Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 1/2018

24.08.2017 | Original Paper

The Effect of Lineation on Anisotropy in Dry and Saturated Himalayan Schistose Rock Under Brazilian Test Conditions

verfasst von: Jagadish Kundu, Bankim Mahanta, Kripamoy Sarkar, T. N. Singh

Erschienen in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering | Ausgabe 1/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The paper presents experimental observations of the anisotropic effect of dry and saturated lineated schistose rock on deformational behaviour and fracture patterns under indirect tensile loading conditions. Dry mylonitic quartz–mica schist (M-QMS) shows strength minima in between lineation orientation of 20°–30° with loading direction, whereas dry crenulated quartz–mica schist (C-QMS) shows strength minima in between 45° and 60°. Water saturation significantly reduces the failure strength and shifts the strength minima towards a higher angle. In addition, the water saturation effect induces plasticity along the lineation direction. P-wave velocity is found to be maximum along lineation direction, which continuously decreases to a minimum value across the lineation. Three types of fracture patterns, namely layer activation, central and non-central, are observed for both the rock types. For both the rock types, tensional fractures occur when the lineation is inclined at 0° and 90° to the loading direction, whereas shear and mixed-mode fractures occur at all other orientations. Fracture through the layer activation is prominent in saturated specimens compared to the dry specimens for β angle range of 15°–60° and 15°–45° in the case of M-QMS and C-QMS, respectively.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat ASTM D3967-08 (2008) Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of intact rock core specimens 1. ASTM Int., West Conshohocken, PA, pp 20–23. doi:10.1520/D3967-08.2 ASTM D3967-08 (2008) Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of intact rock core specimens 1. ASTM Int., West Conshohocken, PA, pp 20–23. doi:10.​1520/​D3967-08.​2
Zurück zum Zitat Berenbaom R, Brodie I (1959) The tensile strength of coal. J Inst Fuel 32:320–327 Berenbaom R, Brodie I (1959) The tensile strength of coal. J Inst Fuel 32:320–327
Zurück zum Zitat Casagrande A, Carillo N (1944) Shear failure of anisotropic materials. Boston Soc Civil Eng 31:74–87 Casagrande A, Carillo N (1944) Shear failure of anisotropic materials. Boston Soc Civil Eng 31:74–87
Zurück zum Zitat Davis GH, Reynolds SJ, Kluth C (2012) Structural geology of rocks and regions. Wiley, Hoboken Davis GH, Reynolds SJ, Kluth C (2012) Structural geology of rocks and regions. Wiley, Hoboken
Zurück zum Zitat Donath F (1961) Experimental study of shear failure in anisotropic rocks. Geol Soc Am Bull 72:985–990CrossRef Donath F (1961) Experimental study of shear failure in anisotropic rocks. Geol Soc Am Bull 72:985–990CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Donath FA, Cohen CI (1960) Anisotropy and failure in rocks. Bull Geol Soc Am 71:1851 Donath FA, Cohen CI (1960) Anisotropy and failure in rocks. Bull Geol Soc Am 71:1851
Zurück zum Zitat Fereidooni D, Khanlari GR, Heidari M, Sepahigero AA, Kolahi-Azar AP (2015) Assessment of inherent anisotropy and confining pressure influences on mechanical behavior of anisotropic foliated rocks under triaxial compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49:2155–2163. doi:10.1007/s00603-015-0814-y CrossRef Fereidooni D, Khanlari GR, Heidari M, Sepahigero AA, Kolahi-Azar AP (2015) Assessment of inherent anisotropy and confining pressure influences on mechanical behavior of anisotropic foliated rocks under triaxial compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49:2155–2163. doi:10.​1007/​s00603-015-0814-y CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hawkes I, Mellor M (1970) Uniaxial testing in rock mechanics laboratories. Eng Geol 4:177–285CrossRef Hawkes I, Mellor M (1970) Uniaxial testing in rock mechanics laboratories. Eng Geol 4:177–285CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hobbs DW (1965) An assessment of a technique for determining the tensile strength of rock. Br J Appl Phys 16:259–268CrossRef Hobbs DW (1965) An assessment of a technique for determining the tensile strength of rock. Br J Appl Phys 16:259–268CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hobbs BE, Means WD, Williams PF (1976) An outline of structural geology. Wiley, New York Hobbs BE, Means WD, Williams PF (1976) An outline of structural geology. Wiley, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Hoek E (1964) Fracture of anisotropic rock. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 64:501–518 Hoek E (1964) Fracture of anisotropic rock. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 64:501–518
