α"-phases.