Zurück zum Zitat Israelachvili JN, McGuiggan PM, Homola AM (1988) Dynamic properties of molecularly thin liquid films. Science 240:189–191CrossRef Israelachvili JN, McGuiggan PM, Homola AM (1988) Dynamic properties of molecularly thin liquid films. Science 240:189–191CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat ISRM (1981) The ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring. Pergamon Press, Oxford ISRM (1981) The ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Zurück zum Zitat Jaeger JC (1960) Shear failure of anistropic rocks. Geol Mag 97:65–72CrossRef Jaeger JC (1960) Shear failure of anistropic rocks. Geol Mag 97:65–72CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Khanlari G, Rafiei B, Abdilor Y (2015) An experimental investigation of the Brazilian tensile strength and failure patterns of laminated sandstones. Rock Mech Rock Eng 48:843–852. doi:10.1007/s00603-014-0576-y CrossRef Khanlari G, Rafiei B, Abdilor Y (2015) An experimental investigation of the Brazilian tensile strength and failure patterns of laminated sandstones. Rock Mech Rock Eng 48:843–852. doi:10.​1007/​s00603-014-0576-y CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim KY, Zhuang L, Yang H, Kim H, Min KB (2016) Strength anisotropy of Berea sandstone: results of X-ray computed tomography, compression tests, and discrete modeling. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49:1201–1210. doi:10.1007/s00603-015-0820-0 CrossRef Kim KY, Zhuang L, Yang H, Kim H, Min KB (2016) Strength anisotropy of Berea sandstone: results of X-ray computed tomography, compression tests, and discrete modeling. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49:1201–1210. doi:10.​1007/​s00603-015-0820-0 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kundu J, Mahanta B, Tripathy A, Sarkar K, Singh TN (2016a) Stability evaluation of jointed rock slope with curved face. In: INDOROCK 2016. Mumbai, India, pp 971–978 Kundu J, Mahanta B, Tripathy A, Sarkar K, Singh TN (2016a) Stability evaluation of jointed rock slope with curved face. In: INDOROCK 2016. Mumbai, India, pp 971–978
Zurück zum Zitat Kundu J, Sarkar K, Singh AK (2016b) Integrating structural and numerical solutions for road cut slope stability analysis-a case study, India. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on rock dynamics and applications, pp 457–462 Kundu J, Sarkar K, Singh AK (2016b) Integrating structural and numerical solutions for road cut slope stability analysis-a case study, India. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on rock dynamics and applications, pp 457–462
Zurück zum Zitat Lin C, He J, Li X, Wan X, Zheng B (2016) An experimental investigation into the effects of the anisotropy of shale on hydraulic fracture propagation. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50:543–554. doi:10.1007/s00603-016-1136-4 CrossRef Lin C, He J, Li X, Wan X, Zheng B (2016) An experimental investigation into the effects of the anisotropy of shale on hydraulic fracture propagation. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50:543–554. doi:10.​1007/​s00603-016-1136-4 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mahanta B, Singh HO, Singh PK, Kainthola A, Singh TN (2016a) Stability analysis of potential failure zones along NH-305, India. Nat Hazards 83:1341–1357. doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2396-8 Mahanta B, Singh HO, Singh PK, Kainthola A, Singh TN (2016a) Stability analysis of potential failure zones along NH-305, India. Nat Hazards 83:1341–1357. doi:10.​1007/​s11069-016-2396-8
Zurück zum Zitat McLamore R, Gray KE (1967) The mechanical behavior of anisotropic fine-grained sedimentary roks. J Eng Ind 89:62–73CrossRef McLamore R, Gray KE (1967) The mechanical behavior of anisotropic fine-grained sedimentary roks. J Eng Ind 89:62–73CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mighani S, Sondergeld CH, Rai CS (2016) Observations of tensile fracturing of anisotropic rocks. Soc Pet Eng (Preprint) Mighani S, Sondergeld CH, Rai CS (2016) Observations of tensile fracturing of anisotropic rocks. Soc Pet Eng (Preprint)
Zurück zum Zitat Morrow C, Moore DE, Lockner DA (2000) The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength. Geophys Res Lett 27:815–818. doi:10.1029/1999GL008401 CrossRef Morrow C, Moore DE, Lockner DA (2000) The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength. Geophys Res Lett 27:815–818. doi:10.​1029/​1999GL008401 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mukhopadhaya DK, Ghosh TK, Bhadra BK, Srivastava DC (1997) Structural and metamorphic evolution of the rocks of the Jutogh Group, Chur half-klippe, Himachal Himalayas: a summary and comparison with the Simla area. In: Proceedings of the Indian academy of sciences- earth and planetary sciences, pp 197–207 Mukhopadhaya DK, Ghosh TK, Bhadra BK, Srivastava DC (1997) Structural and metamorphic evolution of the rocks of the Jutogh Group, Chur half-klippe, Himachal Himalayas: a summary and comparison with the Simla area. In: Proceedings of the Indian academy of sciences- earth and planetary sciences, pp 197–207
Zurück zum Zitat Ogunsanwo O (1986) Influence of angle of inclination of schistosity planes on the geotechnical properties of a schist saprolite. Eng Geol 23:137–143CrossRef Ogunsanwo O (1986) Influence of angle of inclination of schistosity planes on the geotechnical properties of a schist saprolite. Eng Geol 23:137–143CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pan E, Amadei B, Savage WZ (1994) Gravitational stresses in long symmetric ridges and valleys in anisotropic rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 31:293–312CrossRef Pan E, Amadei B, Savage WZ (1994) Gravitational stresses in long symmetric ridges and valleys in anisotropic rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 31:293–312CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pandey AK, Sachan HK, Virdi NS (2004) Exhumation history of a shear zone constrained by microstructural and fluid inclusion techniques: an example from the Satluj valley, NW Himalaya, Indian. J Asian Earth Sci 23:391–406. doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00167-6 CrossRef Pandey AK, Sachan HK, Virdi NS (2004) Exhumation history of a shear zone constrained by microstructural and fluid inclusion techniques: an example from the Satluj valley, NW Himalaya, Indian. J Asian Earth Sci 23:391–406. doi:10.​1016/​S1367-9120(03)00167-6 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Passchier CW, Trouw RAJ (2005) Microtectonics. Springer, Berlin Passchier CW, Trouw RAJ (2005) Microtectonics. Springer, Berlin
Zurück zum Zitat Ramamurthy T, Arora VK (1994) Strength predictions for jointed rocks in confined and unconfined states. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 31:9–22CrossRef Ramamurthy T, Arora VK (1994) Strength predictions for jointed rocks in confined and unconfined states. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 31:9–22CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Singh K (1979) Deformation history of the rocks around Sarahan Bushair, Himachal Pradesh. In: Saklani PS (ed) Structural geology of the Himalaya. Today and Tomorrow’s Printers & Publishers, New Delhi, pp 163–182 Singh K (1979) Deformation history of the rocks around Sarahan Bushair, Himachal Pradesh. In: Saklani PS (ed) Structural geology of the Himalaya. Today and Tomorrow’s Printers & Publishers, New Delhi, pp 163–182
Zurück zum Zitat Talesnick ML, Lee MY, Haimson BC (1995) On the determination of elastic material parameters of transverse isotropic rocks from a single test specimen. Rock Mech Rock Eng 28:17–35. doi:10.1007/BF01024771 CrossRef Talesnick ML, Lee MY, Haimson BC (1995) On the determination of elastic material parameters of transverse isotropic rocks from a single test specimen. Rock Mech Rock Eng 28:17–35. doi:10.​1007/​BF01024771 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tan X, Konietzky H, Frühwirt T, Dan DQ (2015) Brazilian tests on transversely isotropic rocks: laboratory testing and numerical simulations. Rock Mech Rock Eng 48:1341–1351. doi:10.1007/s00603-014-0629-2 CrossRef Tan X, Konietzky H, Frühwirt T, Dan DQ (2015) Brazilian tests on transversely isotropic rocks: laboratory testing and numerical simulations. Rock Mech Rock Eng 48:1341–1351. doi:10.​1007/​s00603-014-0629-2 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tavallali A (2010) Failure of layered Modave sandstone: Effect of layer orientation and material properties. PhD Thesis. Department of Civil Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Tavallali A (2010) Failure of layered Modave sandstone: Effect of layer orientation and material properties. PhD Thesis. Department of Civil Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Zurück zum Zitat Tavallali A, Vervoort A (2010a) Failure of layered sandstone under Brazilian test conditions: effect of micro-scale parameters on macro-scale behaviour. Rock Mech Rock Eng 43:641–653. doi:10.1007/s00603-010-0084-7 CrossRef Tavallali A, Vervoort A (2010a) Failure of layered sandstone under Brazilian test conditions: effect of micro-scale parameters on macro-scale behaviour. Rock Mech Rock Eng 43:641–653. doi:10.​1007/​s00603-010-0084-7 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tavallali A, Vervoort A (2010b) Acoustic emission monitoring of layered sandstone under Brazilian test conditions. In: Rock mechanics in civil and environmental engineering, pp 91–94 Tavallali A, Vervoort A (2010b) Acoustic emission monitoring of layered sandstone under Brazilian test conditions. In: Rock mechanics in civil and environmental engineering, pp 91–94
Zurück zum Zitat Vervoort A, Min KB, Konietzky H, Cho JW, Debecker B, Dinh QD, Frühwirt T, Tavallali A (2014) Failure of transversely isotropic rock under Brazilian test conditions. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 70:343–352. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.04.006 Vervoort A, Min KB, Konietzky H, Cho JW, Debecker B, Dinh QD, Frühwirt T, Tavallali A (2014) Failure of transversely isotropic rock under Brazilian test conditions. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 70:343–352. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ijrmms.​2014.​04.​006
Zurück zum Zitat White JM, Mazurkiewicz M (1989) Effect of moisture content on mechanical properties of Nemo coal, Moberly, Missouri USA. Min Sci Technol 9:181–185CrossRef White JM, Mazurkiewicz M (1989) Effect of moisture content on mechanical properties of Nemo coal, Moberly, Missouri USA. Min Sci Technol 9:181–185CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wong L, Jong M (2013) Water saturation effects on the Brazilian tensile strength of gypsum and assessment of cracking processes using high-speed video. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47:1103–1115CrossRef Wong L, Jong M (2013) Water saturation effects on the Brazilian tensile strength of gypsum and assessment of cracking processes using high-speed video. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47:1103–1115CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang XP, Wu S, Afolagboye LO, Wang S, Han G (2015) Using the point load test to analyze the strength anisotropy of quartz mica schist along an exploration adit. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49:1967–1975. doi:10.1007/s00603-015-0792-0 CrossRef Zhang XP, Wu S, Afolagboye LO, Wang S, Han G (2015) Using the point load test to analyze the strength anisotropy of quartz mica schist along an exploration adit. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49:1967–1975. doi:10.​1007/​s00603-015-0792-0 CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The Effect of Lineation on Anisotropy in Dry and Saturated Himalayan Schistose Rock Under Brazilian Test Conditions
verfasst von
Jagadish Kundu
Bankim Mahanta
Kripamoy Sarkar
T. N. Singh
Publikationsdatum
24.08.2017
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 0723-2632
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-453X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1300-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2018

Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 1/2018 Zur Ausgabe